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Journal of Foodservice Business Research最新文献

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The barriers and enablers affecting innovation in hotel gastronomy and its impact on performance 影响酒店美食创新的障碍和推动因素及其对绩效的影响
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1080/15378020.2023.2275513
Tomás F. Espino-Rodríguez, Ana Verónica Berdejo-Fariña
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引用次数: 0
An exploratory study of daily deal sites and its impact on consumers’ impulse buying behavior – application of the technology acceptance model 团购网站及其对消费者冲动购买行为影响的探索性研究——技术接受模型的应用
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/15378020.2023.2259783
Sungpo Yi
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引用次数: 0
An analysis of the factors influencing sustainable online food delivery 影响可持续在线送餐的因素分析
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/15378020.2023.2272550
Arjun Krishna, Mithun Suresh, Rohith Sankar P, Mohit V Shah, Anbuudayasankar SP, M.S. Narassima, M. Thenarasu
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引用次数: 0
Factors influencing QSR guests’ acceptance of robotic technology 影响QSR客人接受机器人技术的因素
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/15378020.2023.2265795
Dina Marie Zemke, Carola Raab, Wenjia Han
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引用次数: 0
What motives U.S. restaurant customers to choose plant-based meat alternative dishes? 美国餐馆顾客选择植物性肉类替代菜肴的动机是什么?
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1080/15378020.2023.2271297
Yeon Ho Shin, Seung Eun Jung, Haemi Kim, Jinyoung Im, Hhye Won Shin, Savannah Wilson
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to examine how different consumption values influence consumer intentions to choose a dish featuring plant-based meat alternatives at a restaurant by applying the theory of consumption values. The present study also investigates the mediating role of attitude in the relationships between values and consumer intentions. Responses were collected through the Qualtrics panel service and structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data. The results, based on a total of 682 usable panel responses, indicate that emotional and epistemic values acted as significant driving forces, directly promoting consumers’ intention. Attitude was aroused by distinctive, functional, emotional, and conditional values and in turn, significantly impacted intention. Furthermore, it was found that attitude fully mediated the relationship between conditional value and intention. The results offer useful implications for restaurants that offer menus with plant-based meat alternatives.KEYWORDS: Plant-based meat alternativestheory of consumption valueconsumer behavioral intentionrestaurant consumer attitude Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
摘要本研究旨在运用消费价值理论,探讨不同的消费价值观如何影响消费者在餐厅选择植物性肉类替代品的意愿。本研究还探讨了态度在价值观与消费者意向关系中的中介作用。通过Qualtrics面板服务收集反馈,并采用结构方程模型对数据进行分析。基于682个可用的面板回答的结果表明,情感和认知价值是重要的驱动力,直接促进了消费者的意愿。态度被独特价值、功能价值、情感价值和条件价值所激发,进而显著影响意向。此外,态度在条件价值与意向的关系中起完全中介作用。研究结果为那些提供植物性肉类替代品的餐馆提供了有用的启示。关键词:植物性肉类替代品;消费价值理论;消费者行为意向;餐馆消费者态度;
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the interaction effects of Halal label and green label by price on the purchase intention of Halal organic food 通过价格调查清真标签和绿色标签对清真有机食品购买意愿的交互作用
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/15378020.2023.2265797
Manijeh Bahrainizad, Fateme Abedini
