Purpose. this study examined the impact of playing position and age on professional soccer players’ anthropometric characteristics and aerobic performance. Methods. A total of 308 professional soccer players (25.42 ± 4.66 years, 178.88 ± 6.13 cm, 76.72 ± 7.05 kg) from the Eastern Mediterranean participated in the study. they were divided into 5 playing positions (defenders, midfielders, full-backs, forwards, wingers) and categorized into 3 age groups (18–24, 25–29, 30–35 years). Anthropometric variables were recorded. In addition, maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill was performed to assess the players’ aerobic physical fitness. Results. A two-way MANOVA factorial analysis indicated that there was a significant main effect of playing position [ F (12,25) = 9.34, p < 0.001] and age [ F (6,548) = 6.80, p < 0.001] on the anthropometric characteristics of the players. More-over, the multivariate analysis implied a significant main effect of age [ F (4,448) = 4.47, p = 0.002] and a marginal sig ni ficant effect of playing position [ F (8,448) = 1.77, p = 0.81] on maximal oxygen consumption and run times. However, there was no significant interaction between playing position and age. Conclusions. the findings of the present study significantly contribute to understanding male soccer players’ age-related and performance characteristics in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Our results can be applied to ensure training specificity, aid in contract arrangements and player replacement, and identify the best players for particular playing positions.
目的。本研究考察了踢球位置和年龄对职业足球运动员人体测量特征和有氧运动表现的影响。方法。研究对象为来自东地中海地区的308名职业足球运动员(25.42±4.66岁，178.88±6.13 cm, 76.72±7.05 kg)。他们被分为5个位置(后卫、中场、边后卫、前锋、边锋)和3个年龄组(18-24岁、25-29岁、30-35岁)。记录人体测量变量。此外，在跑步机上进行最大心肺运动测试，以评估运动员的有氧体能。结果。双因素方差分析显示，球员的位置[F (12,25) = 9.34, p < 0.001]和年龄[F (6,548) = 6.80, p < 0.001]对球员的人体测量特征有显著的主效应。此外，多变量分析表明，年龄对最大耗氧量和跑步时间有显著的主影响[F (4,448) = 4.47, p = 0.002]，位置对最大耗氧量和跑步时间有显著的边际影响[F (8,448) = 1.77, p = 0.81]。然而，打球位置和年龄之间没有显著的相互作用。结论。本研究结果对了解东地中海地区男性足球运动员的年龄相关特征和表现特征具有重要意义。我们的结果可以应用于确保训练的专用性，帮助合同安排和球员替换，并确定特定位置上的最佳球员。
{"title":"Anthropometric characteristics and aerobic performance of professional soccer players by playing position and age","authors":"Koulla Parpa, M. Michaelides","doi":"10.5114/hm.2022.110124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2022.110124","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. this study examined the impact of playing position and age on professional soccer players’ anthropometric characteristics and aerobic performance. Methods. A total of 308 professional soccer players (25.42 ± 4.66 years, 178.88 ± 6.13 cm, 76.72 ± 7.05 kg) from the Eastern Mediterranean participated in the study. they were divided into 5 playing positions (defenders, midfielders, full-backs, forwards, wingers) and categorized into 3 age groups (18–24, 25–29, 30–35 years). Anthropometric variables were recorded. In addition, maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill was performed to assess the players’ aerobic physical fitness. Results. A two-way MANOVA factorial analysis indicated that there was a significant main effect of playing position [ F (12,25) = 9.34, p < 0.001] and age [ F (6,548) = 6.80, p < 0.001] on the anthropometric characteristics of the players. More-over, the multivariate analysis implied a significant main effect of age [ F (4,448) = 4.47, p = 0.002] and a marginal sig ni ficant effect of playing position [ F (8,448) = 1.77, p = 0.81] on maximal oxygen consumption and run times. However, there was no significant interaction between playing position and age. Conclusions. the findings of the present study significantly contribute to understanding male soccer players’ age-related and performance characteristics in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Our results can be applied to ensure training specificity, aid in contract arrangements and player replacement, and identify the best players for particular playing positions.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71103575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, David Andrade, F. Clemente, J. Afonso, Alejandro Pérez-Castilla, P. Gentil
Purpose. The process in which specific exercises reduce localized adipose tissue depots (targeted fat loss) and modify fat distribution is commonly termed spot reduction. According to this long-held popular belief, exercising a limb would lead to greater reduction in the adjacent adipose tissue in comparison with the contralateral limb. Aside from popular wisdom, scientific evidence from the 20 th and 21 st century seems to offer inconclusive results. The study aim was to summarize peer-reviewed literature assessing the effects of unilateral limb training, compared with the contralateral limb, on the localized adipose tissue depots in healthy participants, and to meta-analyse its results. Methods. We followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases using several relevant keyword combinations. Independent experts were contacted to help identify additional relevant articles. Following the PICOS approach, we included controlled studies that incorporated a localized exercise intervention (i.e., single-leg training) to cohorts of healthy participants (i.e., no restriction for fitness, age, or sex) compared with a control condition (i.e., contralateral limb), where the main outcome was the pre-to-post-intervention change of localized fat. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Pre- and post-intervention means ± standard deviations of the fat-related outcome in the trained and control groups (limbs) were converted to Hedges’ g effect size ( ES ; with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) by using a random-effects model. The impact of heterogeneity was assessed with the I 2 statistic. Extended Egger’s test served to explore the risk of reporting bias. The statistical significance threshold was set at p < 0.05. Results. From 1833 search records initially identified, 13 were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1158 male and female participants (age, 14–71 years). The 13 studies achieved a high methodological quality, and presented results with low heterogeneity ( I 2 = 24.3%) and no bias (Egger’s test p = 0.133). The meta-analysis involved 37 comparisons, with 17 of these favouring (i.e., greater reduction of localized fat) the trained limb, and 20 favouring the untrained limb, but the ES ranged between –1.21 and 1.07. The effects were consistent, with a pooled ES = –0.03, 95% CI: –0.10 to 0.05, p = 0.508, meaning that spot reduction was not observed. Conclusions. Localized muscle training had no effect on localized adipose tissue depots, i.e., there was no spot reduction, regardless of the characteristics of the population and of the exercise program. The popular belief concerning spot reduction is probably derived from wishful thinking and convenient marketing strategies, such as influencers seeking increased popularity and procedure sellers interested in increasing advertising
{"title":"A proposed model to test the hypothesis of exerciseinduced localized fat reduction (spot reduction), including a systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, David Andrade, F. Clemente, J. Afonso, Alejandro Pérez-Castilla, P. Gentil","doi":"10.5114/hm.2022.110373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2022.110373","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The process in which specific exercises reduce localized adipose tissue depots (targeted fat loss) and modify fat distribution is commonly termed spot reduction. According to this long-held popular belief, exercising a limb would lead to greater reduction in the adjacent adipose tissue in comparison with the contralateral limb. Aside from popular wisdom, scientific evidence from the 20 th and 21 st century seems to offer inconclusive results. The study aim was to summarize peer-reviewed literature assessing the effects of unilateral limb training, compared with the contralateral limb, on the localized adipose tissue depots in healthy participants, and to meta-analyse its results. Methods. We followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases using several relevant keyword combinations. Independent experts were contacted to help identify additional relevant articles. Following the PICOS approach, we included controlled studies that incorporated a localized exercise intervention (i.e., single-leg training) to cohorts of healthy participants (i.e., no restriction for fitness, age, or sex) compared with a control condition (i.e., contralateral limb), where the main outcome was the pre-to-post-intervention change of localized fat. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Pre- and post-intervention means ± standard deviations of the fat-related outcome in the trained and control groups (limbs) were converted to Hedges’ g effect size ( ES ; with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) by using a random-effects model. The impact of heterogeneity was assessed with the I 2 statistic. Extended Egger’s test served to explore the risk of reporting bias. The statistical significance threshold was set at p < 0.05. Results. From 1833 search records initially identified, 13 were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1158 male and female participants (age, 14–71 years). The 13 studies achieved a high methodological quality, and presented results with low heterogeneity ( I 2 = 24.3%) and no bias (Egger’s test p = 0.133). The meta-analysis involved 37 comparisons, with 17 of these favouring (i.e., greater reduction of localized fat) the trained limb, and 20 favouring the untrained limb, but the ES ranged between –1.21 and 1.07. The effects were consistent, with a pooled ES = –0.03, 95% CI: –0.10 to 0.05, p = 0.508, meaning that spot reduction was not observed. Conclusions. Localized muscle training had no effect on localized adipose tissue depots, i.e., there was no spot reduction, regardless of the characteristics of the population and of the exercise program. The popular belief concerning spot reduction is probably derived from wishful thinking and convenient marketing strategies, such as influencers seeking increased popularity and procedure sellers interested in increasing advertising","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71103729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Caires, G. Luvizutto, P. Vieira, Gabriel Jablonski, R. Bazan, A. Andrade, Luciane Souza
Purpose. Visual choice reaction time can be measured in reaching, which is an important task to investigate after stroke owing to its high clinical importance in activities of daily living. The study aim was to evaluate the visual choice reaction time during reaching tasks in the ipsilateral and contralateral spaces before and after a single training session of choice reaction time in patients after a mild stroke. Methods. The cross-sectional study involved 7 individuals after a mild stroke. The visual choice reaction time was evaluated during reaching in the affected and unaffected sides in the ipsilateral and contralateral spaces. All individuals trained the choice reaction time during a functional reaching task in a single session. In the training, 6 circles were used in a randomized sequence in 5 blocks, with 10 stimuli per block, for a total of 50 repetitions. Results. There was a significant reduction in the choice reaction time for the unaffected side in the ipsilateral space after training (p = 0.041). The other task conditions did not show a statistical difference, but a clinical relevance based on Cohen’s d (d > 0.60). Conclusions. A single training session can decrease the choice reaction time for the affected side during tasks in the ipsilateral space after a mild stroke.
