Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221516
Congguang Mao, Chuanbao Du, Zheng Liu, Dongyang Sun, Xin Nie
The electromagnetic environment effect (E3) mainly concerns the risk of the system function impacted by the exterior intense radio signal. The E3 assessments try to capture the potential weakness of systems with tests, computations and estimations. The method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is helpful to divide the large systems into smaller parts. On the other hand, AHP has disadvantages of subjectivity and loss of the original connectivity. The Bayesian Networks (BN) from the field of statistical causality or explainable artificial intelligence (AI) can absorb not only the advantages of AHP, but also permit the objective data obtained by the test and computations. So the primary trial indicates that the BN can remedy these shortcomings. And the joint Application of AHP) and BN provide us a whole hierarchical view of the E3 assessment activities.
{"title":"Joint Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Bayesian Networks (BN) to Electromagnetic Environment Effects (E3) Assessment","authors":"Congguang Mao, Chuanbao Du, Zheng Liu, Dongyang Sun, Xin Nie","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221516","url":null,"abstract":"The electromagnetic environment effect (E3) mainly concerns the risk of the system function impacted by the exterior intense radio signal. The E3 assessments try to capture the potential weakness of systems with tests, computations and estimations. The method of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is helpful to divide the large systems into smaller parts. On the other hand, AHP has disadvantages of subjectivity and loss of the original connectivity. The Bayesian Networks (BN) from the field of statistical causality or explainable artificial intelligence (AI) can absorb not only the advantages of AHP, but also permit the objective data obtained by the test and computations. So the primary trial indicates that the BN can remedy these shortcomings. And the joint Application of AHP) and BN provide us a whole hierarchical view of the E3 assessment activities.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126740176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221500
¨O. Eri¸s, ¨O. Erg¨ul
We present computational design and analysis of near-zero-index (NZI) shell structures with elliptical cavities, which can provide directional radiation characteristics when excited by isotropic sources. Alternative strategies, such as geometric shaping of internal cavities, using pyramidal textures, and selecting suitable material properties, are employed to create symmetric and asymmetric beams.
{"title":"Computational Design and Analysis of Beam-generating Shells with Elliptical Cavities Made of Near-Zero-Index Materials","authors":"¨O. Eri¸s, ¨O. Erg¨ul","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221500","url":null,"abstract":"We present computational design and analysis of near-zero-index (NZI) shell structures with elliptical cavities, which can provide directional radiation characteristics when excited by isotropic sources. Alternative strategies, such as geometric shaping of internal cavities, using pyramidal textures, and selecting suitable material properties, are employed to create symmetric and asymmetric beams.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121458878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221389
Min Ye, M. Tong
In this paper, a novel frequency-adjustable resistive-capacitive (RC) relaxation oscillator is proposed based on the UMC55 process. In order to reduce the power consumption, the operational amplifiers instead of comparators are used in the traditional RC oscillator structure. Also, the key resistors and capacitors have been designed to be adjustable so as to adapt to process deviations. The overall structure is controlled by a negative feedback to oscillate the frequency, generating a 4-MHz clock output with a frequency adjustment range of $pm 10%$. The simulation results show that the adjustment function has a strong linearity and accuracy, and the RC oscillator can be adjusted to have the frequency of 4MHz under different process, voltage, and temperature conditions.
