Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221278
Chengfeng Lv, T. Hao
Image formation of synthetic aperture radar, which virtually observes the scenes and identifies targets along the predetermined trajectory, can be applied to ice-sounding data in the time domain, to map subglacial topographic structures with less sidelobe clutters. However, complex signal transmission path within stratified media limits the efficiency and accuracy of focusing. Here, we present the method to analyze the wavenumber support region by decomposing in the spectrum domain the combined vector formed from multi-paths in stratified media. This assists to determine the lowest Nyquist sampling rate, which essentially accelerates the reconstruction of aliased-free images and can be inherently inserted into the fast factorized back projection algorithm framework, based on divide-and-conquer scheme, recursively yielding low-to-high quality images. With this technique, along-track motion perturbations of flights and unknown tomography variations, can be accommodated at the additional but neglectable computational expenses. Results from real ice-sounding data in Antarctica are presented to validate the promising performance of the proposed method.
{"title":"Image Spectrum Decomposition of Ice-Sounding Data in Stratified Medium for Back Projection Algorithm","authors":"Chengfeng Lv, T. Hao","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221278","url":null,"abstract":"Image formation of synthetic aperture radar, which virtually observes the scenes and identifies targets along the predetermined trajectory, can be applied to ice-sounding data in the time domain, to map subglacial topographic structures with less sidelobe clutters. However, complex signal transmission path within stratified media limits the efficiency and accuracy of focusing. Here, we present the method to analyze the wavenumber support region by decomposing in the spectrum domain the combined vector formed from multi-paths in stratified media. This assists to determine the lowest Nyquist sampling rate, which essentially accelerates the reconstruction of aliased-free images and can be inherently inserted into the fast factorized back projection algorithm framework, based on divide-and-conquer scheme, recursively yielding low-to-high quality images. With this technique, along-track motion perturbations of flights and unknown tomography variations, can be accommodated at the additional but neglectable computational expenses. Results from real ice-sounding data in Antarctica are presented to validate the promising performance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129198291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221453
Zhao Zhou, Zhaohui Wei, Jian Ren, Nan Sun, Jiali Kang, Ying-Zheng Yin, M. Shen
An increasing number of researchers devote to applying machine learning for ac-celerating design of microwave structures (e.g., antenna, metasurface, filter, etc.), inspired by the great potential that machine learning shows in many fields, such as image/speech/digits recognition, self-driving, text processing, etc. Despite the fact that machine learning based design has been widely validated to be accurate and well-behaved, machine learning based design methods are often doubted in terms of efficiency, because a large amount of simulation works are mandatory to be executed previously for preparing sufficient training data. In that sense, machine learning based design seems not to be efficient, as it takes more simulation works in total than conventional optimization algorithm based design methods. This paper investigates the efficiency of machine learning based design compared with typical optimization algorithm based design, and a generic solution is proposed for reducing the burden of data preparation to improve the efficiency of machine learning based design. By qualitatively analyzing the required simulation cycles during the whole design process, we propose efficiency measures to demonstrate and compare the efficiency of machine learning based design and typical optimization algorithm based design in the context of metasurface design. According to the comparison result, machine learning based design outperforms other methods in terms of efficiency when it comes to high-bit metasurface design, while optimization algorithm based design is more efficient for low-bit meta-surface. Based on the observation, we introduced an improved design approach that combines the advantages of optimization algorithms and machine learning. The qualitative analysis and improved design approach mayalso bring inspiration to the design of other microwave structures. Investigating on improved data acquisition method for reducing required simulation and training data is a promising direction for further boosting machine learning based accelerated design of microwave structures.
