Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch026
Haytham Siala, Giuseppe Pedeliento, Daniela Andreini
The multi-disciplinary literature on ethics asserts that the relationship between religiosity and ethical perceptions and judgements is an under-researched topic. Despite its importance, few studies have examined the relationship between religiosity and the learning of business ethics. This research investigates whether religiosity is conducive to the learning of business ethics in a digital learning environment: a serious 3D ethics game. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 302 final-year students from two different academic institutions based in the UK. The results of a structural equation modelling analysis suggest that religiosity does not inform the ethical perceptions and decisions of religious individuals in digital learning environments. Religious individuals perceive the utilitarian aspects of a serious game such as ease of use to be more important for learning ethics than religion. In contrast, less religious individuals perceive the hedonic aspects of a serious game to be a key catalyst for enhancing the learning of ethics.
{"title":"The Effect of Religiosity on Learning Ethics in Serious Gaming Environments","authors":"Haytham Siala, Giuseppe Pedeliento, Daniela Andreini","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch026","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-disciplinary literature on ethics asserts that the relationship between religiosity and ethical perceptions and judgements is an under-researched topic. Despite its importance, few studies have examined the relationship between religiosity and the learning of business ethics. This research investigates whether religiosity is conducive to the learning of business ethics in a digital learning environment: a serious 3D ethics game. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 302 final-year students from two different academic institutions based in the UK. The results of a structural equation modelling analysis suggest that religiosity does not inform the ethical perceptions and decisions of religious individuals in digital learning environments. Religious individuals perceive the utilitarian aspects of a serious game such as ease of use to be more important for learning ethics than religion. In contrast, less religious individuals perceive the hedonic aspects of a serious game to be a key catalyst for enhancing the learning of ethics.","PeriodicalId":355025,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125135642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch023
P. February
This chapter investigates the effectiveness of a digital reading tool, called GraphoGame, that could be employed as one of the solutions to the poor reading results of learners that have been revealed in both national and international assessments in Namibia, specifically, and Sub-Saharan Africa in general. Following a research study, this chapter sets out to demonstrate that, through pre-and post-tests, GraphoGame Afrikaans improved the initial reading skills of Grade 1 learners. The results have implications for the utilization of computer-assisted tools to support reading acquisition in the lower grades. As GraphoGame employs a scaffolded approach by presenting learners with letters and words, it can be utilized to support learners individually in classes with large numbers, as is typical in Africa.
{"title":"GraphoGame","authors":"P. February","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch023","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates the effectiveness of a digital reading tool, called GraphoGame, that could be employed as one of the solutions to the poor reading results of learners that have been revealed in both national and international assessments in Namibia, specifically, and Sub-Saharan Africa in general. Following a research study, this chapter sets out to demonstrate that, through pre-and post-tests, GraphoGame Afrikaans improved the initial reading skills of Grade 1 learners. The results have implications for the utilization of computer-assisted tools to support reading acquisition in the lower grades. As GraphoGame employs a scaffolded approach by presenting learners with letters and words, it can be utilized to support learners individually in classes with large numbers, as is typical in Africa.","PeriodicalId":355025,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126729217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch029
Cristina A. Huertas-Abril, M. García-Molina
The consideration that the only goal of games is the achievement of entertainment is still commonly accepted, although there is now an outgrowing perspective that believes in the use of games to promote learning. This exploratory quantitative research examines both in-service and pre-service Spanish teacher perceptions (n = 112) about using digital games in their lessons, paying a special attention to the TPACK model, and comparing the results regarding age, gender, and professional situation. Responses show a positive attitude towards the potential use of video games in their lessons, although there are differences considering the results of the items concerning technological, pedagogical, or content knowledge. The data presented in this study is relevant to guide the design of curriculum and training programs, as well as to develop strategies to support and scaffold pre-service and in-service teachers' knowledge and practical implementation of digital game-based learning (DGBL).
{"title":"Spanish Teacher Attitudes Towards Digital Game-Based Learning","authors":"Cristina A. Huertas-Abril, M. García-Molina","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch029","url":null,"abstract":"The consideration that the only goal of games is the achievement of entertainment is still commonly accepted, although there is now an outgrowing perspective that believes in the use of games to promote learning. This exploratory quantitative research examines both in-service and pre-service Spanish teacher perceptions (n = 112) about using digital games in their lessons, paying a special attention to the TPACK model, and comparing the results regarding age, gender, and professional situation. Responses show a positive attitude towards the potential use of video games in their lessons, although there are differences considering the results of the items concerning technological, pedagogical, or content knowledge. The data presented in this study is relevant to guide the design of curriculum and training programs, as well as to develop strategies to support and scaffold pre-service and in-service teachers' knowledge and practical implementation of digital game-based learning (DGBL).","PeriodicalId":355025,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116817781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch034
B. Culatta, Lee Ann Setzer, Kendra M. Hall-Kenyon
Use of digital media in early childhood literacy programs offers significant opportunities for interaction, engagement, and meaningful practice of phonic skills—and also a few pitfalls. The purpose of this chapter is to review 1) considerations for use of digital media in early childhood settings, 2) selection of appropriate media to facilitate early literacy learning, and 3) inclusion of digital media as an integral component of early literacy instruction, rather than an add-on. With an emphasis on practical ideas and solutions for instructors, the authors draw on studies in which interactive, personalized ebooks and an early literacy learning app were used in conjunction with face-to-face, hands-on activities drawn from Project SEEL (Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy).