目的。视觉选择反应时间在脑卒中患者的日常生活活动中具有重要的临床意义，是脑卒中后研究的一项重要任务。本研究的目的是评估轻度中风患者在单次选择反应时间训练前后在同侧和对侧空间到达任务时的视觉选择反应时间。方法。这项横断面研究涉及7名轻度中风患者。在同侧和对侧空间的受影响侧和未受影响侧的视觉选择反应时间进行评估。所有被试都在一个单一的会话中训练了在功能性伸手任务中的选择反应时间。在训练中，6个圆圈按随机顺序分成5个块，每个块10个刺激，共重复50次。结果。训练后，同侧空间中未受影响侧的选择反应时间显著减少(p = 0.041)。其他任务条件没有显示出统计学差异，但基于Cohen 's d (d = 0.60)的临床相关性。结论。在轻度中风后，单次训练可以减少患侧在同侧空间任务中的选择反应时间。
{"title":"A single training session of visual choice reaction time after mild stroke: a proof of concept","authors":"T. Caires, G. Luvizutto, P. Vieira, Gabriel Jablonski, R. Bazan, A. Andrade, Luciane Souza","doi":"10.5114/hm.2021.106168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2021.106168","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Visual choice reaction time can be measured in reaching, which is an important task to investigate after stroke owing to its high clinical importance in activities of daily living. The study aim was to evaluate the visual choice reaction time during reaching tasks in the ipsilateral and contralateral spaces before and after a single training session of choice reaction time in patients after a mild stroke. Methods. The cross-sectional study involved 7 individuals after a mild stroke. The visual choice reaction time was evaluated during reaching in the affected and unaffected sides in the ipsilateral and contralateral spaces. All individuals trained the choice reaction time during a functional reaching task in a single session. In the training, 6 circles were used in a randomized sequence in 5 blocks, with 10 stimuli per block, for a total of 50 repetitions. Results. There was a significant reduction in the choice reaction time for the unaffected side in the ipsilateral space after training (p = 0.041). The other task conditions did not show a statistical difference, but a clinical relevance based on Cohen’s d (d > 0.60). Conclusions. A single training session can decrease the choice reaction time for the affected side during tasks in the ipsilateral space after a mild stroke.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71100527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carla Gonçalves, P. Bezerra, F. Clemente, C. Vila-Chã, C. Leão, A. Brandão, J. Cancela
Purpose. The objectives were to analyse differences of static and dynamic balance between sexes and test the correlations between static and dynamic balance measures. Methods. The study involved 77 physically active adults, university students (age: 19.1 ± 1.1 years; height: 170.2 ± 9.2 cm; body mass: 64.1 ± 10.7 kg). Static balance was assessed with a force platform under Romberg conditions: a foam surface, eyes open (EOFS); eyes closed (ECFS); challenging the visual-vestibular system (CVVS). The Y balance Test (YbT) evaluated dynamic balance in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. One-way ANOVA examined potential differences between sexes, and the Pearson product-moment test verified the correlations between YbT and static balance measures. Results. Sex differences were found for all conditions in static balance variables: ellipse area (EA), centre of pressure displacement anteroposterior (DAP) and mediolateral (DML), mean velocity anteroposterior (VAP) and mediolateral (VML), total mean velocity (TV). Females presented a better stability index than males for EOFS (25% DAP, 20% DML, 30% VAP, 21% VML, 19% TV), ECFS (26% DAP, 32% DML, 28% VAP, 32% VML, 32% TV), and CVVS (27% EA, 26% DAP, 19% DML, 17% VAP, 20% VML, 18% TV). Males demonstrated 6% better performance on YbT posterolateral. Correlation tests revealed small to moderate correlations between static and dynamic balance, except for a large positive correlation between YbT anterior and sway area under the CVVS condition [ r = 0.54 (0.19; 0.77)] for women. Conclusions. The findings indicate a weak relationship between static and dynamic balance in controlling posture.