{"title":"A Study on Machine Learning Assisted Accelerated Design of Microwave Structures","authors":"Zhao Zhou, Zhaohui Wei, Jian Ren, Nan Sun, Jiali Kang, Ying-Zheng Yin, M. Shen","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221453","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of researchers devote to applying machine learning for ac-celerating design of microwave structures (e.g., antenna, metasurface, filter, etc.), inspired by the great potential that machine learning shows in many fields, such as image/speech/digits recognition, self-driving, text processing, etc. Despite the fact that machine learning based design has been widely validated to be accurate and well-behaved, machine learning based design methods are often doubted in terms of efficiency, because a large amount of simulation works are mandatory to be executed previously for preparing sufficient training data. In that sense, machine learning based design seems not to be efficient, as it takes more simulation works in total than conventional optimization algorithm based design methods. This paper investigates the efficiency of machine learning based design compared with typical optimization algorithm based design, and a generic solution is proposed for reducing the burden of data preparation to improve the efficiency of machine learning based design. By qualitatively analyzing the required simulation cycles during the whole design process, we propose efficiency measures to demonstrate and compare the efficiency of machine learning based design and typical optimization algorithm based design in the context of metasurface design. According to the comparison result, machine learning based design outperforms other methods in terms of efficiency when it comes to high-bit metasurface design, while optimization algorithm based design is more efficient for low-bit meta-surface. Based on the observation, we introduced an improved design approach that combines the advantages of optimization algorithms and machine learning. The qualitative analysis and improved design approach mayalso bring inspiration to the design of other microwave structures. Investigating on improved data acquisition method for reducing required simulation and training data is a promising direction for further boosting machine learning based accelerated design of microwave structures.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125537575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221470
Lang Li, Tao Wang, Peng Huang, Guihua Zeng
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) technology has the characteristics of high channel capacity and well compatibility with existing optical communication infrastructures, and has become an important implementation method of quantum secure communication. Quantum photonics technology provides a promising solution for the construction of low-cost, miniaturized, portable, scalable and highly stable CV-QKD systems that can be deployed at large scale [1]. Therefore, it is of great significance to research and build a chip-based CV-QKD system with higher integration, higher system performance and higher practical security for the development of high-performance and practical quantum secure communication technology. This paper mainly reports the latest progress of the research of on-chip CV-QKD system in terms of system practical security [2] and integration of high-performance light sources [3].
{"title":"Quantum Photonics Enhances Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution","authors":"Lang Li, Tao Wang, Peng Huang, Guihua Zeng","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221470","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) technology has the characteristics of high channel capacity and well compatibility with existing optical communication infrastructures, and has become an important implementation method of quantum secure communication. Quantum photonics technology provides a promising solution for the construction of low-cost, miniaturized, portable, scalable and highly stable CV-QKD systems that can be deployed at large scale [1]. Therefore, it is of great significance to research and build a chip-based CV-QKD system with higher integration, higher system performance and higher practical security for the development of high-performance and practical quantum secure communication technology. This paper mainly reports the latest progress of the research of on-chip CV-QKD system in terms of system practical security [2] and integration of high-performance light sources [3].","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126716455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221362
N. Yener
As an extension of affirmative past work by the author on the feasibility of an infinite speed of light, this note focuses on the consequences of an infinite speed of light $c$ for a charge density in a motion that starts abruptly in time. In previous work it was proved that the scalar and vector potentials need to be non-retarded or speed of light must be infinite for such a charge density in order that Maxwell's equations be satisfied by the scalar and vector potentials. Here it is found that for this abruptly starting motion of a charge density function Maxwell's equations will fail even if the potentials are not retarded. For even though an infinite $c$ is sufficient for the Lorenz condition on the potentials to be satisfied when $t > 0$, it is not at $t=0$. Then there arises the problem of facing unsatisfied Maxwell's equations and hence the necessity of having to introduce additional source terms into these equations to render them satisfied. It is seen that with inclusion of electric charge and current density terms this objective cannot be attained, and magnetic charge and current density terms are needed as the only means. The steps for the determination of the required magnetic sources are given. The problem is seen to be reduced to that of solving an inverse source problem for Poisson's equation. The obtained electric and magnetic fields with the introduced magnetic sources are non-retarded. The obtained results apply to the case of a continuous charge distribution as well as a point charge.
