Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221372
Michaela Černá, T. Drizdal
According to NBTS (National Brain Tumor Society), glioblastoma is the most occurring primary malignant brain tumor [1]. Current research shows the benefit of combining hyperthermia and radiotherapy for these brain tumors. The hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) is used for treatment guidance. HTP is usually divided into three individual steps: segmentation, electromagnetic (EM) simulations, and phase-amplitude optimization. To find the best phase and amplitude of the antenna element input signals using either specific absorption rate (SAR)-based or temperature-based optimizations. The main advantage of SAR-base optimization is the speed and computational complexity, but these optimizations need to consider the cooling mechanisms of the human body and the water bolus. Currently, several methods for SAR-based optimization like particle swarm optimization (PSO), Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm (NMS), genetic algorithm (GA), or Time reversal focusing (TRF) have been introduced. Time reversal focusing consists of forward and reverse steps. First, the virtual EM source is placed in the tumor. According to [2], it is not a suitable source directly to the center; better results are achieved if the source is near the surface of the tumor. Next, a wavefront is propagated from a virtually located source, recorded by peripheral antenna elements. These signals are time reversed for detection amplitude and phase. In the second step, these values are set, and the SAR is calculated. Treatment was planned for an applicator with twelve antenna elements (six elements in one ring) operating at 434 MHz. The results of this study show the benefits of using TRF in the hyperthermic treatment of glioblastoma. Better results were achieved for small tumors with regular shapes. The total volume was not targeted for larger tumors but only the part where the virtual source was located. The advantage of this method is that there is no significant absorption of the SAR outside the tumor tissue, and therefore no hotspots should occur.
{"title":"Implementation of Time Reversal Focusing on Hyperthermia Treatment of Brain Tumours","authors":"Michaela Černá, T. Drizdal","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221372","url":null,"abstract":"According to NBTS (National Brain Tumor Society), glioblastoma is the most occurring primary malignant brain tumor [1]. Current research shows the benefit of combining hyperthermia and radiotherapy for these brain tumors. The hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) is used for treatment guidance. HTP is usually divided into three individual steps: segmentation, electromagnetic (EM) simulations, and phase-amplitude optimization. To find the best phase and amplitude of the antenna element input signals using either specific absorption rate (SAR)-based or temperature-based optimizations. The main advantage of SAR-base optimization is the speed and computational complexity, but these optimizations need to consider the cooling mechanisms of the human body and the water bolus. Currently, several methods for SAR-based optimization like particle swarm optimization (PSO), Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm (NMS), genetic algorithm (GA), or Time reversal focusing (TRF) have been introduced. Time reversal focusing consists of forward and reverse steps. First, the virtual EM source is placed in the tumor. According to [2], it is not a suitable source directly to the center; better results are achieved if the source is near the surface of the tumor. Next, a wavefront is propagated from a virtually located source, recorded by peripheral antenna elements. These signals are time reversed for detection amplitude and phase. In the second step, these values are set, and the SAR is calculated. Treatment was planned for an applicator with twelve antenna elements (six elements in one ring) operating at 434 MHz. The results of this study show the benefits of using TRF in the hyperthermic treatment of glioblastoma. Better results were achieved for small tumors with regular shapes. The total volume was not targeted for larger tumors but only the part where the virtual source was located. The advantage of this method is that there is no significant absorption of the SAR outside the tumor tissue, and therefore no hotspots should occur.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117198265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221407
Peter Apostolov, D. G. Valchev
This paper describes steering of a two-element array antenna. The array antenna has an array factor having a narrow beam without side lobes. The array factor is modulated with a phase function, thus resulting in a high selectivity. A parameter determines the array halfpower beamwidth (HPBW). Mathematical expressions for beam steering with approximately constant HPBW in a wide azimuth range are obtained. The error values of the HPBW are discussed. The described results are verified by numerical simulations.
