The authors have proposed a visibility estimation method using Contrast-Average (C-A) graphs based on the contrast profile method. C-A graphs can express three factors (luminance contrast, adaptation luminance, and object size) necessary for visibility estimations from luminance images. The objective of this study is to propose a visibility estimation method considering disability glare (impaired visibility caused by high luminance light sources in the visual field) using C-A graphs. Visibility evaluation experiments were conducted under various conditions with high luminance light sources presented in the visual field. In experiments, the changes of visibility threshold C values were examined. Estimations of visibility threshold C values were attempted by using the ‘equivalent veiling luminance’ of past studies. However, it was confirmed that the estimation method has limitations in its applicable range. Therefore, by focusing on increments of C values, a visibility estimation equation was established from the multiple regression analyses of increments of C values and the illuminance received from each of the segmented visual fields. In this study, the estimation equation was established from experimental results that used circular objects with a 20-minute diameter.
{"title":"Visibility Estimation Method Considering Disability Glare Using Contrast-Average Graph","authors":"Y. Kato, Yoshiki Nakamura","doi":"10.2150/JIEIJ.180000573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JIEIJ.180000573","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have proposed a visibility estimation method using Contrast-Average (C-A) graphs based on the contrast profile method. C-A graphs can express three factors (luminance contrast, adaptation luminance, and object size) necessary for visibility estimations from luminance images. The objective of this study is to propose a visibility estimation method considering disability glare (impaired visibility caused by high luminance light sources in the visual field) using C-A graphs. Visibility evaluation experiments were conducted under various conditions with high luminance light sources presented in the visual field. In experiments, the changes of visibility threshold C values were examined. Estimations of visibility threshold C values were attempted by using the ‘equivalent veiling luminance’ of past studies. However, it was confirmed that the estimation method has limitations in its applicable range. Therefore, by focusing on increments of C values, a visibility estimation equation was established from the multiple regression analyses of increments of C values and the illuminance received from each of the segmented visual fields. In this study, the estimation equation was established from experimental results that used circular objects with a 20-minute diameter.","PeriodicalId":35437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan (Shomei Gakkai Shi)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41564916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the author estimates the hourly spatial brightness index in an office under daylighting control by Venetian blinds and examines new evaluation methods on the basis of annual variation in the values. A spatial brightness index (SB), which has been previously proposed by the author, is applied for the evaluations in this study. The 90% range of annual variation in SB values, which is the difference between the 95th percentile value and the 5th percentile value, is useful for comparing the in fl uence of daylighting control on the spatial brightness variation. Also, evaluating the 50th percentile value of them results in a suitable target illuminance level for electric light control in each daylighting condition. These results indicate that the evaluation methods in this study are useful for designing daylighting or lighting control so that it will lead to a comfortable condition, which means not too bright and not too dark.
{"title":"Evaluation of Spatial Brightness Variation in Office under Daylighting Control","authors":"Katsuhiko Sakata","doi":"10.2150/JIEIJ.170000568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JIEIJ.170000568","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the author estimates the hourly spatial brightness index in an office under daylighting control by Venetian blinds and examines new evaluation methods on the basis of annual variation in the values. A spatial brightness index (SB), which has been previously proposed by the author, is applied for the evaluations in this study. The 90% range of annual variation in SB values, which is the difference between the 95th percentile value and the 5th percentile value, is useful for comparing the in fl uence of daylighting control on the spatial brightness variation. Also, evaluating the 50th percentile value of them results in a suitable target illuminance level for electric light control in each daylighting condition. These results indicate that the evaluation methods in this study are useful for designing daylighting or lighting control so that it will lead to a comfortable condition, which means not too bright and not too dark.","PeriodicalId":35437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan (Shomei Gakkai Shi)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44422038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atsuki Tonomura, M. Miki, Satoaki Tamura, Ryoto Tomioka, H. Aida