{"title":"Motion of a Charge Density and the Speed of Light in Vacuum Revisited","authors":"N. Yener","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221362","url":null,"abstract":"As an extension of affirmative past work by the author on the feasibility of an infinite speed of light, this note focuses on the consequences of an infinite speed of light $c$ for a charge density in a motion that starts abruptly in time. In previous work it was proved that the scalar and vector potentials need to be non-retarded or speed of light must be infinite for such a charge density in order that Maxwell's equations be satisfied by the scalar and vector potentials. Here it is found that for this abruptly starting motion of a charge density function Maxwell's equations will fail even if the potentials are not retarded. For even though an infinite $c$ is sufficient for the Lorenz condition on the potentials to be satisfied when $t > 0$, it is not at $t=0$. Then there arises the problem of facing unsatisfied Maxwell's equations and hence the necessity of having to introduce additional source terms into these equations to render them satisfied. It is seen that with inclusion of electric charge and current density terms this objective cannot be attained, and magnetic charge and current density terms are needed as the only means. The steps for the determination of the required magnetic sources are given. The problem is seen to be reduced to that of solving an inverse source problem for Poisson's equation. The obtained electric and magnetic fields with the introduced magnetic sources are non-retarded. The obtained results apply to the case of a continuous charge distribution as well as a point charge.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126547028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221259
Daniel Poul Mtowe, Seongho Son, D. Ahn, Dong Min Kim
Over the past few decades, the tuning of cavity filters has often been done by trial and error, using human experience and intuition, due to the imprecision of the design and manufacturing tolerances, which often results in detuning the filters and requiring costly post-production fine-tuning. Various techniques using optimization and machine learning have been investigated to automate the process. The superiority of a deep reinforcement learning approach, which can properly explore various possibilities and operate them in the desired way according to the well-defined reward, has motivated us to apply it to our problem. To meet the demand for an automatic tuning algorithm for cavity filters with high accuracy and efficiency, this study proposes an automatic tuning algorithm for cavity filters based on the deep reinforcement learning. For the efficiency of the tuning process, we limit the order of the elements to be tuned, inspired by the experience of experts based on domain knowledge. In addition, the coarse tuning process is performed first, followed by the fine tuning process to improve the tuning accuracy. The proposed method has demonstrated the ability of the deep reinforcement learning to learn the complex relationship between impedance values of equivalent circuit elements and S-parameters to effectively satisfy filter design requirements within an acceptable time range. The performance of the proposed automatic tuning algorithm has been evaluated through simulation experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by the fact that it is able to tune a detuned filter from random starting point to meet its design requirements.
{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Auto-tuning Algorithm for Cavity Filters","authors":"Daniel Poul Mtowe, Seongho Son, D. Ahn, Dong Min Kim","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221259","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, the tuning of cavity filters has often been done by trial and error, using human experience and intuition, due to the imprecision of the design and manufacturing tolerances, which often results in detuning the filters and requiring costly post-production fine-tuning. Various techniques using optimization and machine learning have been investigated to automate the process. The superiority of a deep reinforcement learning approach, which can properly explore various possibilities and operate them in the desired way according to the well-defined reward, has motivated us to apply it to our problem. To meet the demand for an automatic tuning algorithm for cavity filters with high accuracy and efficiency, this study proposes an automatic tuning algorithm for cavity filters based on the deep reinforcement learning. For the efficiency of the tuning process, we limit the order of the elements to be tuned, inspired by the experience of experts based on domain knowledge. In addition, the coarse tuning process is performed first, followed by the fine tuning process to improve the tuning accuracy. The proposed method has demonstrated the ability of the deep reinforcement learning to learn the complex relationship between impedance values of equivalent circuit elements and S-parameters to effectively satisfy filter design requirements within an acceptable time range. The performance of the proposed automatic tuning algorithm has been evaluated through simulation experiments. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by the fact that it is able to tune a detuned filter from random starting point to meet its design requirements.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121181716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221356
Nuno P. Silva, Bilal Amin, Eoghan Dunne, Martin O'Halloran, A. Elahi
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilation of the aorta artery larger than the normal diameter of the artery (> 3 cm) in the abdominal region. Endovascular abdominal aortic repair (EVAR) is the main treatment option for AAA, that involves deploying a graft into the diseased portion of the aorta artery. Hence, creating a new pathway for blood flow and preventing the risk of rupture. This treatment requires follow-up routine on the first and sixth month, and yearly afterwards; which is time-consuming, costly, and resource-demanding for healthcare systems. An alternative approach to traditional imaging modalities used in the follow-up routine is the implantation of a wireless sensor. In this study, a novel wireless implantable sensor with a stent-like Z-shaped configuration is proposed with the objective of tracking the growth of the aneurysm. The proposed sensor is based on an inductor that is designed in a sequential ring of six struts inspired by stent-struts. The inductor has the ability to expand and contract with a change in the diameter of the aneurysm. This study aims to characterise the electrical characteristics of the inductor as the inductor expands with a growing abdominal aortic aneurysm. An analytical expression was developed to define the geometric changes in the inductor that occur over the growth of the aneurysm, and are responsible for the changes in the electrical characteristics of the inductor. Electrical characteristics, including inductance, resistance, and quality factor, were observed in the numerical and experimental evaluation of the performance of the inductor with varying radii. The experimental and numerical results showed that an increase of radius from 5 to 50 mm resulted in an increase of 77% and 106% of inductance, respectively. Moreover, the average percentage difference between the numerical and experimental inductance values was found to be 10%. The resistance of the sensor remains constant during expansion. The preliminary findings of this study showed that the proposed sensor can be used to track the corresponding expansion of the aortic aneurysm over time.