{"title":"The relationship between static and dynamic balance in active young adults","authors":"Carla Gonçalves, P. Bezerra, F. Clemente, C. Vila-Chã, C. Leão, A. Brandão, J. Cancela","doi":"10.5114/hm.2021.106165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2021.106165","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The objectives were to analyse differences of static and dynamic balance between sexes and test the correlations between static and dynamic balance measures. Methods. The study involved 77 physically active adults, university students (age: 19.1 ± 1.1 years; height: 170.2 ± 9.2 cm; body mass: 64.1 ± 10.7 kg). Static balance was assessed with a force platform under Romberg conditions: a foam surface, eyes open (EOFS); eyes closed (ECFS); challenging the visual-vestibular system (CVVS). The Y balance Test (YbT) evaluated dynamic balance in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. One-way ANOVA examined potential differences between sexes, and the Pearson product-moment test verified the correlations between YbT and static balance measures. Results. Sex differences were found for all conditions in static balance variables: ellipse area (EA), centre of pressure displacement anteroposterior (DAP) and mediolateral (DML), mean velocity anteroposterior (VAP) and mediolateral (VML), total mean velocity (TV). Females presented a better stability index than males for EOFS (25% DAP, 20% DML, 30% VAP, 21% VML, 19% TV), ECFS (26% DAP, 32% DML, 28% VAP, 32% VML, 32% TV), and CVVS (27% EA, 26% DAP, 19% DML, 17% VAP, 20% VML, 18% TV). Males demonstrated 6% better performance on YbT posterolateral. Correlation tests revealed small to moderate correlations between static and dynamic balance, except for a large positive correlation between YbT anterior and sway area under the CVVS condition [ r = 0.54 (0.19; 0.77)] for women. Conclusions. The findings indicate a weak relationship between static and dynamic balance in controlling posture.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71100810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ferreira, Jefferson Santos, M. Souza, A. Teixeira, Augusto Barbosa, F. Nakamura, A. Barbosa
Purpose. This study assessed the isometric torque, hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio, and jump performance among three age groups of soccer players. Methods. 67 male players were divided by chronological age into the under-17 (U17: n = 29), under-20 (U20: n = 22), and above-20-year (PRO: n = 16) groups. They performed countermovement (CMJ) and squat (SJ) jumps. Also, maximal isometric contractions during knee flexion and extension for right (R-TOR) and left limb (L-TOR) torque were assessed. Hamstrings-quadriceps (H:Q) and CMJ:SJ ratios were determined. Results. Compared with U17 and U20, PRO showed higher CMJ ( = 20% and 14%; both p < 0.01) and SJ ( = 19% and 13%; p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively), and higher absolute R-TOR and L-TOR during knee extension ( = 40% and 58%; both p < 0.01). PRO exhibited higher absolute L-TOR and R-TOR during knee flexion than U17 ( = 22% and 26%; p = 0.04 and p < 0.01, respectively). Between-group differences were not detected in normalized torque, except for knee extension R-TOR (PRO > U17; p = 0.04). Greater differences for quadriceps absolute torque (effect size: 1.37–1.46) were observed in the hamstrings (effect size: 0.30–0.92) between PRO and U17. No differences were found for any H:Q torque ratio, but moderate effect sizes (0.71–0.75) were verified between PRO and the other groups. No differences were found for CMJ:SJ ratio. Conclusions. PRO players are more powerful than U17 and U20. Differences in strength level between PRO and U17/U20 are muscle-dependent. The larger strength development of quadriceps over hamstrings can result in lower isometric H:Q torque ratio for PRO.