ABSTRACTThe increase in demand for Halal and green foods, which is the inclination of their final costs, has highlighted the need to scrutinize the pricing for these products. This study aims to measure the effect of differences in price levels, Halal label, and green label on the purchase intention of Halal organic food. The present study is an experimental study. As a between-subject study, the experiment is 2 (price level: high vs. low) × 2 (green label: green vs. non-green) × 2 (Halal label: Halal vs. non-Halal). The findings indicated that the difference between price levels of the Halal/non-Halal pair leads to a difference in the intention to purchase. Furthermore, the difference between price levels of the green/non-green feature leads to a difference in the intention to purchase. As a result, price, Halal, and green label interact with the purchase intention of Halal organic food. Business owners and marketers could employ the findings of this research in determining the appropriate price levels of products with differing green and Halal features to improve the purchase intention of potential customers. This is the first study to examine the effect of price on green and halal products.KEYWORDS: PricingHalal labelgreen labelHalal organic food Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
【摘要】对清真食品和绿色食品需求的增加,是其最终成本的倾向,突出了审查这些产品定价的必要性。本研究旨在衡量价格水平、清真标签和绿色标签的差异对清真有机食品购买意愿的影响。本研究为实验性研究。作为受试者间研究,实验为2(价格水平:高与低)× 2(绿色标签:绿色与非绿色)× 2(清真标签:清真与非清真)。调查结果表明,清真/非清真食品价格水平的差异导致了购买意愿的差异。此外,绿色/非绿色特征的价格水平差异导致了购买意愿的差异。因此,价格、清真和绿色标签与清真有机食品的购买意愿相互作用。企业所有者和营销人员可以利用这项研究的结果来确定具有不同绿色和清真特征的产品的适当价格水平,以提高潜在客户的购买意愿。这是第一个研究价格对绿色和清真产品影响的研究。关键词:定价清真标签绿色标签清真有机食品披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突
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引用次数: 0
Business model shift in independent restaurant operation: the COVID-19 impacts 独立餐厅经营的商业模式转变:COVID-19的影响
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1080/15378020.2023.2264883
Robert Laporte, Nelson Théberge, Sophie Veilleux
ABSTRACTRestaurant operators adapted their business practices and concepts during the COVID-19. The aim of this research is to identify the transformation of key components of independent restaurant business models. We used a reference framework comprising three key variables—Process, People and Profit—used to distinguish the influence of fast failure concept and the necessary adaptation of the traditional revenue model. The impact of this crisis on their business models and the decisions on which some practices are grounded have allowed us to review traditional processes and assess their relevance. This research is based on 10 interviews with restaurant operators located in various regions of Québec (Canada). The results show that, in this period of insecurity shared by customers and restaurant operators, processes were the components most affected by this upheaval. These processes were characterized by sharing of responsibilities among team members, speed of deployment of tests, and the importance of three elements: partners with multidisciplinary skills, stakeholders, and financial performance centered on profit margins instead of the usual volume aspect. Organic adaptation centered on experimentation and mutual adjustment of resources are what characterized an emergent form of business model in the restaurant industry.KEYWORDS: COVID-19business modelpivotindependent restaurant AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Jean-Charles Marin, PhD, Alain Girard, PhD, both professors at ITHQ and Ivan Luciano Avaca, Research Advisor Senior Directorate of Academic Studies and Research at ITHQ, whose sharp advice allowed us to strengthen the structure of the article and to criticize our reflections to refine the study’s contribution. We would like to thank, all the business managers who participated in this study. Also, special thanks to Institute (ITHQ) and CRSH for allowing resources for this research. For further information, please correspond with the authors at robert.laporte@ithq.qc.caDisclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. See Appendix 1 – Coding Table2. See Appendix 2 – Certificat d’approbation éthique.Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada(SSHRC).