{"title":"Steering of Two-Element Array Antenna with Arbitrary Narrow Beam Array Factor","authors":"Peter Apostolov, D. G. Valchev","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221407","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes steering of a two-element array antenna. The array antenna has an array factor having a narrow beam without side lobes. The array factor is modulated with a phase function, thus resulting in a high selectivity. A parameter determines the array halfpower beamwidth (HPBW). Mathematical expressions for beam steering with approximately constant HPBW in a wide azimuth range are obtained. The error values of the HPBW are discussed. The described results are verified by numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127434016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221414
A. Stafecka, A. Lizunovs, Aleksandrs Olinš, Mihails Rjumšins, V. Bobrovs
Mobile internet access service technological development enables quality of Service (QoS) guarantees to the extent that allows to use these services as an alternative to the fixed internet access services for everyday needs. In regard to this the world and regional, including European Union (EU), regulation foresees high expectations and broad spectrum of requirements to ensure the further development of mobile services, including end-user-oriented aspects. The regulation not only foresees the possible services, but also defines the mobile internet access monitoring requirements, that foresee that national regulatory authorities (NRAs) should able to determine provided QoS and stipulate the possible service development options, supervising end-user right. Additionally to that, EU regulation foresees a need to further ensure the comparable data analysis between the data gathered from different countries. For this purpose, the different QoS measurement tools, that are based on international standards and national needs, have been developed. Nevertheless, even thou regulation and standards foresee very detailed requirements for the measurements tools, data analysis, and some other QoS evaluation aspects, the practical measurement process, including requirements for QoS measurement equipment placement is not defined, resulting in non-comparable measurement results, as the measurements are made in different signal conditions which results in very limited possibilities to evaluate and analyse the received data, especially in case of long terms indoor measurements, made in one location. Therefore, in the research it is proposed to evaluate the placement of the measurement equipment based on the received signal parameters values, as they can be measured momentarily and do not require complicated measurement or evaluation process. Simultaneously universal QoS measurement equipment placement rules are evaluated and defined, to ensure that even in case the onsite signal parameters measurements are not possible, the equipment placements conditions are equally defined and ensure comparable measurement results for different measurement places.
{"title":"The Evaluation of the Internet Access Service QoS Measurement Equipment Placement Conditions Based on Signal Parameters Values","authors":"A. Stafecka, A. Lizunovs, Aleksandrs Olinš, Mihails Rjumšins, V. Bobrovs","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221414","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile internet access service technological development enables quality of Service (QoS) guarantees to the extent that allows to use these services as an alternative to the fixed internet access services for everyday needs. In regard to this the world and regional, including European Union (EU), regulation foresees high expectations and broad spectrum of requirements to ensure the further development of mobile services, including end-user-oriented aspects. The regulation not only foresees the possible services, but also defines the mobile internet access monitoring requirements, that foresee that national regulatory authorities (NRAs) should able to determine provided QoS and stipulate the possible service development options, supervising end-user right. Additionally to that, EU regulation foresees a need to further ensure the comparable data analysis between the data gathered from different countries. For this purpose, the different QoS measurement tools, that are based on international standards and national needs, have been developed. Nevertheless, even thou regulation and standards foresee very detailed requirements for the measurements tools, data analysis, and some other QoS evaluation aspects, the practical measurement process, including requirements for QoS measurement equipment placement is not defined, resulting in non-comparable measurement results, as the measurements are made in different signal conditions which results in very limited possibilities to evaluate and analyse the received data, especially in case of long terms indoor measurements, made in one location. Therefore, in the research it is proposed to evaluate the placement of the measurement equipment based on the received signal parameters values, as they can be measured momentarily and do not require complicated measurement or evaluation process. Simultaneously universal QoS measurement equipment placement rules are evaluated and defined, to ensure that even in case the onsite signal parameters measurements are not possible, the equipment placements conditions are equally defined and ensure comparable measurement results for different measurement places.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125138856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221541
M. A. Maisto, R. Moretta, G. Leone
In this paper, the problem of detecting defective turned-off elements in antenna arrays from nearfield phaseless measurements is addressed. The diagnostics is cast as the recovery of a real (binary) signal from amplitude-only measurements. Such problem falls into the realm of phase retrieval one. Taking inspiration from the recently introduced PhaseMax algorithm, the phase retrieval is formulated as a convex optimization. In particular, PhaseMax is adapted to the faults detection problem by removing the need to estimate a reference solution. Moreover, it is shown that the convex optimization is equivalent to a sparse minimization problem which allows to employ all the powerful tools of compressive sensing realm. Preliminary numerical results are presented to asses the achievable performance as the number of faulty elements increase. Finally, a strategy that reduces the number of measurement points by employing steering diversities is presented and checked.