目的。本研究评估了三个年龄组足球运动员的等距扭矩、腘绳肌与股四头肌的比率和跳跃表现。方法:67名男性运动员按年龄分为17岁以下组(U17: n = 29)、20岁以下组(U20: n = 22)和20岁以上组(PRO: n = 16)。他们进行了反动作(CMJ)和蹲跳(SJ)。此外，还评估了膝关节屈伸时右(R-TOR)和左肢体(L-TOR)扭矩的最大等距收缩。测定腘绳肌-股四头肌(H:Q)和CMJ:SJ比值。结果。与U17和U20相比，PRO具有更高的CMJ(分别为20%和14%);p < 0.01)和SJ(分别为19%和13%;p < 0.01和p = 0.02)，膝关节伸展时绝对R-TOR和L-TOR较高(分别为40%和58%;p < 0.01)。PRO在膝关节屈曲时的绝对L-TOR和R-TOR高于U17(分别为22%和26%);P = 0.04和P < 0.01)。除膝关节伸展R-TOR (PRO > U17;P = 0.04)。在PRO和U17之间，腘绳肌绝对扭矩(效应值:0.30-0.92)的差异更大(效应值:1.37-1.46)。任何H:Q扭矩比均未发现差异，但PRO组与其他组之间的效应大小适中(0.71-0.75)。CMJ:SJ比值无差异。结论。职业选手比U17和U20选手更强大。PRO和U17/U20之间的力量水平差异取决于肌肉。股四头肌比腘绳肌更大的力量发展可以导致PRO更低的等距H:Q扭矩比。
{"title":"Isometric knee torque, quadriceps-hamstrings ratio, and jumping parameters in Brazilian soccer players of different age categories","authors":"I. Ferreira, Jefferson Santos, M. Souza, A. Teixeira, Augusto Barbosa, F. Nakamura, A. Barbosa","doi":"10.5114/hm.2022.107972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2022.107972","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. This study assessed the isometric torque, hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio, and jump performance among three age groups of soccer players. Methods. 67 male players were divided by chronological age into the under-17 (U17: n = 29), under-20 (U20: n = 22), and above-20-year (PRO: n = 16) groups. They performed countermovement (CMJ) and squat (SJ) jumps. Also, maximal isometric contractions during knee flexion and extension for right (R-TOR) and left limb (L-TOR) torque were assessed. Hamstrings-quadriceps (H:Q) and CMJ:SJ ratios were determined. Results. Compared with U17 and U20, PRO showed higher CMJ ( = 20% and 14%; both p < 0.01) and SJ ( = 19% and 13%; p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively), and higher absolute R-TOR and L-TOR during knee extension ( = 40% and 58%; both p < 0.01). PRO exhibited higher absolute L-TOR and R-TOR during knee flexion than U17 ( = 22% and 26%; p = 0.04 and p < 0.01, respectively). Between-group differences were not detected in normalized torque, except for knee extension R-TOR (PRO > U17; p = 0.04). Greater differences for quadriceps absolute torque (effect size: 1.37–1.46) were observed in the hamstrings (effect size: 0.30–0.92) between PRO and U17. No differences were found for any H:Q torque ratio, but moderate effect sizes (0.71–0.75) were verified between PRO and the other groups. No differences were found for CMJ:SJ ratio. Conclusions. PRO players are more powerful than U17 and U20. Differences in strength level between PRO and U17/U20 are muscle-dependent. The larger strength development of quadriceps over hamstrings can result in lower isometric H:Q torque ratio for PRO.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71102294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Clemente, Rafael Oliveira, A. Kawczyński, Ana Filipa Silva, Zeki Akyildiz, M. Yıldız, İsa Sağıroğlu
Purpose. This study compares the physiological demands of 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIRT), and VAMEVAL test as related to training and match demands among youth soccer players. Methods. Overall, 12 under-19 male soccer players (18.21 ± 0.34 years old) were monitored over 3 consecutive weeks for heart rate (HR) responses during training sessions and matches. During this period, they were assessed with 30-15IFT, YYIRT, and VAMEVAL. The measures were taken on the same day of the week to ensure replicable conditions between the tests. Results. The Friedman test revealed significant differences in the average HR ( p = 0.006), time in HR zone 3 ( p < 0.001), and time in HR zone 4 ( p = 0.039) between the tests. Considering the representativeness of the tests in comparison with training sessions and matches, both 30-15IFT and VAMEVAL corresponded to 48% and 46% of the training session load 3 days before the match day (936 ± 447 s) and on the match day (831 ± 533 s), respectively. Conclusions. YYIRT imposed greater time exposure to high HR intensities (in the zones of 80–100% of HR maximum) than VAMEVAL and 30-15IFT. Moreover, the multistage fitness tests corresponded to slightly more than half of the time in which a player was exposed to 80% and 100% of HR maximum during a regular training session and match day. These findings may assist coaches in understanding how to incorporate intermittent fitness tests within training in order to accurately replicate HR responses of match conditions.