在2019冠状病毒病期间,餐厅经营者调整了他们的业务实践和理念。本研究的目的是确定独立餐厅经营模式的关键组成部分的转变。我们使用了一个包含三个关键变量的参考框架——流程、人员和利润——来区分快速失效概念的影响和传统收益模型的必要调整。这场危机对他们的商业模式的影响,以及一些实践所依据的决策,使我们能够审查传统流程,并评估它们的相关性。这项研究是基于对加拿大魁省不同地区的餐馆经营者的10次访谈。结果表明,在顾客和餐厅经营者共同感到不安全的时期,流程是受这种剧变影响最大的组成部分。这些过程的特点是在团队成员之间分担责任,测试部署的速度,以及三个要素的重要性:具有多学科技能的合作伙伴,涉众,以及以利润为中心的财务表现,而不是通常的数量方面。以实验和资源相互调整为核心的有机适应是餐饮业新兴的一种商业模式。关键词:COVID-19business modelpivotindependent餐厅AcknowledgementsWe要感谢租用马林,博士,阿兰•吉拉德,博士ITHQ教授和伊万卢西亚诺Avaca研究顾问ITHQ高级理事会的学术研究和研究其锋利的建议使我们加强文章的结构和批评我们的倒影细化研究的贡献。我们要感谢所有参与本次研究的业务经理。同时,特别感谢研究所(ITHQ)和CRSH为这项研究提供资源。欲了解更多信息,请与作者联系:robert.laporte@ithq.qc.caDisclosure声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。见附录1 -编码表2。见附录2 -批准证书。本研究得到了加拿大社会科学与人文研究理事会(SSHRC)的支持。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of using food influencers on consumer purchase intention with attitude toward influencers as mediator 食品影响者对消费者购买意愿的影响,对影响者的态度为中介
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-24 DOI: 10.1080/15378020.2023.2261831
Mai Ngoc Tran
ABSTRACTSocial media influencers have cemented their place as pivotal elements within the broader marketing matrix, gaining recognition from corporate entities and academic circles. Notwithstanding, scholarly discourse on this phenomenon remains somewhat underdeveloped, requiring more comprehensive studies. This study is conducted to identify the main factors affecting consumers’ attitudes toward influencers and the impact of attitudes toward purchase intention. The population in this study is 333 university students in Hanoi following food influencers. The data analysis method used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SPSS & AMOS 22 program. The results reveal that various factors, such as trust, social attractiveness, specialization, experience, and perceived usefulness, significantly influence consumers’ attitudes. Customers’ attitudes, perceived usefulness, and credibility significantly influence consumers’ purchase intention. The research results will be helpful to businesses as well as individuals in understanding consumer behavior, thereby improving marketing and service strategies and attracting more potential customers.KEYWORDS: Social mediainfluencerfood industrypurchase intention AcknowledgementsThe author gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the Banking Academy of Vietnam. The author is thankful to the dedicated students from the Banking Academy of Vietnam for their invaluable help with survey distribution and data collection (Hien Le, Thao Pham, Hoang Dang, Hoa Vu, Thuong Ha).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Ethical approval and consentAll participants were informed about the purpose of the research, their participation was voluntary, and they were assured that their responses would remain confidential and be used solely for the purpose of this study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.Additional informationFundingThis study is funded and approved by the Banking Academy of Vietnam under Research Working Group NCM.04/2023.
