Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture最新文献

{"title":"IN MEMORY OF THE EXCELLENT SCIENTIST-BIOLOGIST, PROFESSOR STEPAN STEPANOVYCH KOSTYSHYN","authors":"Василь Дмитрович Шинкарук","doi":"10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-140-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-140-142","url":null,"abstract":"On April 12, 2022, at the age of 91, the heart of the world-famous biologist, doctor of biological sciences, professor, honored worker of science and technology of Ukraine, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, full member of the Academy of Engineering and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, honorary doctor Saskatchewan University of Canada. Honorary Doctor of the University of Suceava \"Stefan cel Mare\" (Romania), Honorary Citizen of Chernivtsi and Lock Haven (USA), ex-rector of Chernivtsi Yuriy Fedkovych National University Stepan Stepanovych Kostyshyn. Stepan Stepanovych was born on February 7, 1932 in the village of Zvynyach, Chortkiv district, Ternopil region. The development of ecology and physiology of plants both in Ukraine and abroad is closely connected with his name. The main part of Stepan Stepanovych Kostyshyn's biography is connected with Chernivtsi National University. In 1955 he graduated from the Faculty of Biology of Chernivtsi State University (CSU). From 1961 to 1964 he studied in graduate school at the Department of Plant Physiology, in 1965 he defended his dissertation and worked as a lecturer at the Faculty of Biology. From 1972 to 1987 Stepan Stepanovych Kostyshyn worked as Vice-Rector for Research. In 1985 S.S. Kostyshyn defended his doctoral dissertation, and a year later received the academic title of professor. From 1987 to 2001, Stepan Stepanovych Kostyshyn was the rector of the CSU, and then of the Chernivtsi Yuriy Fedkovych National University. For more than 30 years he headed the departments - first biochemistry, and since 2002 - ecology and biomonitoring. Under his leadership, 19 PhD and 3 doctoral dissertations were defended, more than 300 scientific articles, 3 monographs, a number of textbooks stamped by the Ministry of Education and Science were published, 6 patents and certificates for inventions were obtained. S.S. Kostyshyn was one of the founders of the All-Union “Plant Genome” School. Stepan Kostyshyn was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, the Order of Merit of the III (1997) and II (2000) degrees for his significant personal contribution to the training of highly qualified specialists, long-term fruitful research, pedagogical and organizational activities.","PeriodicalId":353923,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115078804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF I. CHERNYAKHOVSKY PARK IN UMAN, CHERKASY REGION AND PROPOSALS FOR ITS RESTORATION","authors":"І.М. Пушка","doi":"10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-116-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-116-121","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an analysis of the dendrological composition, spatial and phytocenotic structure of the plantations of I. Chernyakhovsky park in Uman, Cherkasy region. During plantation inventory in the park were found 18 taxa of trees, 2 species of shrubs and 3 species of perennial flowering plants. The dendrological structure of the park is mainly represented by the genera Aceraceae (17,1 %), Tiliaceae (17,6 %), Rosaceae (4,8 %), Hippocastanaceae (1,7 %), the share of other genera is insignificant. The main tree species in the groups are Aesculus hippocastanum L. The accompanying species are Styphnolobium japonicum L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Tilia cordata L. and others. The composition of the park is dominated by simple groups. Green plantations make up 76.2% and occupy a significant part of the park's territory, 36.4% belong to artificial coverings. The project of reconstruction of the territory envisages increase of species composition and improvement of decorative qualities of the park plantations. For this purpose we suggest using the most ornamental plants (Picea pungens f. \"Glauca\", Larix decidua f. \"Pendul\", Picea omorika L., Picea abies f. \"Ohlendorffii\", Catalpa bignonioides L., Platanus occidentalis L., Prunus serrulata f. \"Kiku shidare\", Stachys lanata, Juniperus communis f. \"Repanda\", Buxus microphylla f. \"Folker\", Rhododendron impeditum L., etc.).","PeriodicalId":353923,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129929249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF LIMESTONE AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT ON ON CHERNOZEM PODZOLIC","authors":"Г. М. Господаренко","doi":"10.31395/2310-0478-2020-2-32-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2020-2-32-36","url":null,"abstract":"One of the factors of soil degradation is acidification, which is manifested even in chernozems that have a close to neutral or neutral in nature reaction of the soil solution. In terms of acidity, wheat belongs to the group of crops that prefer slightly acidic and close to neutral reaction of the soil environment and responds well to liming not