{"title":"Phaseless Array Faulty Diagnostics via Convex Optimization","authors":"M. A. Maisto, R. Moretta, G. Leone","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221541","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the problem of detecting defective turned-off elements in antenna arrays from nearfield phaseless measurements is addressed. The diagnostics is cast as the recovery of a real (binary) signal from amplitude-only measurements. Such problem falls into the realm of phase retrieval one. Taking inspiration from the recently introduced PhaseMax algorithm, the phase retrieval is formulated as a convex optimization. In particular, PhaseMax is adapted to the faults detection problem by removing the need to estimate a reference solution. Moreover, it is shown that the convex optimization is equivalent to a sparse minimization problem which allows to employ all the powerful tools of compressive sensing realm. Preliminary numerical results are presented to asses the achievable performance as the number of faulty elements increase. Finally, a strategy that reduces the number of measurement points by employing steering diversities is presented and checked.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125816669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10220954
A. Kocakusak, S. Helhel
Although plasma-based antennas were first proposed a few decades ago, they have been increasingly attracting researchers in recent years with the developments in plasma technology. The biggest reasons for this are the advantages of plasma-based antennas compared to equivalent conductor antennas. One of these advantages is that the plasma tubes are almost transparent in the off state and have a very low weight compared to a conductive antenna of the same dimensions. In the literature it seems that most of the research has focused on applications where plasma tubes are used as a reflector, while studies have increased, and plasma-based structures have been proposed for various purposes in various frequency regions. Studies using mechanisms that directly feed the plasma tubes have mostly focused on the low frequency region. In this study, commercially available T5 fluorescent tubes were used as plasma column for its low cost and easy finding. It was fed with a coupler which has been designed for this purpose and an antenna operating for 3.2GHz with a directivity of about 6.3 dBi was obtained. With this feature, the study aimed to shed light on a new area by obtaining an active plasma monopole operating in a relatively high frequency region. In the second part of the study, around this monopole, plasma tubes without RF feed were used as reflectors and/or suppressors, and beam forming was obtained. It is thought that the study will pave the way for new studies in areas where reducing the radar cross section area value is important, especially in military technologies.
{"title":"S Band Monopole Plasma Antenna Design and Beam Forming Application by Plasma Columns","authors":"A. Kocakusak, S. Helhel","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10220954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10220954","url":null,"abstract":"Although plasma-based antennas were first proposed a few decades ago, they have been increasingly attracting researchers in recent years with the developments in plasma technology. The biggest reasons for this are the advantages of plasma-based antennas compared to equivalent conductor antennas. One of these advantages is that the plasma tubes are almost transparent in the off state and have a very low weight compared to a conductive antenna of the same dimensions. In the literature it seems that most of the research has focused on applications where plasma tubes are used as a reflector, while studies have increased, and plasma-based structures have been proposed for various purposes in various frequency regions. Studies using mechanisms that directly feed the plasma tubes have mostly focused on the low frequency region. In this study, commercially available T5 fluorescent tubes were used as plasma column for its low cost and easy finding. It was fed with a coupler which has been designed for this purpose and an antenna operating for 3.2GHz with a directivity of about 6.3 dBi was obtained. With this feature, the study aimed to shed light on a new area by obtaining an active plasma monopole operating in a relatively high frequency region. In the second part of the study, around this monopole, plasma tubes without RF feed were used as reflectors and/or suppressors, and beam forming was obtained. It is thought that the study will pave the way for new studies in areas where reducing the radar cross section area value is important, especially in military technologies.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126175328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221420
Hartuti Mistialustina, Budi Syihabuddin, Chairunnisa, A. Munir