{"title":"Incorporating Digital Literacy Materials in Early Childhood Programs","authors":"B. Culatta, Lee Ann Setzer, Kendra M. Hall-Kenyon","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch034","url":null,"abstract":"Use of digital media in early childhood literacy programs offers significant opportunities for interaction, engagement, and meaningful practice of phonic skills—and also a few pitfalls. The purpose of this chapter is to review 1) considerations for use of digital media in early childhood settings, 2) selection of appropriate media to facilitate early literacy learning, and 3) inclusion of digital media as an integral component of early literacy instruction, rather than an add-on. With an emphasis on practical ideas and solutions for instructors, the authors draw on studies in which interactive, personalized ebooks and an early literacy learning app were used in conjunction with face-to-face, hands-on activities drawn from Project SEEL (Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy).","PeriodicalId":355025,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128285546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch041
Anshita Chelawat, Seema Sant
It is a proven fact that learning with the element of fun and games makes the learning process interesting and also helps in student retention. Especially, in the context of e-learning environment, where learner motivation and engagement level are not easy to monitor, it is required to implement some mechanism which can improve their intrinsic motivation and make them self-motivated. Gamification in education and using game-based formative assessment tools will be of great help to not only motivate learners to opt for e-learning courses, but to complete till the end. The current study, thus, focuses on use of game-based formative assessment to improve learners' motivation in the e-learning environment so that their drop-out rates can be controlled, and their engagement level can be improved. Also, it intends to assess the past literature and identify the essential gaming mechanics which can possibly impact the learner motivation. It will also highlight the theoretical perspective used in previous studies on gamification, engagement, and motivation.
{"title":"Learner Motivation Through Gamification in E-Learning","authors":"Anshita Chelawat, Seema Sant","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch041","url":null,"abstract":"It is a proven fact that learning with the element of fun and games makes the learning process interesting and also helps in student retention. Especially, in the context of e-learning environment, where learner motivation and engagement level are not easy to monitor, it is required to implement some mechanism which can improve their intrinsic motivation and make them self-motivated. Gamification in education and using game-based formative assessment tools will be of great help to not only motivate learners to opt for e-learning courses, but to complete till the end. The current study, thus, focuses on use of game-based formative assessment to improve learners' motivation in the e-learning environment so that their drop-out rates can be controlled, and their engagement level can be improved. Also, it intends to assess the past literature and identify the essential gaming mechanics which can possibly impact the learner motivation. It will also highlight the theoretical perspective used in previous studies on gamification, engagement, and motivation.","PeriodicalId":355025,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125215177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch005
M. Mahruf C. Shohel, M. Ashrafuzzaman, Iffat Naomee, Sanjida Akter Tanni, Farhan Azim
Game-based pedagogies use games for achieving learning outcomes by guiding the learners through specific tasks, which can be digital and/or non-digital and can promote deep meaningful learning. Therefore, the design of game-based learning helps learners to engage in the meaning-making process and ensure better participation. As the boundaries of classroom learning become blurred through blended or hybrid learning approaches, game-based learning enhances digital literacies for digital natives to prepare them for building a knowledge economy. By exploring existing literature, this chapter highlights how technology can support teachers and learners to go beyond their existing pedagogical boundaries by focusing on ways games may serve as digital sources of learning. It also explores the role game-based pedagogies and digital learning design frameworks play in enhancing learner engagement, collaboration, and cultural understanding.
{"title":"Game-Based Teaching and Learning in Higher Education","authors":"M. Mahruf C. Shohel, M. Ashrafuzzaman, Iffat Naomee, Sanjida Akter Tanni, Farhan Azim","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"Game-based pedagogies use games for achieving learning outcomes by guiding the learners through specific tasks, which can be digital and/or non-digital and can promote deep meaningful learning. Therefore, the design of game-based learning helps learners to engage in the meaning-making process and ensure better participation. As the boundaries of classroom learning become blurred through blended or hybrid learning approaches, game-based learning enhances digital literacies for digital natives to prepare them for building a knowledge economy. By exploring existing literature, this chapter highlights how technology can support teachers and learners to go beyond their existing pedagogical boundaries by focusing on ways games may serve as digital sources of learning. It also explores the role game-based pedagogies and digital learning design frameworks play in enhancing learner engagement, collaboration, and cultural understanding.","PeriodicalId":355025,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130924411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The technological developments and innovations have thrown open many challenges in the field of higher education. We are growing up in a society of digital natives who are exposed to the digital environment from their birth. Of late, the focus has shifted from traditional teaching methods to finding innovative ways and means to engage the students. Competence building instead of rote learning is the need of the hour. In order to prepare the students to face the challenges of the real world and make them future ready, it is important for higher educational institutions to focus on imparting to learners 21st century skill sets such as creativity, problem solving, and critical thinking, amongst others. Game-based learning is gaining momentum and is becoming a popular pedagogical tool as it is learner-centric and fosters creativity.