{"title":"An Intelligent Lighting System to Speed up Illuminance Convergence by Dynamically Classifying the Relationship between Illuminance Sensors and Lights","authors":"Atsuki Tonomura, M. Miki, Satoaki Tamura, Ryoto Tomioka, H. Aida","doi":"10.2150/JIEIJ.170000563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JIEIJ.170000563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan (Shomei Gakkai Shi)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2150/JIEIJ.170000563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43147036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nighttime Landscape Lighting Creation with Housing and Roads in Kaneyama, Yamagata Prefecture","authors":"Shigeo Kobayashi, Saki Takahashi, Yuri Yoshida","doi":"10.2150/JIEIJ.180000571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JIEIJ.180000571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan (Shomei Gakkai Shi)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2150/JIEIJ.180000571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43412655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Verification of Output Stability Evaluation Method of LED Lighting in Existing Standards","authors":"T. Shibuya, T. Iwanaga, Hiroyuki Yokota","doi":"10.2150/JIEIJ.150000539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JIEIJ.150000539","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan (Shomei Gakkai Shi)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46709734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Maenaka, S. Tashiro, A. Murphy, K. Fujita, Manabu Tanaka
In this study, a unified numerical simulation model was developed. A sub model of radiative heat transfer and tungsten evaporation, including transportation and adhesion, was added to an electromagnetic and thermal fl uid numerical simulation model of a xenon short arc lamp. Then, the process of blackening by tungsten vapor was studied. When the temperature of the anode is around melting point, the heat loss of the evaporation against the input power is small. It is clear that there is almost no thermal in fl uence on the anode. In addition, the fl ux of vapor deposition in this numerical simulation is high, then the blackening of the lamp was con fi rmed. Furthermore, the process of blackening by tungsten vapor was also con fi rmed. This numerical simulation model is shown to be useful for the examination of arc fl ow control and blackening.
{"title":"Evaluation of Tungsten Vapor Behavior in Xenon Short Arc Lamp Using Numerical Simulation","authors":"S. Maenaka, S. Tashiro, A. Murphy, K. Fujita, Manabu Tanaka","doi":"10.2150/JIEIJ.170000564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JIEIJ.170000564","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a unified numerical simulation model was developed. A sub model of radiative heat transfer and tungsten evaporation, including transportation and adhesion, was added to an electromagnetic and thermal fl uid numerical simulation model of a xenon short arc lamp. Then, the process of blackening by tungsten vapor was studied. When the temperature of the anode is around melting point, the heat loss of the evaporation against the input power is small. It is clear that there is almost no thermal in fl uence on the anode. In addition, the fl ux of vapor deposition in this numerical simulation is high, then the blackening of the lamp was con fi rmed. Furthermore, the process of blackening by tungsten vapor was also con fi rmed. This numerical simulation model is shown to be useful for the examination of arc fl ow control and blackening.","PeriodicalId":35437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan (Shomei Gakkai Shi)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2150/JIEIJ.170000564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45712500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High brightness and stability, a broadband spectrum, and a long lifespan characterize a laser-induced noble gas plasma light source. This study shows the effects of applying the target ignition method to a new structure for four target materials (tungsten, platinum, thoriated tungsten, and tungsten impregnated with barium oxide (BI)). Compared with previous experiments, our proposed conditions enable practical use of this high brightness light source with a one order of magnitude lower laser power. First, the proposed structure is different from a previous wire structures for the target method. Second, the ignition efficiency of each material was quantitatively evaluated according to heating time. Results showed that among the four materials, BI could be ignited with the lowest laser power (continuous wave: 35 W), and could best repeat ignition. This implies that the work function determines ignition efficiency. Finally, we clarify the ignition process. Barium atoms and ions from the target were experimentally observed under laser irradiation in the xenon gas region before ignition. Barium has a low work function as an electron emission material. Therefore, we hypothesized that the target surface emitted barium into the xenon gas region by laser heating. We expected that the barium would rapidly discharge many electrons owing to its low work function, the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption would instantaneously increase, and finally, it would ignite the xenon gas.
