Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221499
Ming Jin, Xi Rui Yang, C. Yang, M. Tong
Electromagnetic inverse scattering is a challenging problem in many areas of science and engineering, including radar imaging, medical imaging, and non-destructive testing. The goal of inverse scattering is to recover the properties of an object from the scattered electromagnetic waves that are generated when the object is illuminated with incident waves. The inverse scattering problem is inherently difficult because the properties of the object cannot be measured directly, and only the scattered waves can be observed. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great promise in solving inverse scattering problems. The U-Net model is a popular CNN architecture that has been used to solve a wide range of image processing and recognition tasks. However, the U-Net model has limitations in dealing with complex inverse scattering problems due to the limited information available in the scattered wave data. To address this limitation, we propose an improved U-Net model called M-Net, which incorporates multi-scale features and a mean output layer to improve the accuracy and stability of the reconstruction. The M-Net model consists of a multi-scale input layer, a U-shape convolutional neural network, and a multi-scale mean output layer. Direct prediction methods take scattering field data as network input, which can greatly reduce the manual calculation workload, but this method does not make full use of known physical a priori information, resulting in a waste of computing resources. Therefore, we use diffraction tomography (DT) images based on Born approximation as the network input, which can ensure imaging accuracy and improve computational efficiency. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a simulation experiment is carried out with a target medium as the reconstruction target. The results show that the M-Net model combined with the tomographic diffraction algorithm is superior to the U-Net model and other existing direct-solving methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency in solving the electromagnetic inverse scattering problems. The error analysis further proves the superior performance of the M-Net model combined with the tomographic diffraction algorithm in the complex inverse scattering problem.
{"title":"Improved Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering with M-Net Model Incorporating Diffraction Tomography","authors":"Ming Jin, Xi Rui Yang, C. Yang, M. Tong","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221499","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic inverse scattering is a challenging problem in many areas of science and engineering, including radar imaging, medical imaging, and non-destructive testing. The goal of inverse scattering is to recover the properties of an object from the scattered electromagnetic waves that are generated when the object is illuminated with incident waves. The inverse scattering problem is inherently difficult because the properties of the object cannot be measured directly, and only the scattered waves can be observed. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great promise in solving inverse scattering problems. The U-Net model is a popular CNN architecture that has been used to solve a wide range of image processing and recognition tasks. However, the U-Net model has limitations in dealing with complex inverse scattering problems due to the limited information available in the scattered wave data. To address this limitation, we propose an improved U-Net model called M-Net, which incorporates multi-scale features and a mean output layer to improve the accuracy and stability of the reconstruction. The M-Net model consists of a multi-scale input layer, a U-shape convolutional neural network, and a multi-scale mean output layer. Direct prediction methods take scattering field data as network input, which can greatly reduce the manual calculation workload, but this method does not make full use of known physical a priori information, resulting in a waste of computing resources. Therefore, we use diffraction tomography (DT) images based on Born approximation as the network input, which can ensure imaging accuracy and improve computational efficiency. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a simulation experiment is carried out with a target medium as the reconstruction target. The results show that the M-Net model combined with the tomographic diffraction algorithm is superior to the U-Net model and other existing direct-solving methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency in solving the electromagnetic inverse scattering problems. The error analysis further proves the superior performance of the M-Net model combined with the tomographic diffraction algorithm in the complex inverse scattering problem.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129396702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221317
E. Lipenbergs, Inga Vagale, V. Bobrovs
By the spreading of electronic communications to high-speed and high-capacity broadband networks characterized by connection speeds of up to several Gbps in fifth-generation (5G) networks and data rate of at least 1 Tbps for sixth-generation (6G), it is essential to ensure an appropriate quality of service. The research covers the regulatory and services supervision aspects for finding an optimal set of algorithms as a comprehensive scope of the internet connections information availability and broadband deployment assessment in light of the aim for seamless as possible prime internet access coverage. The availability of broadband and related services for all end-users is particularly important due to continuing dynamic development of mobile technology generations, given, for example, the potential extreme fragmentation of 5G and 6G technology development, which could lead to more pronounced services differentiation due to insufficient geographical coverage, which can delimit and increasingly ‘distance’ technologically advanced geographical areas from sparsely populated administrative areas with possibly limited access to infrastructure. Taking into account end-user necessities also for easy choices of service offers based on their actual needs some directions are highlighted concerning Quality-of-Service (QoS) information management in relationship with the price options on certain geographic areas or addresses. The baseline of the information collecting looks like the opposite or delayed opinion of high-end technologies spreading but at the same time without objecting to the development of new broadband generations the information on regular classes of widely available broadband services is crucially important for every end-user to choose the best option at their location and also for regulatory authorities to make smart and weighted decisions, even to support the implementation of the latest technologies. The research covers the information requests and seeking flows, particularly for regulators to find the optimal model for gathering all necessary information on broadband access services availability and characteristics.