only strong and medium acid, but also weakly acidic soils. Therefore, obtaining objective data on its response to different doses of lime and fertilizer systems in a long stationary experiment is relevant. The aim of the research was to establish the effect of liming in combination with the application of different types and doses of mineral fertilizers on the dynamics of winter wheat yield on chernozem podzolic in field crop rotation. The study was conducted in a stationary experiment (certificate NAAS №86), laid on the research field of Uman NUS, with geographical coordinates of 48 ° 46 '56,47' 'N. w. and 30 ° 14 '48.51' 'east. e. The experiment was based on a 4-field field crop rotation (winter wheat, sugar beet, corn, peas) in three fields. Growing a variety of winter wheat Mission Odesa and Lazurna. The total dose of lime was calculated by the level of metabolic acidity. A single dose of defect containing 60% CaCO3 was 9.0 t/ha. Defect, in doses of 4.5 t/ha 9.0 and 13.5 t/ha was introduced under the first three crops of crop rotation - winter wheat, sugar beet and corn. Against the background of liming mineral fertilizers were applied in the form of ammonium nitrate, granular superphosphate and potassium chloride. The issue of complex influence of different doses of defects and mineral fertilizers on the productivity of winter wheat on chernozem podzolic heavy loam of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is considered. Carrying out liming with a defect dose of 9.0 t/ha in the first rotation - increased the yield of winter wheat with the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N90P60K60 by 0.83 t/ha, or 12%, and in the second rotation - by 0.41 t/ha, or 7%. With the introduction of 0.5 and 1.5 doses of lime, the increase in yield for two rotations of crop rotation, respectively, was 4% and 10%. Applying 1.5 doses of lime, calculated on the basis of metabolic acidity, has a lower starting effect compared to a single dose, but has a longer aftereffect. The application of defect at a dose of 4.5–13.5 t/ha contributed to an increase in yield on average for two rotations of crop rotation by 0.17–0.35 t/ha. Improving the potassium nutrition of plants increases the efficiency of liming - the increase in grain yield is 0.28-0.63 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":353923,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122659003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY OF STARCH OF DIFFERENT HYBRIDS OF CORN AND VARIETIES OF GRAIN SORGHUM BY ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPONENT","authors":"В. І. Войтовська","doi":"10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-77-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-77-81","url":null,"abstract":"The technological quality of starch of different hybrids of corn and varieties of grain sorghum according to its biochemical component is determined. It was founding that the product contains 81.5–83.7% of starch + dextrin. In addition, it contains protein at the level of 1.0–1.1%, dietary fiber – 1.5–1.7%, depending on the maize hybrid. Cornstarch contains vitamins B3 and B4. The technological quality of grain sorghum starch was similar to that of corn. However, sorghum starch contains a higher content of protein and dietary fiber. In terms of moisture and ash content, cornstarch and grain sorghum meet the current requirements. Studies have shown that cornstarch contained polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), saturated fatty acids (PFA), ash, protein, dietary fiber, water. The main part of it consisted of carbohydrates, represented by starch and dextrin – 82.5–83.7%. The lowest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) – 0.02–0.03%, depending on the hybrid. In addition, the protein content of starch was in the range of 1.0–1.1%, and the content of dietary fiber was 1.5–1.7%, depending on the maize hybrid. The moisture content of starch was 12.1–13.4%, and the ash content was 0.2%, which met the requirements of the standard SSTU 3976–2000 Dry cornstarch. Specifications. Cornstarch contained two B vitamins and 11 mineral elements. Among the vitamins of corn grain in starch, the content of B4 and B3 was determined – 0.4–0.7 mg/kg. Of the mineral elements, sodium contained the most – 25–30 mg/kg of starch. Selenium was the least – 0.002–0.003 mg/kg. The content of copper, zinc and manganese varied from 0.048 to 0.07 mg/kg of starch. Iron content – from 0.43 to 0.48 mg/kg. The content of magnesium and sulfur was in the range of 1.0–2.6 mg/kg. The content of potassium, calcium and phosphorus is 13–20 mg/kg, depending on the maize hybrid. The biochemical component of grain sorghum starch was similar to that of corn. Thus, the starch + dextrin content was at the level of 81.0–83.8% depending on the variety. The content of PUFA was in the range of 0.03–0.04, and the content of NFA was 0.2%. In terms of moisture and ash content, sorghum starch complied with the standards of SSTU 4380: 2005. The starch is modifying. The fat content was 0.8–1.5%; the protein content was 1.8–2.7%, depending on the variety of grain sorghum. It should be noted that the origin of sorghum varieties