The effect of amplitude or phase weighting of excited signal on a feeding network of antenna array will impact on the array radiation characteristics. This paper discusses performance evaluation on radiation characteristics of a Kaiser-based linear antenna array with small even variations of elements number $(N)$, namely $1 times 4, 1times 6$, and $1 times 8$. The use of Kaiser function in weighting method will give significant sidelobe level (SLL) suppression and offer a flexibility by changing the value of $beta$ parameters. Moreover, the increase of $N$ also affects the diminishment of width of main lobe (WML) value and provides almost constant front to back ratio (FBR) value. In $1times 4$ Kaiser-based linear antenna array, the radiation characteristics show the non-appearance of sidelobe, so the SLL suppression value is undetermined, whereas the WML and FBR values are 30° and 13.32 dB, respectively. The performance of a $1 times 6$ Kaiser-based linear antenna array has the SLL suppression from -34.35 dB up to -33.73 dB, WML of 25°, and FBR of 13.36 dB. Meanwhile, the radiation characteristics of $1times 8$ Kaiser-based linear antenna array provide the SLL suppression from -34.26 dB up to -33.87 dB, WML of 17°, and FBR of 13.36 dB. Furthermore, the gain achievements show the enhancement for the bigger number of $N$, namely 8.43 dB for $1 times 4$, 9.13 dB for $1 times 6$, and 11.07 dB for $1times 8$.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation on Radiation Characteristics of Kaiser-Based Linear Antenna Array","authors":"Hartuti Mistialustina, Budi Syihabuddin, Chairunnisa, A. Munir","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221420","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of amplitude or phase weighting of excited signal on a feeding network of antenna array will impact on the array radiation characteristics. This paper discusses performance evaluation on radiation characteristics of a Kaiser-based linear antenna array with small even variations of elements number $(N)$, namely $1 times 4, 1times 6$, and $1 times 8$. The use of Kaiser function in weighting method will give significant sidelobe level (SLL) suppression and offer a flexibility by changing the value of $beta$ parameters. Moreover, the increase of $N$ also affects the diminishment of width of main lobe (WML) value and provides almost constant front to back ratio (FBR) value. In $1times 4$ Kaiser-based linear antenna array, the radiation characteristics show the non-appearance of sidelobe, so the SLL suppression value is undetermined, whereas the WML and FBR values are 30° and 13.32 dB, respectively. The performance of a $1 times 6$ Kaiser-based linear antenna array has the SLL suppression from -34.35 dB up to -33.73 dB, WML of 25°, and FBR of 13.36 dB. Meanwhile, the radiation characteristics of $1times 8$ Kaiser-based linear antenna array provide the SLL suppression from -34.26 dB up to -33.87 dB, WML of 17°, and FBR of 13.36 dB. Furthermore, the gain achievements show the enhancement for the bigger number of $N$, namely 8.43 dB for $1 times 4$, 9.13 dB for $1 times 6$, and 11.07 dB for $1times 8$.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125282836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221410
N. Djuric, Tamara Skoric, D. Kljajić, Vidak Otasevic, S. Djuric
The long-term electromagnetic field (EMF) monitoring has become an imperative task in modern EMF investigation, particularly in areas of increased sensitivity to EMF exposure. Such kind of monitoring can provide valuable information on EMF variability, as well as some additional, hidden, knowledge from its continuous measurement data series. This paper will present an approach of the EMF behavior extraction from the measurement results, based on the averaging over time. The case study of the five-year monitoring period was analyzed, in which data seta was acquired by the sensor of the Serbian EMF RATEL monitoring network, in the University of Novi Sad (UNS) campus.
{"title":"A Hidden Knowledge in Long-Term EMF Monitoring of EMF RATEL Monitoring Network","authors":"N. Djuric, Tamara Skoric, D. Kljajić, Vidak Otasevic, S. Djuric","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221410","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term electromagnetic field (EMF) monitoring has become an imperative task in modern EMF investigation, particularly in areas of increased sensitivity to EMF exposure. Such kind of monitoring can provide valuable information on EMF variability, as well as some additional, hidden, knowledge from its continuous measurement data series. This paper will present an approach of the EMF behavior extraction from the measurement results, based on the averaging over time. The case study of the five-year monitoring period was analyzed, in which data seta was acquired by the sensor of the Serbian EMF RATEL monitoring network, in the University of Novi Sad (UNS) campus.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116001601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221512
Inês Almeida, João Guerreiro, R. Dinis
Large Intelligent Surface (LIS)-based wireless communication systems rely on chan-nel estimation techniques to estimate the channel state information (CSI) between the transmitter and receiver. However, channel estimation in LIS-based systems is constrained by high training costs. This paper presents an overview of performance analysis and comparison with existing optimization algorithms, demonstrating comparable performance while significantly reducing computational complexity. Nevertheless, additional research is required to optimize the performance of these techniques for different scenarios and to develop implementation strategies that address the challenges posed by scenarios with high mobility.