{"title":"Development of Representing Algorithms for Internet Broadband Geographically Based Information Modules Interaction","authors":"E. Lipenbergs, Inga Vagale, V. Bobrovs","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221317","url":null,"abstract":"By the spreading of electronic communications to high-speed and high-capacity broadband networks characterized by connection speeds of up to several Gbps in fifth-generation (5G) networks and data rate of at least 1 Tbps for sixth-generation (6G), it is essential to ensure an appropriate quality of service. The research covers the regulatory and services supervision aspects for finding an optimal set of algorithms as a comprehensive scope of the internet connections information availability and broadband deployment assessment in light of the aim for seamless as possible prime internet access coverage. The availability of broadband and related services for all end-users is particularly important due to continuing dynamic development of mobile technology generations, given, for example, the potential extreme fragmentation of 5G and 6G technology development, which could lead to more pronounced services differentiation due to insufficient geographical coverage, which can delimit and increasingly ‘distance’ technologically advanced geographical areas from sparsely populated administrative areas with possibly limited access to infrastructure. Taking into account end-user necessities also for easy choices of service offers based on their actual needs some directions are highlighted concerning Quality-of-Service (QoS) information management in relationship with the price options on certain geographic areas or addresses. The baseline of the information collecting looks like the opposite or delayed opinion of high-end technologies spreading but at the same time without objecting to the development of new broadband generations the information on regular classes of widely available broadband services is crucially important for every end-user to choose the best option at their location and also for regulatory authorities to make smart and weighted decisions, even to support the implementation of the latest technologies. The research covers the information requests and seeking flows, particularly for regulators to find the optimal model for gathering all necessary information on broadband access services availability and characteristics.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124540121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221421
Sinan Saeed Jasim Alsaadi, A. Kocakusak, Y. Albayrak, S. Helhel
This study focused on determining electrical parameters, both complex dielectric permittivity and tangent loss coefficients, for Juniper wood in its natural form. Therefore, enough rendered samples were selected and kept in the room where the temperature was around $23{{}^{circ}mathrm{C}}pm 2$. Between 2.17 GHz and 6 GHz, three standard waveguide adaptors were used to cover the whole band. Measurements were conducted and repeated considering moisture content variation to express an empiric mathematical model which will allow calculating electrical parameters of natural woods without any $S-text{parameter}$ measurements (will not require VNA-like equipment for future). The Juniper sample was subjected to $S-text{parameter}$ measurements, and 500 data were recorded for the prescribed moisture content value. The selected specimens were three softwood and six hardwood species since comparison can be meaningful for industry. A total of 54 empirical models have been generated, 3 for the dielectric constant of individual tree species and 3 for the loss tangent values of particular tree species, and these models are supported by their density values. A total of 16500 data generated from $S-text{parameter}$ measurements were used in the analysis, in which each measure contains 500 raw data. The proposed mathematical models allow for predicting the electrical properties of selected natural wood samples without requiring any microwave measurements, which is the novelty of this study.