did not affect the formation of technological quality of starch. Only the content of vitamin B3 – 0.67–1.00 mg/kg was founding in grain sorghum starch. Only nine minerals have been identified. The highest content of phosphorus was 20–28 mg/kg of starch. The content of potassium and sodium was in the range of 20.0–25.0 mg/kg of starch. The copper content was the lowest – 0.003–0.005 mg/kg of product. The manganese content was 0.084–0.098 mg/kg. The content of iron varied from 0.18 to 0.25 mg/kg, magnesium, sulfur and calcium – from two to 6 mg/kg of grain sorghum starch.","PeriodicalId":353923,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115602821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE ASSORTMENT ON THE GROWTH INDICATORS AND YIELD OF SPINACH","authors":"О.І. Улянич","doi":"10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-27-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-27-31","url":null,"abstract":"The choice of the best spinach hybrid for field conditions determines the preservation of the possibility of its adaptation to the soil and climatic conditions of growing. The article provides a comparative assessment of the productivity and adaptability of spinach hybrids of foreign breeding to obtain highly productive crops in the conditions of Ukraine. The timing of the phenological phases has been determined, it was observed the growth and development of plants and their biometric indicators. The phenological observations of spinach plants showed that they developed unequally and differently depending on the hybrid. It was proved that plants of spinach differed in height, number of leaves, leaf plate surface and their total surface per hectare. They were higher in comparison with the control due to use of the best hybrid. The height of plants before of the harvest was noted as higher in the hybrids Spiros F1, Pronghorn F1, Lagos F1 and Hudson F1 – 24.1±0.16-25.8±0.20 cm. The higher leaf surface had hybrids Spiros F1, Lagos F1, Pronghorn F1 and Odysseus F1 – 15.3±0.02-15.5±0.06 thousand m2/ha. There was found dependence of the high productivity and yield of spinach of the foreign breeding from the hybrid. The high yield showed Mouflon F1, Odysseus F1, Rembrandt F1 and Spiros F1 – 5.6-6.5 t/ha. It was significantly higher than control. Growing of modern hybrids of foreign breeding of spinach allowed to receive an additional yield from 1.4 t/ha to 6.5 t/ha of green mass compared to control. The adaptability of spinach hybrids of the foreign breeding and their sensitivity to cultivation in the conditions of Ukraine were analyzed and established.","PeriodicalId":353923,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121650960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECIES DIVERSITY OF BLACK CURRANT PESTS (Ribes nigrum L.) IN THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE","authors":"С.М. Мостов’як","doi":"10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-122-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-122-127","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with clarifying the species composition of black currant (Ribes nigrum l.) pests in the Right-Bank Forest- Steppe of Ukraine. During 2005-2020, 29 species of phytophagous insects from 15 families of 7 series and 2 species of phytophagous mites (Cecidophyopsis ribis Westw., Tetranychus urticae Koch.) were found in black currant plantations. The largest part (29% of the total number of detected species) in the structure of insect pests was occupied by representatives of a number of beetles (Coleoptera, among which the most common and harmful is the agrilus (Agrilus viridis L. ab aubei C-C.). Pests of the lepidopterans (Lepidoptera) were represented by 7 species from 5 families and accounted for 24% of the structure of the harmful entomocomplex. The most harmful representatives of this series are the currant clearwing moth (Aegeria tipuliformis Cl. (Synanthedon tipuliformis Cl.)) and common currant tortrix (Pandemis ribeana Hb.). The part of the series of homopterans (Homoptera) in the structure of the phytophagous complex was 17%, which were represented by five species of pests of the family Aphididae (aphids), among which the aphid currant (Aphis schneideri Born) is dominant. Phytophagous insects from the series hemipterans (Hemiptera), hymenopterans (Hymenoptera), dipterans (Diptera) and orthopteroids (Orthoptera) were represented by only 1–4 species and had no economic significance in terms of population density and harmfulness. Two species of herbivorous mites were also identified: the currant bud (Cecidophyopsis ribis Westw.) and the common spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.). In terms of trophic specialization, polyphagous insects dominated, and phytophiles (dendrobiots) dominated in life forms.","PeriodicalId":353923,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134295115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE VALUE OF FAT SUBSTITUTE IN CUPCAKE TECHNOLOGY","authors":"В. В. Любич","doi":"10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-89-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-89-95","url":null,"abstract":"The research