{"title":"Efficient Channel Estimation for LIS-based Systems","authors":"Inês Almeida, João Guerreiro, R. Dinis","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221512","url":null,"abstract":"Large Intelligent Surface (LIS)-based wireless communication systems rely on chan-nel estimation techniques to estimate the channel state information (CSI) between the transmitter and receiver. However, channel estimation in LIS-based systems is constrained by high training costs. This paper presents an overview of performance analysis and comparison with existing optimization algorithms, demonstrating comparable performance while significantly reducing computational complexity. Nevertheless, additional research is required to optimize the performance of these techniques for different scenarios and to develop implementation strategies that address the challenges posed by scenarios with high mobility.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"94 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122458414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221343
Runcong Lv, Xinyu Xie, Qingyi Guo, Wenlong He
In this paper, a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circularly/linearly-polarized (CP-LP) reconfigurable antenna using phase changing material (PCM) with simple structure is proposed. It is the new attempt to apply a vacuum-filled slot excited by a substrate-integrated- waveguide (SIW) transmission line, above which a rectangular sheet is located. Circle- and linear-polarization (CP) polarization (LP) can be obtained by controlling operating states of PCM, which used to form the rectangular copper between amorphous and crystalline state. It should be mentioned that the proposed antenna yields wide impedance bandwidths when operating at two states. Besides, the proposed antenna is constructed on two PCB layers and has a simple structure, which is easy to be fabricated and low-cost. For validation, the proposed antenna is designed and simulated. The results show that, for LP state, a wide bandwidth of 58% from 55 to 100 GHz is obtained, with a peak gain of 12 dBi. For CP state, an axial ratio bandwidth of 4 GHz is obtained, with a peak gain of 8 dBic. It can be observed that the radiation patterns are stable and symmetric across the operating bandwidth. With all these features, the proposed design is attractive for mm-wave applications and wireless communication systems.
{"title":"Millimeter-wave CP-LP Reconfigurable Antennas Using PCM","authors":"Runcong Lv, Xinyu Xie, Qingyi Guo, Wenlong He","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221343","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circularly/linearly-polarized (CP-LP) reconfigurable antenna using phase changing material (PCM) with simple structure is proposed. It is the new attempt to apply a vacuum-filled slot excited by a substrate-integrated- waveguide (SIW) transmission line, above which a rectangular sheet is located. Circle- and linear-polarization (CP) polarization (LP) can be obtained by controlling operating states of PCM, which used to form the rectangular copper between amorphous and crystalline state. It should be mentioned that the proposed antenna yields wide impedance bandwidths when operating at two states. Besides, the proposed antenna is constructed on two PCB layers and has a simple structure, which is easy to be fabricated and low-cost. For validation, the proposed antenna is designed and simulated. The results show that, for LP state, a wide bandwidth of 58% from 55 to 100 GHz is obtained, with a peak gain of 12 dBi. For CP state, an axial ratio bandwidth of 4 GHz is obtained, with a peak gain of 8 dBic. It can be observed that the radiation patterns are stable and symmetric across the operating bandwidth. With all these features, the proposed design is attractive for mm-wave applications and wireless communication systems.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122036068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221381
Y. Xie, G. Wan, M. Tong
Inductance-capacitance-resistance (LCR) impedance detection system is an important instrument for measuring object impedance, which is widely used in all kinds of testing products, with the characteristics of high precision and wide measurement range. With the continuous enrichment of impedance measurement scenes, impedance detection is becoming more and more embedded. It is of great significance to use MCU and automatic balanced bridge method to design a low-cost and miniaturized impedance detection system. In this paper, the LCR impedance detection system is built by using capacitors, resistors, inductors, MCU, operational amplifiers, analog switches and other devices, which has the advantage of low cost. The ADC and DAC peripherals built in MCU are used for signal conversion, the FFT operation realized by software is used to obtain amplitude and phase, and a single power supply is used at the same time, which further reduces the cost, makes the system more miniaturized, and meets the requirements of measuring speed, frequency and high precision.
{"title":"A Novel LCR Impedance Detection System with Low Cost and High Precision Based on Microcontroller Unit","authors":"Y. Xie, G. Wan, M. Tong","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221381","url":null,"abstract":"Inductance-capacitance-resistance (LCR) impedance detection system is an important instrument for measuring object impedance, which is widely used in all kinds of testing products, with the characteristics of high precision and wide measurement range. With the continuous enrichment of impedance measurement scenes, impedance detection is becoming more and more embedded. It is of great significance to use MCU and automatic balanced bridge method to design a low-cost and miniaturized impedance detection system. In this paper, the LCR impedance detection system is built by using capacitors, resistors, inductors, MCU, operational amplifiers, analog switches and other devices, which has the advantage of low cost. The ADC and DAC peripherals built in MCU are used for signal conversion, the FFT operation realized by software is used to obtain amplitude and phase, and a single power supply is used at the same time, which further reduces the cost, makes the system more miniaturized, and meets the requirements of measuring speed, frequency and high precision.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"52 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116620677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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