社交媒体影响者已经巩固了他们在更广泛的营销矩阵中的关键元素地位,获得了企业实体和学术界的认可。然而,关于这一现象的学术论述仍不发达,需要更全面的研究。本研究旨在找出影响消费者对网红态度的主要因素,以及态度对购买意愿的影响。本研究的人群是333名河内的大学生,他们关注的是食物影响者。本研究使用的数据分析方法是结构方程模型(SEM),使用SPSS和AMOS 22程序。结果表明,信任、社会吸引力、专业化、经验和感知有用性等因素显著影响消费者的态度。顾客态度、感知有用性和可信度显著影响消费者的购买意愿。研究结果将有助于企业和个人了解消费者的行为,从而改进营销和服务策略,吸引更多的潜在客户。关键词:社交媒体影响力食品行业购买意向感谢作者感谢越南银行学院的资金支持。作者感谢越南银行学院的学生在调查分发和数据收集方面提供的宝贵帮助(Hien Le, Thao Pham, Hoang Dang, Hoa Vu, Thuong Ha)。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。所有的参与者都被告知了研究的目的,他们的参与是自愿的,他们被保证他们的回答将被保密,并且仅用于本研究的目的。获得了所有参与者的知情同意。本研究由越南银行学院在研究工作组NCM.04/2023下资助和批准。
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引用次数: 0
Cumulative information on quality and willingness to pay: a study on wine evaluation 品质累积资讯与购买意愿:葡萄酒评鉴研究
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/15378020.2023.2259315
Francesco Angelini, Massimiliano Castellani, Massimo Ventrucci
ABSTRACTAvailability of information about a good with uncertain quality can influence the way consumers perceive its quality, hence, their willingness to pay (WTP) for it. We present a study to investigate whether and to what extent WTP is impacted by the degree of information available to consumers who are exposed first to extrinsic and then intrinsic information regarding a variety of Italian wines. We implement linear mixed models in a Bayesian framework, which provides a flexible tool to account for different sources of heterogeneity, e.g. correlation within groups of observations and spatial correlation between participants sitting nearby. Based on data collected in Italy, results show that the availability of extrinsic and intrinsic information yields relevant changes in WTP, but this effect also depends on age, gender, drinking habits, wine quality, and connoisseurship of the agents. According to the findings, the analyzed wines cannot be considered search goods, although this might not hold for more experienced consumers.KEYWORDS: Wine qualitywillingness to paylinear mixed modelinformation asymmetryINLA Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Ethical statementThe participants to the study had to book it (for free) on a website, knowing that they would have been part of a data collection process and to a wine tasting event, with an expert speaking. During the event, they got to know that their data will be used for a statistical analysis. They were able to leave the event whenever they wanted.Supplementary dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2023.2259315Notes1. Though in literature it is unclear which good characteristics consumers find most relevant to evaluate its quality, consumers’ quality perception is modeled within several contexts such as marketing, psychology, business, and economics. For instance, within the economic literature, theoretical foundations of the approach based on the characteristics of the good have been provided by Lancaster (Citation1966), Muth (Citation1966), and Becker (Citation1965), and this approach has been empirically tested in several studies using hedonic techniques (e.g., Muellbauer, Citation1974).2. A search good is a good whose quality can be evaluated by the consumer before its consumption (Stigler, Citation1961). An experience good is a good whose quality can only be evaluated by the consumer after its consumption (Nelson, Citation1970). A credence good is a good whose characteristics cannot be evaluated by the consumer even after its consumption, and the evaluation of its quality requires further information that could be costly to obtain and can be collected from experts (Darby & Karni, Citation1973).3. Similar to the market for lemons (Akerlof, Citation1970), the negative effect of (ex-ante) asymmetric information is due to the adverse selection mechanism, whereby an agent who possesses more i