{"title":"An Empiric Mathematical Models to Predict Electrical Properties of Natural Juniper Wood Samples by Using Non-Distractive Methods","authors":"Sinan Saeed Jasim Alsaadi, A. Kocakusak, Y. Albayrak, S. Helhel","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221421","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on determining electrical parameters, both complex dielectric permittivity and tangent loss coefficients, for Juniper wood in its natural form. Therefore, enough rendered samples were selected and kept in the room where the temperature was around $23{{}^{circ}mathrm{C}}pm 2$. Between 2.17 GHz and 6 GHz, three standard waveguide adaptors were used to cover the whole band. Measurements were conducted and repeated considering moisture content variation to express an empiric mathematical model which will allow calculating electrical parameters of natural woods without any $S-text{parameter}$ measurements (will not require VNA-like equipment for future). The Juniper sample was subjected to $S-text{parameter}$ measurements, and 500 data were recorded for the prescribed moisture content value. The selected specimens were three softwood and six hardwood species since comparison can be meaningful for industry. A total of 54 empirical models have been generated, 3 for the dielectric constant of individual tree species and 3 for the loss tangent values of particular tree species, and these models are supported by their density values. A total of 16500 data generated from $S-text{parameter}$ measurements were used in the analysis, in which each measure contains 500 raw data. The proposed mathematical models allow for predicting the electrical properties of selected natural wood samples without requiring any microwave measurements, which is the novelty of this study.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121602814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221482
Bo Long, Zhi-Chao Wang, Jia-wei Tan, Feng Wang
Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) is an effective remote sensing technique to obtain valuable 3D information of targets such as satellites using multi-view ISAR images. The special imaging mechanism of ISAR makes the target features vary greatly with the view angles. The silhouette, although more robust than scattered point features, relies on accurate projection information for 3D reconstruction of the target. This paper introduces a differentiable voxel reconstruction network that uses a differentiable projection operator to guarantee the backward propagation of the neural network. The view angle is set as a learnable parameter, so that 3D reconstruction can be achieved even for silhouettes with view angle noise. Experiments on simulation data demonstrate that the proposed method are much better than other traditional silhouette-based 3D reconstruction methods under the view angle noise condition.
{"title":"Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Space Targets from Multi-view ISAR Images Using Differentiable Voxel Reconstruction Network","authors":"Bo Long, Zhi-Chao Wang, Jia-wei Tan, Feng Wang","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221482","url":null,"abstract":"Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) is an effective remote sensing technique to obtain valuable 3D information of targets such as satellites using multi-view ISAR images. The special imaging mechanism of ISAR makes the target features vary greatly with the view angles. The silhouette, although more robust than scattered point features, relies on accurate projection information for 3D reconstruction of the target. This paper introduces a differentiable voxel reconstruction network that uses a differentiable projection operator to guarantee the backward propagation of the neural network. The view angle is set as a learnable parameter, so that 3D reconstruction can be achieved even for silhouettes with view angle noise. Experiments on simulation data demonstrate that the proposed method are much better than other traditional silhouette-based 3D reconstruction methods under the view angle noise condition.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"68 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120998549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221503
Sara Yehia Abdel Fatah, Fatma Taher, T. Elwi, M. F. Abo Sree, Mohammad Alibakhshikenart, B. Virdee, P. Livreri, Naser Ojaroudi Patchin, C. See, Giovanni Pau, I. Dayoub, E. Limiti
In this article, an antenna design is presented based on three horizontally staggered microstrip lines for wearable telemedicine devices. The antenna is excited through a 50-ohm microstrip line. The proposed antenna was fabricated using conductive copper tape of 35μm thickness and printed on a flexible photo paper suitable for telemedicine applications. The proposed antenna has physical dimensions of 40 × 35 ×0.635 mm3. It was designed to operate at the ISM band 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna design was simulated and optimized using Computer Simulation Technology of Microwave Studio software (CSTMWS). The design of the antenna was then validated through measurement. The results show good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The proposed antenna's performance is evaluated in terms of radiation efficiency, radiation patterns, and return loss. The results confirm the antenna described here is suitable for wearable wireless electronic devices.
{"title":"Flexible Antenna Design for Wearable Telemedicine Applications","authors":"Sara Yehia Abdel Fatah, Fatma Taher, T. Elwi, M. F. Abo Sree, Mohammad Alibakhshikenart, B. Virdee, P. Livreri, Naser Ojaroudi Patchin, C. See, Giovanni Pau, I. Dayoub, E. Limiti","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221503","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an antenna design is presented based on three horizontally staggered microstrip lines for wearable telemedicine devices. The antenna is excited through a 50-ohm microstrip line. The proposed antenna was fabricated using conductive copper tape of 35μm thickness and printed on a flexible photo paper suitable for telemedicine applications. The proposed antenna has physical dimensions of 40 × 35 ×0.635 mm3. It was designed to operate at the ISM band 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna design was simulated and optimized using Computer Simulation Technology of Microwave Studio software (CSTMWS). The design of the antenna was then validated through measurement. The results show good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The proposed antenna's performance is evaluated in terms of radiation efficiency, radiation patterns, and return loss. The results confirm the antenna described here is suitable for wearable wireless electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122329879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221501
Hannah McAleese, Alessandro Laneve, M. Paternostro
Entanglement distribution among the nodes of a quantum network is possible without having to send any entanglement. We extend this phenomenon to a multipartite setting, using one separable carrier to entangle multiple qubits. It is shown that postselective measurements on the carrier at the end of the protocol can be used to enhance the entanglement produced. We consider the impact of sending the carrier through noisy channels. An experimental proposal is put forward to demonstrate how this could be realised using photons.