{"title":"A Novel Frequency-Adjustable RC Relaxation Oscillator with Low Power Consumption","authors":"Min Ye, M. Tong","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221389","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel frequency-adjustable resistive-capacitive (RC) relaxation oscillator is proposed based on the UMC55 process. In order to reduce the power consumption, the operational amplifiers instead of comparators are used in the traditional RC oscillator structure. Also, the key resistors and capacitors have been designed to be adjustable so as to adapt to process deviations. The overall structure is controlled by a negative feedback to oscillate the frequency, generating a 4-MHz clock output with a frequency adjustment range of $pm 10%$. The simulation results show that the adjustment function has a strong linearity and accuracy, and the RC oscillator can be adjusted to have the frequency of 4MHz under different process, voltage, and temperature conditions.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121490463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221280
Yiming Zhang, Wei Wu, Yuxi Liu, Sailing He
In this paper, we analyze the microstrip phase delay (PD) lines of different lengths are applied between the unit-cells (UCs) of leaky-wave antenna (LWA). The employment of PD lines can offer the phase compensations (PCs) for each UC, the simulation experiments observed that the PD lines can significantly improve the realized gain of LWA and reduce the operating bandwidth due to longer PD lines exciting the higher order modes of phase constant. Therefore, the scanning rates (SRs), i.e., scanning range divided by operating bandwidth (%), can remarkably increase. Besides, in order to maintain the beam scanning ability of LWA in travelling-wave direction (or longitudinal direction), the PD lines are placed and varied in the lateral direction. The phase constants in the lateral direction component are also proven to be able to excite higher order modes. Benefit from this, the multi-beam LWAs in the lateral direction can be obtained by the PD lines with optimal lengths, and patterns of multi-beam are fixed with the operating frequency changing.
{"title":"Analysis of a Leaky-wave Antenna with High Scanning Rate Using Microstrip Phase Delay Lines","authors":"Yiming Zhang, Wei Wu, Yuxi Liu, Sailing He","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221280","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyze the microstrip phase delay (PD) lines of different lengths are applied between the unit-cells (UCs) of leaky-wave antenna (LWA). The employment of PD lines can offer the phase compensations (PCs) for each UC, the simulation experiments observed that the PD lines can significantly improve the realized gain of LWA and reduce the operating bandwidth due to longer PD lines exciting the higher order modes of phase constant. Therefore, the scanning rates (SRs), i.e., scanning range divided by operating bandwidth (%), can remarkably increase. Besides, in order to maintain the beam scanning ability of LWA in travelling-wave direction (or longitudinal direction), the PD lines are placed and varied in the lateral direction. The phase constants in the lateral direction component are also proven to be able to excite higher order modes. Benefit from this, the multi-beam LWAs in the lateral direction can be obtained by the PD lines with optimal lengths, and patterns of multi-beam are fixed with the operating frequency changing.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"8 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120809475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221376
Yezhou Yang, W. Yu, H. Bao, Dazhi Ding, T. Cui
An efficient discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method with polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is proposed to analyze unbounded target scattering with interval-valued electromagnetic parameters. The proposed PCE technology is used to represent the interval-valued variables in electromagnetic analysis. The method maintains the advantages of DGTD approach which is a spatially explicit algorithm that can be easily parallelized. Moreover, the electromagnetic properties in the interval can be obtained from just a single simulation. The proposed method is validated by modeling a dielectric missile with an interval-valued permittivity. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Interval Evaluation of Electromagnetic Scattering Using a Polynomial Chaos Expansion-Based DGTD Method","authors":"Yezhou Yang, W. Yu, H. Bao, Dazhi Ding, T. Cui","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221376","url":null,"abstract":"An efficient discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method with polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is proposed to analyze unbounded target scattering with interval-valued electromagnetic parameters. The proposed PCE technology is used to represent the interval-valued variables in electromagnetic analysis. The method maintains the advantages of DGTD approach which is a spatially explicit algorithm that can be easily parallelized. Moreover, the electromagnetic properties in the interval can be obtained from just a single simulation. The proposed method is validated by modeling a dielectric missile with an interval-valued permittivity. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127980058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221496
K. Kaboutari, P. Pinho, A. Oliveira
The purpose of this work is to present a novel design and application for a printed Magneto-Electric Dipole (MED) antenna with a directional pattern and high gain intended for use in the n78-5G NR frequency band implementations. Indeed, the MED antenna should have a resonance frequency of 3.5 GHz and work within the 3.3 to 3.8 GHz range. The electric and magnetic dipoles as well as a reflector ground structure have been formed on an FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1 mm. The manufactured antenna has a 10 dBi stable gain in its frequency band. It also exhibits a S11 of less than -25 dB at a resonance frequency of 3.5 GHz. As a result, a quad Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) structure is designed and fabricated in accordance with the physical specifications of its electrical and mechanical container and the requirements for the application. The fabricated quad-MIMO antennas covering the frequency range of 3.27 to 3.83 GHz achieve 10 dBi gains. As a result of quad-MIMO antennas' unidirectional radiation patterns, there is a greater than 10 dB contrast between the co- and cross-polarized radiation patterns in the main direction of the antenna. Furthermore, aligned and vertical antennas provide isolation of more than 16 dB. The single-element and quad-MIMO MED antennas are analyzed in Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite, a high-frequency simulator software.