{"title":"Integrating field-based tests into weekly soccer training sessions: a comparison of physiological demands of three progressive multistage fitness tests and regular training demands","authors":"F. Clemente, Rafael Oliveira, A. Kawczyński, Ana Filipa Silva, Zeki Akyildiz, M. Yıldız, İsa Sağıroğlu","doi":"10.5114/hm.2023.114751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2023.114751","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. This study compares the physiological demands of 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIRT), and VAMEVAL test as related to training and match demands among youth soccer players. Methods. Overall, 12 under-19 male soccer players (18.21 ± 0.34 years old) were monitored over 3 consecutive weeks for heart rate (HR) responses during training sessions and matches. During this period, they were assessed with 30-15IFT, YYIRT, and VAMEVAL. The measures were taken on the same day of the week to ensure replicable conditions between the tests. Results. The Friedman test revealed significant differences in the average HR ( p = 0.006), time in HR zone 3 ( p < 0.001), and time in HR zone 4 ( p = 0.039) between the tests. Considering the representativeness of the tests in comparison with training sessions and matches, both 30-15IFT and VAMEVAL corresponded to 48% and 46% of the training session load 3 days before the match day (936 ± 447 s) and on the match day (831 ± 533 s), respectively. Conclusions. YYIRT imposed greater time exposure to high HR intensities (in the zones of 80–100% of HR maximum) than VAMEVAL and 30-15IFT. Moreover, the multistage fitness tests corresponded to slightly more than half of the time in which a player was exposed to 80% and 100% of HR maximum during a regular training session and match day. These findings may assist coaches in understanding how to incorporate intermittent fitness tests within training in order to accurately replicate HR responses of match conditions.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71104271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan-Paul Jelmer De Jong, Fabio Giuliano Caetano, Laura Maria Saskia De Jong, Vitor Panula da Silva, Murilo José de Oliveira Bueno, P. R. Pereira Santiago, L. H. Palucci Vieira, F. Nakamura, Felipe Arruda Moura
Purpose. this study aimed to investigate the influence of the outfield goalkeeper game situation on the running performance of teammates and opponent players during professional futsal matches. Methods. the movement trajectories of 126 professional players during 6 official matches were analysed with a videobased tracking system (30 Hz). Distance covered and percentage of distance covered in different speed ranges were calculated to identify differences per team and per sub-phase of the game (traditional vs. outfield goalkeeper situation). Results. the teammates of the outfield goalkeeper spent a higher percentage of the distance covered in the standing and walking speed range (36.27 ± 15.38%) compared with the teammates of the traditional goalkeeper (31.44 ± 7.74%). the outfield goalkeeper spent a smaller percentage of the distance covered in the standing and walking range (41.13 ± 10.86% vs. 80.77 ± 4.30%) and a higher percentage in the lowand medium-intensity running range (31.59 ± 5.59% vs. 15.07 ± 2.74% and 14.33 ± 3.90% vs. 2.50 ± 1.19%, respectively), as well as covered a greater distance (77.41 ± 16.00 m/min) than the traditional goalkeeper (33.81 ± 3.66 m/min). Conclusions. these findings provide coaches with a background concerning the requirements during the outfield goalkeeper situation as guidelines for final exercises in training sessions.