{"title":"Multipartite Entanglement Distribution Using Separable States","authors":"Hannah McAleese, Alessandro Laneve, M. Paternostro","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221501","url":null,"abstract":"Entanglement distribution among the nodes of a quantum network is possible without having to send any entanglement. We extend this phenomenon to a multipartite setting, using one separable carrier to entangle multiple qubits. It is shown that postselective measurements on the carrier at the end of the protocol can be used to enhance the entanglement produced. We consider the impact of sending the carrier through noisy channels. An experimental proposal is put forward to demonstrate how this could be realised using photons.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116339027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221395
J. Ydreborg, S. Huber, G. Krieger
High-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) imaging using scan-on-receive (SCORE) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with one or multiple simultaneous beams is being heavily investigated using digital beamforming paradigms. However, a contender is analogue beamforming using photonics. In this work, the feasibility of photonics enhanced beamforming in SAR systems in higher frequency bands and bandwidths is investigated using a state-of-the-art SAR system as a comparison. The most common performance indicators are derived and an example SAR system is devised, with a discussion on potential antenna configurations. The integrated microwave photonics (IMWP) platforms available and most suited to SAR systems is discussed, including architectures and materials. Additionally, an investigation into system noise and dynamic range performance reveals a number of essential challenges that need to be addressed, including the reduction of losses an thereby the required number of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) and the noise performance of the laser(s). The reconfiguration speed of beamforming phase shifters and true-time delay (TTD) elements are essential for SCORE operation with a large number of beams, which limits the viable materials used for these elements. The current state of IMWP indicate that these advanced systems with many beams and channels is very difficult to realize for SAR and implementations in simpler systems are more viable. However, the rapid development of IMWP indicate that these beamforming systems will soon be viable for SAR.
{"title":"Optical Beamforming Concepts for Wide-Swath Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems","authors":"J. Ydreborg, S. Huber, G. Krieger","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221395","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) imaging using scan-on-receive (SCORE) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with one or multiple simultaneous beams is being heavily investigated using digital beamforming paradigms. However, a contender is analogue beamforming using photonics. In this work, the feasibility of photonics enhanced beamforming in SAR systems in higher frequency bands and bandwidths is investigated using a state-of-the-art SAR system as a comparison. The most common performance indicators are derived and an example SAR system is devised, with a discussion on potential antenna configurations. The integrated microwave photonics (IMWP) platforms available and most suited to SAR systems is discussed, including architectures and materials. Additionally, an investigation into system noise and dynamic range performance reveals a number of essential challenges that need to be addressed, including the reduction of losses an thereby the required number of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) and the noise performance of the laser(s). The reconfiguration speed of beamforming phase shifters and true-time delay (TTD) elements are essential for SCORE operation with a large number of beams, which limits the viable materials used for these elements. The current state of IMWP indicate that these advanced systems with many beams and channels is very difficult to realize for SAR and implementations in simpler systems are more viable. However, the rapid development of IMWP indicate that these beamforming systems will soon be viable for SAR.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126651958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221304
Zedi Li, Yijun Xie, Renlong Zhu, Jingyi Wang, Zhengqiong Dong, Xiaoping Zhou, Lei Nie, Shiyuan Liu, Jinlong Zhu
Nowadays, photonic devices are increasingly applied in photonic chips, and photonic nanostructures are an important component of photonic devices. Due to their small size and high precision requirements, it is necessary to measure photonic devices as soon as possible after production. In this paper, we propose a microscopy system based on modified co-optical off-axis digital holographic microscopy (CO-DHM), which uses the Kramers-Kronig (KK) relation to extract phase information from interferograms. This configuration reduces noise and is single-shot, meaning high-speed and high-precision phase imaging can be achieved. We applied this microscopy system to the measurement of photonic nanostructures and perform phase imaging of a strip waveguide and a gold marker on an in-house developed photonic chip.