results show that when using margarine cupcakes with a fat content of 30–40%, a blend of margarine (30%) 50% + oil 50% and sunflower oil, the dough was liquid. The use of a blend of oil (82%) 50% + oil 50% provided the dough with a semi-creamy consistency. The rest of the experiment variants formed a creamy consistency of the cupcake dough. Physico-chemical indicators of cupcake quality varied depending on margarine fat content, butter and spread. With increasing fat content in such products, cupcake weight increased. Cupcake volume varied significantly depending on the type of fat substitute. Thus, the highest figure was while using margarine, 40% – 207 cm3, a blend of butter (82%) 50% + oil 50% – 218 and vegetable cream spread, 72.5% – 222 cm3. The type of fat substitute did not affect the colour of the cupcake surface and its crumb. The concave surface of the cupcake was obtained using a blend of butter (82%) 50% + oil 50%, vegetable cream spread, 72.5% and sunflower oil. The formation of a concave surface of the cupcake spoils its appearance. Therefore, these two types of fat substitute and sunflower oil are not suitable for cupcake production. The smell and taste of the consumer evaluation of the cupcake did not change depending on fat substitute type. The evaluation of three experts was high – 9 points. Cupcake porosity varied depending on fat substitute type. Thus, with the use of vegetable cream spread, 72.5% of the non-porous part of the crumb occupied 26–50% of the cross section. When using sunflower oil, the non-porous part of the crumb occupied 51–75% of the cross section. While using other fat substitutes, the porosity corresponded to 9 points – small thick-walled, uniform. The use of margarine, 40%, butter, 82% and butter, 73% provides a cupcake with a volume of 198-208 cm3, moisture content 13.9-19.1% with a concave surface and the highest culinary quality – 9 points. The use of margarine, 30%, margarine, 82%, a blend of margarine (30%) 50% + oil 50%, spread, 73% provides products with a volume of 155–181 cm3, moisture content 16.3–20.9% with concave surface, culinary quality at the level of 9 points with elastic, soft, juicy, with crumbs that do not clump. The use of vegetable cream spread, 72.5%, sunflower oil and a blend of oil (82%) 50% + oil 50% provides a cupcake that does not meet the requirements of the regulatory document.","PeriodicalId":353923,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128993469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORMATION OF QUALITY OF VEGETATIVE MASS OF ENERGY CROPS OF DIFFERENT VEGETATION DURATION","authors":"І. Бойко","doi":"10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-3-7","url":null,"abstract":"The research results show that in the samples of switchgrass plants with different vegetation periods the dry matter content varied from 52.40% in the leaves of the 3rd year of vegetation to 77.15% in the leaves of plants of the 8th year of vegetation. In the leaves of miscanthus, the dry matter content varied from 59.35 to 62.30% depending on the duration of the growing season. This figure for energy willow was in the range of 61.23–66.12%. There is a general trend in the content of raw ash in various plant organs: more in the leaves and less in the stem in all variants of the studied plants. Thus, the ash content in switchgrass plants ranged from 1.2% in the stems of plants of the 8th year of vegetation to 4.5% in the leaves of plants of the 10th year of vegetation. The ash content in miscanthus plants ranged from 1.6% to 3.0%, and in willow samples - in the range of 1.9–3.5%. The accumulation of hemicellulose in bioenergetics plants occurs gradually during the growing season. In particular, a slightly higher content of hemicellulose was observing in the stems of bioenergetics plants, less in the leaves. Thus, in switchgrass plants the highest content of hemicellulose was in the stem – 22.65%, and in the leaves 22.75%. In miscanthus plants, the hemicellulose content in the stem ranged from 21.51 to 22.55%, and in the leaves from 21.49 to 22.30%. With regard to energy willow, the distribution of hemicellulose in the plant varied like switchgrass – less in the leaves and more in the stems. The accumulation and distribution of cellulose in bioenergetics plants was similar to hemicelluloses, the leaves were smaller comparing to the stems. In switchgrass plants, the highest cellulose content was in the stems – 42.03–45.49%, and in the leaves – 42.08–45.33%, depending on the duration of the growing season. The distribution of cellulose in switchgrass and energy willow plants changed similarly. Young plants have little lignin, but with age its amount in the tissues increases significantly. Plants accumulate the most lignin in the spring and less in the fall. The accumulation of lignin in samples of bioenergetics plants was different. Its greater content was in the leaves, and less in the stems. Thus, the plants of switchgrass had the highest amount of lignin in the leaves – 18.59% (plants of the 10th year of vegetation), the lowest in the leaves – 15.92% (plants of the 3rd year of vegetation), and in the stems, respectively, 18.02 and 