{"title":"5G Indoor Micro-BTS Antenna Design Using Quad-MIMO MED Antennas","authors":"K. Kaboutari, P. Pinho, A. Oliveira","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221496","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to present a novel design and application for a printed Magneto-Electric Dipole (MED) antenna with a directional pattern and high gain intended for use in the n78-5G NR frequency band implementations. Indeed, the MED antenna should have a resonance frequency of 3.5 GHz and work within the 3.3 to 3.8 GHz range. The electric and magnetic dipoles as well as a reflector ground structure have been formed on an FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1 mm. The manufactured antenna has a 10 dBi stable gain in its frequency band. It also exhibits a S11 of less than -25 dB at a resonance frequency of 3.5 GHz. As a result, a quad Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) structure is designed and fabricated in accordance with the physical specifications of its electrical and mechanical container and the requirements for the application. The fabricated quad-MIMO antennas covering the frequency range of 3.27 to 3.83 GHz achieve 10 dBi gains. As a result of quad-MIMO antennas' unidirectional radiation patterns, there is a greater than 10 dB contrast between the co- and cross-polarized radiation patterns in the main direction of the antenna. Furthermore, aligned and vertical antennas provide isolation of more than 16 dB. The single-element and quad-MIMO MED antennas are analyzed in Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite, a high-frequency simulator software.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129167788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221277
T. Nagayama
The design method of broadband metasurfaces for generating a two-dimensional (2-D) Gaussian beam from a normal incident plane wave with the same amplitude distribution is presented based on the one-dimensional transmission-line model. The formula of the characteristic impedance of the model is derived according to the concept and an electromagnetic metasurface is designed by using the model with the parameters determined from the formula. Circuit simulations are carried out to confirm the validity of the design with the model. The results show that the designed metasurface generates a 2-D Gaussian beam from an incident plane wave and also has the broadband characteristics.
{"title":"Design Method of Broadband Metasurfaces for Generating a Two-dimensional Gaussian Beam from a Normal Incident Plane Wave with the Same Amplitude Distribution","authors":"T. Nagayama","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221277","url":null,"abstract":"The design method of broadband metasurfaces for generating a two-dimensional (2-D) Gaussian beam from a normal incident plane wave with the same amplitude distribution is presented based on the one-dimensional transmission-line model. The formula of the characteristic impedance of the model is derived according to the concept and an electromagnetic metasurface is designed by using the model with the parameters determined from the formula. Circuit simulations are carried out to confirm the validity of the design with the model. The results show that the designed metasurface generates a 2-D Gaussian beam from an incident plane wave and also has the broadband characteristics.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129016055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221371
M. Ivanyan, B. Grigoryan, L. Aslyan, A. Grigoryan, A. Vardanyan, V. Avagyan
The resonant properties of wake fields in a three-layer cylindrical waveguide are investigated. A metal-dielectric waveguide is considered, the walls of which are covered from the inside with a thin low-conductivity metal layer that prevents charge accumulation on the dielectric surface and, at the same time, absorbs residual gas molecules. The distorting effect of the inner metal coating on the resonant characteristics of the wake fields is estimated. Various combinations of geometric and electromagnetic parameters of the structure are considered in order to optimize it as a beam guide with minimal losses or a source of monochromatic radiation.