{"title":"Development and Characterisation of a Stent-Like Z-Shaped Wireless Implantable Sensor for Aneurysm Size Detection","authors":"Nuno P. Silva, Bilal Amin, Eoghan Dunne, Martin O'Halloran, A. Elahi","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221356","url":null,"abstract":"Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilation of the aorta artery larger than the normal diameter of the artery (> 3 cm) in the abdominal region. Endovascular abdominal aortic repair (EVAR) is the main treatment option for AAA, that involves deploying a graft into the diseased portion of the aorta artery. Hence, creating a new pathway for blood flow and preventing the risk of rupture. This treatment requires follow-up routine on the first and sixth month, and yearly afterwards; which is time-consuming, costly, and resource-demanding for healthcare systems. An alternative approach to traditional imaging modalities used in the follow-up routine is the implantation of a wireless sensor. In this study, a novel wireless implantable sensor with a stent-like Z-shaped configuration is proposed with the objective of tracking the growth of the aneurysm. The proposed sensor is based on an inductor that is designed in a sequential ring of six struts inspired by stent-struts. The inductor has the ability to expand and contract with a change in the diameter of the aneurysm. This study aims to characterise the electrical characteristics of the inductor as the inductor expands with a growing abdominal aortic aneurysm. An analytical expression was developed to define the geometric changes in the inductor that occur over the growth of the aneurysm, and are responsible for the changes in the electrical characteristics of the inductor. Electrical characteristics, including inductance, resistance, and quality factor, were observed in the numerical and experimental evaluation of the performance of the inductor with varying radii. The experimental and numerical results showed that an increase of radius from 5 to 50 mm resulted in an increase of 77% and 106% of inductance, respectively. Moreover, the average percentage difference between the numerical and experimental inductance values was found to be 10%. The resistance of the sensor remains constant during expansion. The preliminary findings of this study showed that the proposed sensor can be used to track the corresponding expansion of the aortic aneurysm over time.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116665913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221478
A. Krotov, Mihail Krotov, S. Matsenko, T. Salgals, V. Bobrovs
Modern aircraft information and telecommunication systems are segmented into two separate networks: data transmission and video networks. This differs from the typical approach for modern telecommunications in which all types of traffic are transmitted through one network (for example, access NGN-IMS networks). The external aircraft electromagnetic environment is constantly becoming more complicated: the high intensity of the electromagnetic field $(E_{mf})$ due to the increase of radio frequencies quantity and their frequencies spectrum expansion, which occupies a band from 10 kHz to 3 GHz that affects the quality of service of electronic devices on board. A new method of image representation with forward error correction (FEC) codes was developed and considered. The method decreases the Bit Error Ratio (BER) for asymmetric data transmission via fiber optics and computational complexity for video correction. The paper investigates the superior performance of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC-) based on Irregular Repeat-Accumulate (IRA) codes over regular LDPC codes for the same code rate with Gaussian noise to match a certain signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The LDPC FEC codes are simulated with code rates $R_{c}in{1/2}$ from the digital video broadcasting by satellite - second-generation (DVB-S2) standard. This setup has 17 low-data network subscribers and one highly loaded network section for video transmission. This approach makes it possible to increase the load in the asymmetric networks for aircraft onboard electronic systems and to ensure the quality of video images in the pickup environment to avionics during operation, for example, radar devices.