{"title":"The influence of the futsal outfield goalkeeper on players running performance","authors":"Jan-Paul Jelmer De Jong, Fabio Giuliano Caetano, Laura Maria Saskia De Jong, Vitor Panula da Silva, Murilo José de Oliveira Bueno, P. R. Pereira Santiago, L. H. Palucci Vieira, F. Nakamura, Felipe Arruda Moura","doi":"10.5114/hm.2022.107977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2022.107977","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. this study aimed to investigate the influence of the outfield goalkeeper game situation on the running performance of teammates and opponent players during professional futsal matches. Methods. the movement trajectories of 126 professional players during 6 official matches were analysed with a videobased tracking system (30 Hz). Distance covered and percentage of distance covered in different speed ranges were calculated to identify differences per team and per sub-phase of the game (traditional vs. outfield goalkeeper situation). Results. the teammates of the outfield goalkeeper spent a higher percentage of the distance covered in the standing and walking speed range (36.27 ± 15.38%) compared with the teammates of the traditional goalkeeper (31.44 ± 7.74%). the outfield goalkeeper spent a smaller percentage of the distance covered in the standing and walking range (41.13 ± 10.86% vs. 80.77 ± 4.30%) and a higher percentage in the lowand medium-intensity running range (31.59 ± 5.59% vs. 15.07 ± 2.74% and 14.33 ± 3.90% vs. 2.50 ± 1.19%, respectively), as well as covered a greater distance (77.41 ± 16.00 m/min) than the traditional goalkeeper (33.81 ± 3.66 m/min). Conclusions. these findings provide coaches with a background concerning the requirements during the outfield goalkeeper situation as guidelines for final exercises in training sessions.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71102200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Leme, Cristiane Regina Coelho Candido, Vitor Nascimento, J. Dascal, V. H. Okazaki
Purpose. The Unstable Platform for Balance Analysis (UP-balance) has been used in several studies to evaluate different situations of balance and constraints. However, the reliability of its measurements has not been analysed yet. Therefore, the present study investigated the reliability of the measures provided by UP-balance in young adults in bipedal posture with and without vision. Methods. For such analysis, 30 young adults, male and female (mean age: 22.9 years; SD = 3.8 years), performed 3 attempts of the task which consisted in maintaining balance on an UP-balance on a bipedal base for 20 seconds, with and without visual information, with perturbations in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions. Results. The UP-balance variables presented high inter-trial reliability (Icc > 0.76; p < 0.05), except for balance time in the anterior-posterior direction and non-vision condition, which exhibited moderate inter-trial reliability (Icc = 0.73; p < 0.05). Conclusions. UP-balance seemed to be a reliable instrument for the analysis of balance in situations of instability on a base support.
{"title":"The reliability of measures provided by the Unstable Platform for Balance Analysis in young adults with and without visual information","authors":"J. Leme, Cristiane Regina Coelho Candido, Vitor Nascimento, J. Dascal, V. H. Okazaki","doi":"10.5114/hm.2022.107978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2022.107978","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The Unstable Platform for Balance Analysis (UP-balance) has been used in several studies to evaluate different situations of balance and constraints. However, the reliability of its measurements has not been analysed yet. Therefore, the present study investigated the reliability of the measures provided by UP-balance in young adults in bipedal posture with and without vision. Methods. For such analysis, 30 young adults, male and female (mean age: 22.9 years; SD = 3.8 years), performed 3 attempts of the task which consisted in maintaining balance on an UP-balance on a bipedal base for 20 seconds, with and without visual information, with perturbations in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions. Results. The UP-balance variables presented high inter-trial reliability (Icc > 0.76; p < 0.05), except for balance time in the anterior-posterior direction and non-vision condition, which exhibited moderate inter-trial reliability (Icc = 0.73; p < 0.05). Conclusions. UP-balance seemed to be a reliable instrument for the analysis of balance in situations of instability on a base support.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71102264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikolaos Chrysagis, George A. Koumantakis, Georgios Theotokatos, E. Skordilis
Purpose. the study aim was to examine the effects of a 10-week school-based strengthening program on walking and stair-climbing ability of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy. Methods. Overall, 35 participants, aged 12–19 years, were classified in 3 levels in accordance with the Gross Motor Function Classification System and randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. the experimental group participated in a 10-week progressive resistance exercise program during the adapted physical education class and performed functional strength exercises (sit-to-stand, lateral and front step-up), with a frequency of 3 times per week. the experimental and control groups continued their usual care at school regarding physical therapy and/or occupational therapy. Stair-climbing ability was assessed with the timed Up and Down Stairs test and walking ability was evaluated with the 10-m walk test and the 1-minute walk test. Results. there was a significant between-group improvement for stair-climbing ability favouring the intervention group ( F = 6.519, p = 0.016, 2 = 0.169), whereas walking ability as assessed with the 10-m walk test and the 1-minute walk test remained unchanged. Conclusions. A functional strengthening program administered in adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy may positively influence their stair-climbing ability, without any adverse effects.