{"title":"Wake Fields in a Three-Layer Cylindrical Waveguide","authors":"M. Ivanyan, B. Grigoryan, L. Aslyan, A. Grigoryan, A. Vardanyan, V. Avagyan","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221371","url":null,"abstract":"The resonant properties of wake fields in a three-layer cylindrical waveguide are investigated. A metal-dielectric waveguide is considered, the walls of which are covered from the inside with a thin low-conductivity metal layer that prevents charge accumulation on the dielectric surface and, at the same time, absorbs residual gas molecules. The distorting effect of the inner metal coating on the resonant characteristics of the wake fields is estimated. Various combinations of geometric and electromagnetic parameters of the structure are considered in order to optimize it as a beam guide with minimal losses or a source of monochromatic radiation.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130409676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221351
Peng Zhang, Yi Liu, Jin Di Ouyang, Ming Chu Chen, Jun Cheng Gao, Y. Du, M. Tong
In this paper, we present a fully-coupled electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical multiphysics simulation method for the packaging analysis of chips by overcoming the challenges resulting from the miniaturization of packaging structure and inclusion of thermodynamic and mechanical coupling effects. By using the multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment (MOOSE), we achieve a parallel high-performance simulation which employs a hybrid scheme of combining the finite element method (FEM) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to minimize computational costs. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the method has a superior efficiency compared to the COMSOL while it can give a consistent result.
{"title":"A Novel Multiphysics Simulation Method for Packaging Analysis of Chips Based on MOOSE","authors":"Peng Zhang, Yi Liu, Jin Di Ouyang, Ming Chu Chen, Jun Cheng Gao, Y. Du, M. Tong","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221351","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a fully-coupled electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical multiphysics simulation method for the packaging analysis of chips by overcoming the challenges resulting from the miniaturization of packaging structure and inclusion of thermodynamic and mechanical coupling effects. By using the multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment (MOOSE), we achieve a parallel high-performance simulation which employs a hybrid scheme of combining the finite element method (FEM) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to minimize computational costs. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the method has a superior efficiency compared to the COMSOL while it can give a consistent result.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116689714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a novel spoof surface plasmon polaritons frequency scanning antenna is proposed. A specific periodic structure in the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is constructed to realize the surface wave with the characteristics of surface plasmon dispersion similar to those of optical band. An impedance transition structure is then designed to gradually convert a spatially-guided wave in the coplanar waveguide into a surface wave mode in the groove periodic structure. The surface wave is a slow wave and does not have a leakage emission, so a periodic modulation is needed to produce leakage-radiation characteristics. By constructing the cosine periodic groove on the inner conductor of the surface-wave transmission line based on the SIW, the surface wave can be transformed into a space wave so that the frequency-sweeping characteristics of the leakage wave antenna with a directional pattern can be realized. Simulation results show that the antenna can achieve a bidirectional scanning range from −16° to 65° over a frequency band of 4 – 8 GHz, and the maximum gain is 13 dBi. Also, the periodic modulation structure is embedded in the inner conductor part of the coplanar waveguide, so it is simple and easy to be integrated.
{"title":"A Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons Frequency Scanning Antenna Based on Coplanar Waveguides","authors":"Zhen Wang, Xiao Yu Li, X. Lu, Jingrui Duan, M. Tong","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221364","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel spoof surface plasmon polaritons frequency scanning antenna is proposed. A specific periodic structure in the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is constructed to realize the surface wave with the characteristics of surface plasmon dispersion similar to those of optical band. An impedance transition structure is then designed to gradually convert a spatially-guided wave in the coplanar waveguide into a surface wave mode in the groove periodic structure. The surface wave is a slow wave and does not have a leakage emission, so a periodic modulation is needed to produce leakage-radiation characteristics. By constructing the cosine periodic groove on the inner conductor of the surface-wave transmission line based on the SIW, the surface wave can be transformed into a space wave so that the frequency-sweeping characteristics of the leakage wave antenna with a directional pattern can be realized. Simulation results show that the antenna can achieve a bidirectional scanning range from −16° to 65° over a frequency band of 4 – 8 GHz, and the maximum gain is 13 dBi. Also, the periodic modulation structure is embedded in the inner conductor part of the coplanar waveguide, so it is simple and easy to be integrated.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116947374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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