{"title":"Aircraft Optical Video Transmission Communication based on the Forward Error Correction Codes","authors":"A. Krotov, Mihail Krotov, S. Matsenko, T. Salgals, V. Bobrovs","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221478","url":null,"abstract":"Modern aircraft information and telecommunication systems are segmented into two separate networks: data transmission and video networks. This differs from the typical approach for modern telecommunications in which all types of traffic are transmitted through one network (for example, access NGN-IMS networks). The external aircraft electromagnetic environment is constantly becoming more complicated: the high intensity of the electromagnetic field $(E_{mf})$ due to the increase of radio frequencies quantity and their frequencies spectrum expansion, which occupies a band from 10 kHz to 3 GHz that affects the quality of service of electronic devices on board. A new method of image representation with forward error correction (FEC) codes was developed and considered. The method decreases the Bit Error Ratio (BER) for asymmetric data transmission via fiber optics and computational complexity for video correction. The paper investigates the superior performance of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC-) based on Irregular Repeat-Accumulate (IRA) codes over regular LDPC codes for the same code rate with Gaussian noise to match a certain signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The LDPC FEC codes are simulated with code rates $R_{c}in{1/2}$ from the digital video broadcasting by satellite - second-generation (DVB-S2) standard. This setup has 17 low-data network subscribers and one highly loaded network section for video transmission. This approach makes it possible to increase the load in the asymmetric networks for aircraft onboard electronic systems and to ensure the quality of video images in the pickup environment to avionics during operation, for example, radar devices.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121449332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221238
Long Chen, Z. Lan, Xiong Wei Wu, Qian Ma, J. You, T. Cui
As topological phases in the physics of condensed matter have evolved over the last few years, topological photonics began to emerge and therefore attracted wide attention. Photonic crystals provide an excellent platform for the study of topological phenomena, combining the flexibly tuned symmetries of photonic crystals with the macroscopic properties of classical photonic systems. Graphene's special physical properties make it an excellent candidate for the realization of topological photonic systems at terahertz (THz) and mid-infrared (MIR) frequencies. Topological valley transport based on graphene plasmons was studied, as well as bilayer systems for valley and layer pseudospin studies. However, high point group symmetry topological systems have been the focus of most of the relevant studies to date. In this paper, it is shown for the first time that graphene plasmonic crystals with $C_{1v}$ symmetry are able to open the Dirac cone, leading to topological band gap. Subsequently, a domain-wall interface will be constructed and quantum valley Hall plasmons will be demonstrated in a monolayer graphene metasurface. In a graphene metasurface consisting of two layers, we also demonstrate quantum pseudospin Hall plasmons. Further exploration of the Dirac points protected by low-symmetry and their promising practical applications will be facilitated by the initial study and demonstration of the low-symmetric $C_{2v}$ and $C_{1v}$ point groups. Furthermore, this new low point group symmetry design principle is extendable to other classical waves.
{"title":"Low-symmetrical Topological Graphene Metasurfaces with Quantum Valley and Spin Hall Effects","authors":"Long Chen, Z. Lan, Xiong Wei Wu, Qian Ma, J. You, T. Cui","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221238","url":null,"abstract":"As topological phases in the physics of condensed matter have evolved over the last few years, topological photonics began to emerge and therefore attracted wide attention. Photonic crystals provide an excellent platform for the study of topological phenomena, combining the flexibly tuned symmetries of photonic crystals with the macroscopic properties of classical photonic systems. Graphene's special physical properties make it an excellent candidate for the realization of topological photonic systems at terahertz (THz) and mid-infrared (MIR) frequencies. Topological valley transport based on graphene plasmons was studied, as well as bilayer systems for valley and layer pseudospin studies. However, high point group symmetry topological systems have been the focus of most of the relevant studies to date. In this paper, it is shown for the first time that graphene plasmonic crystals with $C_{1v}$ symmetry are able to open the Dirac cone, leading to topological band gap. Subsequently, a domain-wall interface will be constructed and quantum valley Hall plasmons will be demonstrated in a monolayer graphene metasurface. In a graphene metasurface consisting of two layers, we also demonstrate quantum pseudospin Hall plasmons. Further exploration of the Dirac points protected by low-symmetry and their promising practical applications will be facilitated by the initial study and demonstration of the low-symmetric $C_{2v}$ and $C_{1v}$ point groups. Furthermore, this new low point group symmetry design principle is extendable to other classical waves.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"25 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125676129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221392
V. Vekariya, Vishal P. Sorathiya, K. Jadav
We proposed the numerical study and analysis of a tunable surface plasmon resonance-based refractive index sensor for the infrared frequency spectrum. The proposed structure was formed using Au-Si-Graphene-GeSbTe(GST)-MXene-BK7 composited material structure. The proposed design has been numerically simulated over the infrared wavelength of $1.3 mu mathrm{m}$ to $2.5 mu mathrm{m}$. This structure can be tunable with different temperature values because of the state of the phase material GST. The GST material provides two forms of tunability: amorphous state (aGST) and crystalline state (cGST). This design is numerically investigated over the optical refractive index of 1 to 2.4, covering the standard refractive index of biomarker concentrations such as haemoglobin, urine, cortisol, cancerous etc. The proposed structure's tunable behaviour will help design a biosensor structure and its point of care device for a wide range of biosensing or refractive index sensing applications.