15.90%.","PeriodicalId":353923,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128626171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY OF PUMPKIN PRODUCTS AND BY-PRODUCTS FOR CRAFT MANUFACTURING","authors":"О. В. Бараболя","doi":"10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-52-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-52-57","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the current direction of production in Ukraine – craft manufacturing, which does not require large industrial facilities and raw materials. It is more rapid to adapt to the needs of population, available raw materials and attraction of professionals who do not have specialized education but have the ability and desire to work as well as to be useful during the war and postwar period. At present, craft manufacturing supports the local economy as it provides the production of unique and difficult to reproduce products that enrich Ukrainian culture by reflecting and adding some peculiarities to it. At the same time, craft manufacturing allows to use the local raw materials, available and simple production facilities, to employ a lot of people such as amateurs, part-time or even full-time skilled craftsmen. Craft products are not only more tasteful but also healthier. Flavor enhancers, dyes or other substances, which in mass production can reduce the cost, are not added to craft production. Taking into account the above-mentioned facts, we have developed a recipe and a basic technological scheme of the product with the functional purpose of «Meatballs in pumpkin puree» for craft production. The proposed basic scheme of production is economically reasonable and relevant during a time of war. The result is a useful product which includes the main components of choline, glycogen and heparin, which are useful for athletes and people who have heart problems, blood clotting, memory impairment and other diseases. The assessment of the most characteristic biological and physical risks of meatball production in pumpkin puree is carried out. A block diagram of the production of meatballs from by-products with the assessment of technological operations in relation to hazardous factors and the identification of critical control points has been developed.","PeriodicalId":353923,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134367305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRODUCTIVITY AND DISEASES OF WINTER BARLEY CROPS ON TYPICAL TYPE OF BLACK SOIL DEPENDING ON THE PREPARANT AND FUNGICIDE TREATMENT","authors":"О. Б. Конончук","doi":"10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-133-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2022-1-133-139","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the value of common beans and soybeans as precursors in crop rotation for winter barley during cultivation on typical type of black soil and the effectiveness of using the fungicide Amistar Extra to establish a more appropriate precursor and the need to protect crops from pesticides in local soil and climatic conditions. Three years of field research showed that beans and soybeans did not differ significantly in terms of their impact on typical type of black soil agrochemical parameters such as metabolic and hydrolytic acidity, the amount of absorbed bases, the degree of base saturation and the nitrogen content of the arable layer. Beans, as a precursor of barley, contributed to a 9.8% higher content of humus, 22.8% - mobile phosphorus and 11.4% - metabolic potassium, compared to the same agrochemical parameters of the soil after soybean cultivation. The fungicide Amistar Extra showed high technical efficiency of application against diseases of the leaf surface of barley of the studied variety Borysfen, in particular, powdery mildew (63.0% and 69.2%), dark brown spot (52.2% and 55.7%) and septoria (56.3% and 64.9%) and low against volatile smut (15.4% and 21.4%), both after growing beans and soybeans, respectively. The prevalence of diseases in winter barley crops did not depend on its predecessors, although it showed a tendency to be more affected by pathogens of plants grown after soybeans, as well as slightly higher efficiency Amistar Extra. The fungicide provided protection against diseases of the upper tier leaves, which increased grain productivity by 0.55-0.65 t / ha after both predecessors, mainly by stimulating plant growth in height, length, grain size and ear weight, 1000 grain weight, etc. It was also found that it is more expedient to sow winter barley after beans, because in this case a higher grain yield of 1.65-1.75 t / ha is formed, both under the influence of the fungicide and without its use. The increase in yield was due to the higher density of plants and productive stems, increasing their height and overall biological yield. The obtained data allow to recommend preference for sowing of winter barley in crop rotations after beans and to use the fungicide Amistar Extra as highly effective elements of the technology of growing cultivation on typical type of black soil.","PeriodicalId":353923,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133550018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}