目的。这项研究的目的是检查一个为期10周的以学校为基础的强化计划对患有脑瘫的青少年和年轻人行走和爬楼梯能力的影响。方法。根据大肌肉运动功能分类系统，将35名年龄在12-19岁的参与者分为3个级别，随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组在适应体育课期间参加为期10周的渐进式阻力训练计划，进行功能性力量练习(坐立、侧举、前举)，频率为每周3次。实验组和对照组继续他们在学校的常规护理，包括物理治疗和/或职业治疗。采用定时上下楼梯测试评估爬楼梯能力，采用10米步行测试和1分钟步行测试评估步行能力。结果。干预组在爬楼梯能力方面有显著改善(F = 6.519, p = 0.016, 2 = 0.169)，而10米步行测试和1分钟步行测试评估的步行能力保持不变。结论。对患有脑瘫的青少年和青壮年实施的功能强化计划可能会对他们爬楼梯的能力产生积极的影响，而不会产生任何不良反应。
{"title":"The effects of a strengthening program on walking and stair-climbing ability of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Nikolaos Chrysagis, George A. Koumantakis, Georgios Theotokatos, E. Skordilis","doi":"10.5114/hm.2022.111177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2022.111177","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. the study aim was to examine the effects of a 10-week school-based strengthening program on walking and stair-climbing ability of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy. Methods. Overall, 35 participants, aged 12–19 years, were classified in 3 levels in accordance with the Gross Motor Function Classification System and randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. the experimental group participated in a 10-week progressive resistance exercise program during the adapted physical education class and performed functional strength exercises (sit-to-stand, lateral and front step-up), with a frequency of 3 times per week. the experimental and control groups continued their usual care at school regarding physical therapy and/or occupational therapy. Stair-climbing ability was assessed with the timed Up and Down Stairs test and walking ability was evaluated with the 10-m walk test and the 1-minute walk test. Results. there was a significant between-group improvement for stair-climbing ability favouring the intervention group ( F = 6.519, p = 0.016, 2 = 0.169), whereas walking ability as assessed with the 10-m walk test and the 1-minute walk test remained unchanged. Conclusions. A functional strengthening program administered in adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy may positively influence their stair-climbing ability, without any adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71103394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adriano Lima Alves, Igor Soalheiro, João Gustavo Claudino, Gerson Oliveira Rocha, D. Boullosa, André Jafeth Alves, E. Pimenta
Purpose. Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC) are characterized by intense pain and involuntary contractions of a single muscle or muscle group. While EAMCs may occur during and after exercise, their precise aetiology remains unknown. However, there are some potential risk factors, as the workload of physical training previously performed. The purpose of this case report was to evaluate the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations in a professional soccer player to verify the potential influence of recent training history on an extreme EAMC episode and subsequent muscle damage. Methods. A 21-year-old professional soccer player (body fat: 6.5%; body mass: 76 kg; height: 1.76 m) who experienced an extreme EAMC episode after the end of an official soccer match was monitored with session rating of perceived exertion before and after the EAMC episode and with post-match CK concentrations. Results. ACWR revealed several spikes on the days before the match, with the highest one observed on the match day. The CK concentrations recorded 35 and 53 hours after the EAMC episode were 262% and 182% higher, respectively, than the maximal CK concentrations recorded during the season (703 U/l). Conclusions. This case report illustrates, for the first time, how workload spikes, monitored with ACWR, preceded an extreme EAMC episode that was followed by an exacerbated muscle damage response. Some insights are provided in this case report for practitioners working in professional soccer to help them better manage similar cases.
{"title":"Exercise-associated muscle cramps and creatine kinase responses after workload spikes in a professional soccer player: a case study","authors":"Adriano Lima Alves, Igor Soalheiro, João Gustavo Claudino, Gerson Oliveira Rocha, D. Boullosa, André Jafeth Alves, E. Pimenta","doi":"10.5114/hm.2023.111549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2023.111549","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC) are characterized by intense pain and involuntary contractions of a single muscle or muscle group. While EAMCs may occur during and after exercise, their precise aetiology remains unknown. However, there are some potential risk factors, as the workload of physical training previously performed. The purpose of this case report was to evaluate the acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations in a professional soccer player to verify the potential influence of recent training history on an extreme EAMC episode and subsequent muscle damage. Methods. A 21-year-old professional soccer player (body fat: 6.5%; body mass: 76 kg; height: 1.76 m) who experienced an extreme EAMC episode after the end of an official soccer match was monitored with session rating of perceived exertion before and after the EAMC episode and with post-match CK concentrations. Results. ACWR revealed several spikes on the days before the match, with the highest one observed on the match day. The CK concentrations recorded 35 and 53 hours after the EAMC episode were 262% and 182% higher, respectively, than the maximal CK concentrations recorded during the season (703 U/l). Conclusions. This case report illustrates, for the first time, how workload spikes, monitored with ACWR, preceded an extreme EAMC episode that was followed by an exacerbated muscle damage response. Some insights are provided in this case report for practitioners working in professional soccer to help them better manage similar cases.","PeriodicalId":35354,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71103986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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