提出了一种基于表面等离子体共振的可调谐红外光谱折射率传感器的数值研究和分析。该结构采用au - si -石墨烯- gesbte (GST)-MXene-BK7复合材料结构形成。在$1.3 mu mathrm{m}$到$2.5 mu mathrm{m}$的红外波长范围内对所提出的设计进行了数值模拟。由于相材料GST的状态，这种结构可以在不同的温度值下进行调节。GST材料提供两种形式的可调性:无定形(aGST)和晶态(cGST)。该设计在1至2.4的光学折射率范围内进行了数值研究，涵盖了血红蛋白、尿液、皮质醇、癌症等生物标志物浓度的标准折射率。所提出的结构的可调行为将有助于设计生物传感器结构及其护理点设备，用于广泛的生物传感或折射率传感应用。
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Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221536
N. Yener
We treat the problem of determining the magnetic sources that have been shown to come into existence when an electric charge density abruptly starts an arbitrary motion and hence an infinite speed of light becomes necessary for the satisfaction of the Lorenz condition for the scalar and vector potentials. The change that the Poynting theorem equation undergoes when an infinite speed of light constraint is enforced is the basis for the development and also use is made of the fact that the required magnetic and electric charge density functions share the same support and the same velocity in their motion. Reference to Green's functions in the source region is made to obtain the solution for the magnetic sources. The magnetic sources are computed to be in the form $m=Zrho$ and $vec{M}=Zvec{J}$ where $Z$ is the wave impedance of the lossless, simple medium which can be vacuum. Also, the solution of Maxwell's equations incorporating the magnetic charge and current densities is given in terms of potentials with an infinite speed of propagation for the waves emitted by the charge functions. The magnetic scalar potential is a summation in the form of an integral of monopole moments. For $t > 0$ even though the resulting differential equations involve biharmonic operators, particular solutions of these equations are essentially solutions of Poisson's equations. When $t > 0$ the same Lorenz condition for the case with no magnetic sources appears also in this case with magnetic sources. The solutions for the potentials at $t=0$ where the Lorenz condition fails are obtained using the Helmholtz theorem.
{"title":"Motion of a Charge Density, Necessary Magnetic Sources and Solution of Maxwell's Equations including Magnetic Sources by Employing Potentials","authors":"N. Yener","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221536","url":null,"abstract":"We treat the problem of determining the magnetic sources that have been shown to come into existence when an electric charge density abruptly starts an arbitrary motion and hence an infinite speed of light becomes necessary for the satisfaction of the Lorenz condition for the scalar and vector potentials. The change that the Poynting theorem equation undergoes when an infinite speed of light constraint is enforced is the basis for the development and also use is made of the fact that the required magnetic and electric charge density functions share the same support and the same velocity in their motion. Reference to Green's functions in the source region is made to obtain the solution for the magnetic sources. The magnetic sources are computed to be in the form $m=Zrho$ and $vec{M}=Zvec{J}$ where $Z$ is the wave impedance of the lossless, simple medium which can be vacuum. Also, the solution of Maxwell's equations incorporating the magnetic charge and current densities is given in terms of potentials with an infinite speed of propagation for the waves emitted by the charge functions. The magnetic scalar potential is a summation in the form of an integral of monopole moments. For $t > 0$ even though the resulting differential equations involve biharmonic operators, particular solutions of these equations are essentially solutions of Poisson's equations. When $t > 0$ the same Lorenz condition for the case with no magnetic sources appears also in this case with magnetic sources. The solutions for the potentials at $t=0$ where the Lorenz condition fails are obtained using the Helmholtz theorem.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131486536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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