{"title":"Optical Measurement of Photonic Nanostructures Based on Quantitative Phase Microscopy","authors":"Zedi Li, Yijun Xie, Renlong Zhu, Jingyi Wang, Zhengqiong Dong, Xiaoping Zhou, Lei Nie, Shiyuan Liu, Jinlong Zhu","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221304","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, photonic devices are increasingly applied in photonic chips, and photonic nanostructures are an important component of photonic devices. Due to their small size and high precision requirements, it is necessary to measure photonic devices as soon as possible after production. In this paper, we propose a microscopy system based on modified co-optical off-axis digital holographic microscopy (CO-DHM), which uses the Kramers-Kronig (KK) relation to extract phase information from interferograms. This configuration reduces noise and is single-shot, meaning high-speed and high-precision phase imaging can be achieved. We applied this microscopy system to the measurement of photonic nanostructures and perform phase imaging of a strip waveguide and a gold marker on an in-house developed photonic chip.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125808339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
THz backward-wave oscillator (BWO) is a high-power, tunable frequency, and high-frequency terahertz radiation source. In this paper, the high-frequency system and electron optics system of a 1.0 THz BWO are studied. And the staggered double vane structure is used to improve the efficiency of the beam wave interaction efficiency. At the operating voltage of 25 kV and the electron beam current of 20 mA, the stable output power of BWO is 554mW, and the oscillation frequency is 1.029 THz. We also designed the electron optics system of a 1.0 THz BWO, in which the cathode excitation current reached 20mA at an operating voltage of 25 kV. Under the influence of a uniform magnetic field of 1.2 T, the transmission was stable, and the pass rate was over 99%.
{"title":"Design and Simulation of 1.0 THz Staggered Double Vane Backward-wave Oscillator","authors":"Wenxin Liu, Xiangpeng Liu, Zhi-qiang Zhang, Zhihao Jin, Fan Deng, Zhaochuan Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221517","url":null,"abstract":"THz backward-wave oscillator (BWO) is a high-power, tunable frequency, and high-frequency terahertz radiation source. In this paper, the high-frequency system and electron optics system of a 1.0 THz BWO are studied. And the staggered double vane structure is used to improve the efficiency of the beam wave interaction efficiency. At the operating voltage of 25 kV and the electron beam current of 20 mA, the stable output power of BWO is 554mW, and the oscillation frequency is 1.029 THz. We also designed the electron optics system of a 1.0 THz BWO, in which the cathode excitation current reached 20mA at an operating voltage of 25 kV. Under the influence of a uniform magnetic field of 1.2 T, the transmission was stable, and the pass rate was over 99%.","PeriodicalId":354610,"journal":{"name":"2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125842606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1109/PIERS59004.2023.10221281
Tianhua Chen, E. Grabs, A. Ipatovs, E. Petersons, A. Ancans
Granular network traffic classification is gaining high priority, which is crucial for the Internet Service Providers (ISP), Over The Top (OTT) providers' operation and maintenance management and users' Quality of Experience (QoE) improvement. Streaming video category traffic takes up a significant proportion of Internet traffic. Its ground truth sources include the application types, streaming network communication protocols, resolution, refresh rates, video encoding protocols, physical network resource bandwidth, and associated with the video source. However, the credibility of the traffic classification work based on the ground truths above-mentioned is not high since the quality of the video source cannot be guaranteed. The user's perception is poor even when watching higher resolution and refresh rate in a particular scenario. Secondly, different video platforms use different technical standards, which will inevitably cause video quality compression loss in transmission and viewing. The user viewing experience varies greatly, even under the same standard. In this paper, we propose to implement the traffic classification task by calculating the video bitrates of Video on Demand (VoD) and Video Live Streaming (VLS) as accurate classification labels and using machine learning techniques, in which we will examine the real-time bitrates during real-world video transmission compared with the bitrates set by theoretical recommendations to find the differences between the two scenarios.
细粒度网络流量分类对于ISP (Internet Service Providers)、OTT (Over the Top)提供商的运维管理和用户体验质量(Quality of Experience)的提升至关重要。流视频类流量在互联网流量中占有相当大的比例。其基真源包括应用类型、流媒体网络通信协议、分辨率、刷新率、视频编码协议、物理网络资源带宽以及与之相关的视频源。然而，基于上述地面事实的流量分类工作的可信度并不高，因为视频源的质量无法保证。即使在特定场景中观看更高的分辨率和刷新率，用户的感知也很差。其次，不同的视频平台采用不同的技术标准，在传输和观看过程中难免会造成视频质量压缩损失。即使在相同的标准下，用户的观看体验也会有很大差异。在本文中，我们提出通过计算视频点播(VoD)和视频直播(VLS)的视频比特率作为准确的分类标签并使用机器学习技术来实现流量分类任务，其中我们将检查现实世界视频传输中的实时比特率与理论建议设置的比特率进行比较，以找出两种场景之间的差异。
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