摘要对于质量不确定的商品,其信息的可获得性会影响消费者对其质量的感知,从而影响他们的购买意愿(WTP)。我们提出了一项研究,调查WTP是否以及在多大程度上受到消费者可获得的信息程度的影响,这些消费者首先接触到有关各种意大利葡萄酒的外在信息,然后是内在信息。我们在贝叶斯框架中实现了线性混合模型,它提供了一个灵活的工具来解释不同的异质性来源,例如观察组内的相关性和坐在附近的参与者之间的空间相关性。根据在意大利收集的数据,结果表明外在和内在信息的可用性会产生WTP的相关变化,但这种影响还取决于代理人的年龄、性别、饮酒习惯、葡萄酒质量和鉴赏力。根据调查结果,被分析的葡萄酒不能被认为是搜索商品,尽管这可能不适用于更有经验的消费者。关键词:葡萄酒质量;支付意愿;线性混合模型;信息不对称;道德声明研究的参与者必须在网站上预订(免费),他们知道他们将参与数据收集过程和品酒活动,并有专家发言。在活动期间,他们知道他们的数据将被用于统计分析。他们可以随时离开会场。本文的补充数据可以在线访问https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2023.2259315Notes1。虽然在文献中还不清楚消费者认为哪些好特征与评估其质量最相关,但消费者的质量感知是在营销、心理学、商业和经济学等几个背景下建立的。例如,在经济学文献中,基于商品特征的方法的理论基础已经由兰开斯特(Citation1966)、穆特(Citation1966)和贝克尔(Citation1965)提供,并且这种方法已经在一些使用享乐技术的研究中得到了实证检验(例如,Muellbauer, Citation1974)。搜索商品是一种商品,其质量可以由消费者在消费之前进行评估(Stigler, Citation1961)。体验品是一种只有消费者消费后才能评价其质量的商品(Nelson, Citation1970)。信用商品是消费者即使在消费后也无法评估其特征的商品,对其质量的评估需要进一步的信息,这些信息可能是昂贵的,可以从专家那里收集(Darby & Karni, Citation1973)。与柠檬市场类似(Akerlof, Citation1970),(事前)信息不对称的负面影响是由于逆向选择机制,即一个比其他人拥有更多关于商品质量信息的代理人利用他的信息优势而损害他人。以前的文献也研究了信息对餐馆WTP的影响。例如,研究人员已经探索了消费者如何从物理环境和民族真实性等线索推断食品质量,正如Lin和Jiang的工作所证明的那样(Citation2022)。同样,食物呈现等因素也会影响人们的认知,正如Kuo和Barber (Citation2014)对所使用餐具材料的调查所表明的那样。此外,美食产品的吸引力和熟人在塑造消费者的WTP中也发挥了作用(Gupta等人,Citation2022)。不确定性的存在超出了质量范畴,还涉及消费体验的其他方面,包括安全和健康方面的考虑。Belarmino和Repetti (Citation2022)的研究强调了这一点,该研究确定了COVID-19大流行期间在餐厅环境中使用口罩的影响。前者是产品不可分割的一部分,如颜色;后者是产品的外部,如品牌和包装。信息可能来自各种外部影响,如营销活动,这些影响随后会影响消费者的WTP。例如,Remar等人(Citation2016)证明,当地食品营销在影响消费者的WTP方面发挥了重要作用,从而影响了他们对当地食品的购买选择。实验拍卖是一种非假设估价的形式,而实验室和现场实验是测量WTP的其他形式的实验方法。例如,参见Lusk (Citation2003)、Huffman等人(Citation2003)、Didier和Lucie (Citation2008)以及De Groote等人(Citation2011)。关于WTP测量方法的综述,见Breidert et al. (Citation2006)。
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引用次数: 0
Seeing red: color effects on restaurant tipping may not be as significant as thought 看到红色:颜色对餐馆小费的影响可能没有想象的那么大
Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1080/15378020.2023.2260276
Kenneth Gourlay, Zachary W. Brewster
ABSTRACTPrevious research found that female restaurant servers displaying the color red, either on their lips or shirts, tended to receive higher tips from their male patrons, in theory because the color red is thought to enhance perceptions of sexual attractiveness. This study reports findings from two survey experiments that were administered to a sample of MTurk workers to test the causal process linking red lipstick and, alternatively, a red face mask with customers’ tips. We are not able to replicate the previously observed red lipstick effect on customers’ tipping practices, although some evidence for the underlying attraction-based theory is offered. The findings related to red masks suggest that red masks are not equivalent to red lips and more closely align with alternate theories suggesting that clothing color may signal competence or professionalism rather than attractiveness.KEYWORDS: TippingmaskCOVID-19restaurantcustomer servicetipping motives AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank anonymous reviewers for JFBR and David Merolla for helpful feedback on earlier drafts of this manuscript.Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1. This study was performed with approval from the Wayne State University Institutional Review Board (IRB-20-12-3056). In lieu of written documentation of consent, to better preserve anonymity, participants were informed of the procedures, intent of the study, and potential risks at the very beginning of the survey with an information sheet and will be asked to indicate their agreement to participate in the study by clicking “I agree to participate”.2. Workers were requested from the MTurk platform who reside in the U.S. Worker screening on the MTurk platform includes validating worker identity for tax purposes. Respondents were further asked at the end of the survey to report the state wherein they currently reside, and “I do not live in the United States” was an option in the dropdown menu. None reported that they do not live in the United States.3. Of 1642 participants recruited, 1524 completed the survey. Of these, 96 were excluded because of missing data on the analyzed variables (including 7 who did not report their sex as either male or female). An additional 113 were excluded on the basis of outlying tip amounts. While the decision to exclude so many outlying cases was difficult, we chose the cutoff of 55% based on two factors. First, higher tips (both in dollar value and in percent) appeared increasingly random and less principled. For example, a large number of cases had tips reported around 100% of the bill amount, which suggests that respondents may not have understood the question and were reporting the bill amount rather than a tip. We also saw many very high tips of exactly $10 or $20, suggesting that those respondents may not have give
【摘要】先前的研究发现,女性餐厅服务员在嘴唇或衬衫上涂上红色,往往会从男顾客那里得到更高的小费,因为理论上,红色被认为能增强对性吸引力的感知。这项研究报告了两项调查实验的结果,这两项实验对土耳其工人进行了抽样调查,以测试红色口红和红色口罩与顾客小费之间的因果关系。我们无法复制之前观察到的红色口红对顾客小费行为的影响,尽管我们提供了一些证据来支持潜在的基于吸引力的理论。与红色面具相关的研究结果表明,红色面具并不等同于红唇,这与另一种理论更接近,即衣服的颜色可能表明能力或专业精神,而不是吸引力。作者要感谢JFBR和David Merolla的匿名审稿人对本文早期草稿的有用反馈。利益冲突声明作者没有相关的经济或非经济利益需要披露。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。本研究已获得韦恩州立大学机构审查委员会(IRB-20-12-3056)的批准。为了更好地保护匿名性,在调查开始时,参与者被告知程序、研究意图和潜在风险,并被要求通过点击“我同意参与”来表明他们同意参与研究。MTurk平台要求居住在美国的工人在MTurk平台上进行工人筛选,包括验证工人的税务身份。在调查结束时,受访者被进一步要求报告他们目前居住的州,“我不住在美国”是下拉菜单中的一个选项。没有人说他们不住在美国。在被招募的1642名参与者中,1524人完成了调查。其中,96人因缺少分析变量的数据而被排除在外(包括7名未报告性别为男性或女性的人)。另有113人因小费数额过高而被排除在外。虽然很难决定排除这么多的例外情况,但我们基于两个因素选择了55%的截止值。首先,更高的小费(无论是金额还是百分比)似乎越来越随机,越来越缺乏原则。例如,很多情况下,报告的小费大约是账单金额的100%,这表明受访者可能没有理解问题,他们报告的是账单金额而不是小费。我们还看到许多人给的小费非常高,正好是10美元或20美元,这表明这些受访者可能没有过多考虑给小费的数额或理由。其次,如果我们选择的截止值比我们所选择的高得多,那么倾斜百分比分布的偏度和峰度值就会太大,无法假设为正态分布,并且会使任何统计评估变得越来越困难。我们评估了15个实验条件下遗漏案例的均匀分布(皮尔逊卡方= 20.825,p = 0.106),并且作为稳健性测试,我们在样本中估计了我们的模型,其中包括由于可疑的小费金额而从主要分析中遗漏的案例。这些模型的结果并没有改变我们从主要分析中得出的实质性结论。https://stock.adobe.com/license-terms5。gusamguen和Jacob (Citation2012)在他们的样本中只包括女性服务员和男性顾客。模型4旨在确定特定于我们样本子集的效应。作为一个额外的测试,我们还在我们的样本中估计了一个直接模型,在隔离男性顾客和女性服务员的情况下;同样,两者之间也没有明显的联系。虽然我们的男服务员在一般情况下被认为红唇不那么有吸引力,这一发现在早期文献或我们的假设中并没有特别预测到,但它并不矛盾。由于只有一个男性模型,这项研究无法对男性唇色做出概括的结论;然而,未来的研究可以探索这一现象,看看这一发现是否适用于一般男性。对于男服务员来说,红唇颜色通过吸引对小费的间接负面影响在94%的置信水平上是显著的。对于女服务员,正间接效应显著,置信度达90%。此外,由于这些影响是反向作用的,服务器性别明显地调节了这种关系(被调节中介的指数= 0.9240,BootLLCI为0.0606,BootLLCI为2.0233)。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Foodservice Business Research
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