{"title":"Improved Ignition Efficiency in Method for Laser-induced Noble Gas Plasma Light Source","authors":"Naoya Matsumoto, K. Fujita","doi":"10.2150/JIEIJ.170000567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JIEIJ.170000567","url":null,"abstract":"High brightness and stability, a broadband spectrum, and a long lifespan characterize a laser-induced noble gas plasma light source. This study shows the effects of applying the target ignition method to a new structure for four target materials (tungsten, platinum, thoriated tungsten, and tungsten impregnated with barium oxide (BI)). Compared with previous experiments, our proposed conditions enable practical use of this high brightness light source with a one order of magnitude lower laser power. First, the proposed structure is different from a previous wire structures for the target method. Second, the ignition efficiency of each material was quantitatively evaluated according to heating time. Results showed that among the four materials, BI could be ignited with the lowest laser power (continuous wave: 35 W), and could best repeat ignition. This implies that the work function determines ignition efficiency. Finally, we clarify the ignition process. Barium atoms and ions from the target were experimentally observed under laser irradiation in the xenon gas region before ignition. Barium has a low work function as an electron emission material. Therefore, we hypothesized that the target surface emitted barium into the xenon gas region by laser heating. We expected that the barium would rapidly discharge many electrons owing to its low work function, the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption would instantaneously increase, and finally, it would ignite the xenon gas.","PeriodicalId":35437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan (Shomei Gakkai Shi)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41270509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used as the cleanest light source in the world because they have benefi cial features such as lower power consumption, high luminescence effi ciency, and a prolonged emission lifetime. However, a serious issue must be confronted:these commercially available fl uorescence materials contain rare metals. In order to overcome such an issue, we have developed phosphorus (P)doped silicon (Si) composite microparticles (P/Si-MPs) as novel fl uorescence materials. The MPs have excellent advantages, such as higheffi ciency fl uorescence and long-term photostability;surface oxidation can also control the fl uorescence color. In this paper, we suggest a new synthetic approach and discuss the fl uorescence properties of P/Si-MPs.
{"title":"Fluorescence Properties of P-doped Si Composite Microparticles","authors":"Masayuki Suzuki, Keisuke Sato, K. Hirakuri","doi":"10.2150/JIEIJ.170000565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JIEIJ.170000565","url":null,"abstract":"Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used as the cleanest light source in the world because they have benefi cial features such as lower power consumption, high luminescence effi ciency, and a prolonged emission lifetime. However, a serious issue must be confronted:these commercially available fl uorescence materials contain rare metals. In order to overcome such an issue, we have developed phosphorus (P)doped silicon (Si) composite microparticles (P/Si-MPs) as novel fl uorescence materials. The MPs have excellent advantages, such as higheffi ciency fl uorescence and long-term photostability;surface oxidation can also control the fl uorescence color. In this paper, we suggest a new synthetic approach and discuss the fl uorescence properties of P/Si-MPs.","PeriodicalId":35437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan (Shomei Gakkai Shi)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41328190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masaya Kudo, Keisuke Sato, H. Sukegawa, K. Hirakuri
Magneto - fl uorescent microparticles are novel biomedical materials because they can diagnostically trace disease sites with fl uorescence imaging while performing hyperthermia therapy with magnetic materials. Reducing production costs and simplifying manufacturing processes are absolutely critical for such microparticles. We investigate a simplified procedure for synthesizing magneto - fluorescent microparticles by combining fl uorescent ammonium silicon fl uoride ((NH 4 ) 2 SiF 6 ) and magnetic iron oxides (Fe 3 O 4 ) have been investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the magnetic and fl uorescent behaviors of the microparticles.
{"title":"Optical and Magnetic Properties of Fluorescent Ammonium Silicon Fluoride Microparticles with Magnetic Function","authors":"Masaya Kudo, Keisuke Sato, H. Sukegawa, K. Hirakuri","doi":"10.2150/JIEIJ.170000566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/JIEIJ.170000566","url":null,"abstract":"Magneto - fl uorescent microparticles are novel biomedical materials because they can diagnostically trace disease sites with fl uorescence imaging while performing hyperthermia therapy with magnetic materials. Reducing production costs and simplifying manufacturing processes are absolutely critical for such microparticles. We investigate a simplified procedure for synthesizing magneto - fluorescent microparticles by combining fl uorescent ammonium silicon fl uoride ((NH 4 ) 2 SiF 6 ) and magnetic iron oxides (Fe 3 O 4 ) have been investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the magnetic and fl uorescent behaviors of the microparticles.","PeriodicalId":35437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan (Shomei Gakkai Shi)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43557020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"シリーズレギュレータ方式を用いた LED ランプ点灯回路の研究","authors":"秀将 新岡, 健史 橋本, 康正 坂本, 陽一 田村","doi":"10.2150/jieij.160000557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2150/jieij.160000557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan (Shomei Gakkai Shi)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2150/jieij.160000557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46225138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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