{"title":"Game-Based Learning in Higher Education","authors":"Sunitha Abhay Jain, Nilofer Hussaini, S. John, Daisy Alexander, Bidisha Sarkar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"The technological developments and innovations have thrown open many challenges in the field of higher education. We are growing up in a society of digital natives who are exposed to the digital environment from their birth. Of late, the focus has shifted from traditional teaching methods to finding innovative ways and means to engage the students. Competence building instead of rote learning is the need of the hour. In order to prepare the students to face the challenges of the real world and make them future ready, it is important for higher educational institutions to focus on imparting to learners 21st century skill sets such as creativity, problem solving, and critical thinking, amongst others. Game-based learning is gaining momentum and is becoming a popular pedagogical tool as it is learner-centric and fosters creativity.","PeriodicalId":355025,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning","volume":"1633 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122699828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch018
Sharon M. Peck
Drawing on a multimodal framework, this chapter looks at the ways engagement and embodiment of learning are mediated through play as sixth graders learn to skin or repurpose board games to represent the story of The Lightning Thief. Studying game design for the purpose of skinning, that is, applying a new theme or skin to a game, provides a literacy learning process that can foster collaborative, creative, and authentic learning. Outcomes demonstrated gains in social skills and interactions, critical thinking, reading comprehension, visual representation, graphic design, and writing for specific purposes. Analysis revealed that students were immersed in the learning process to the extent that they felt comfortable acting informally, responding in the moment, and being playful. This chapter shows a way to foster academic growth, engagement in learning, and collaboration is to engage students in skinning games based on literature and integrated a playful learning environment.
{"title":"Play Is the Game","authors":"Sharon M. Peck","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch018","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on a multimodal framework, this chapter looks at the ways engagement and embodiment of learning are mediated through play as sixth graders learn to skin or repurpose board games to represent the story of The Lightning Thief. Studying game design for the purpose of skinning, that is, applying a new theme or skin to a game, provides a literacy learning process that can foster collaborative, creative, and authentic learning. Outcomes demonstrated gains in social skills and interactions, critical thinking, reading comprehension, visual representation, graphic design, and writing for specific purposes. Analysis revealed that students were immersed in the learning process to the extent that they felt comfortable acting informally, responding in the moment, and being playful. This chapter shows a way to foster academic growth, engagement in learning, and collaboration is to engage students in skinning games based on literature and integrated a playful learning environment.","PeriodicalId":355025,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129764603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch036
Md.Jahangir Alam, Sheikh Rashid Bin Islam, K. Ogawa
The curriculum is an essential and integral part of the education system for lifelong learning and better children's outcomes. The sum of experience throughout their schooling journey can be defined as an educational curriculum expressed in a much broader sense. The school's type of school, study materials used, teaching methods, available school facilities, and the qualifications of schoolteachers provided at the end of primary schooling often diverge with different educational curricula due to the government policy dilemma. There is no unified primary education curriculum in Bangladesh's case. More than three mainstream educational curricula can be founded, each with its own unique set of traits, benefits, and shortcomings. This chapter explores what factors affect a school's choice, which is linked with the educational curriculum being offered, and how it affects the student's quality of education. This chapter also explores gamification theory's implementation to ensure quality primary education in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Discrete Primary Education Curriculum in Bangladesh","authors":"Md.Jahangir Alam, Sheikh Rashid Bin Islam, K. Ogawa","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch036","url":null,"abstract":"The curriculum is an essential and integral part of the education system for lifelong learning and better children's outcomes. The sum of experience throughout their schooling journey can be defined as an educational curriculum expressed in a much broader sense. The school's type of school, study materials used, teaching methods, available school facilities, and the qualifications of schoolteachers provided at the end of primary schooling often diverge with different educational curricula due to the government policy dilemma. There is no unified primary education curriculum in Bangladesh's case. More than three mainstream educational curricula can be founded, each with its own unique set of traits, benefits, and shortcomings. This chapter explores what factors affect a school's choice, which is linked with the educational curriculum being offered, and how it affects the student's quality of education. This chapter also explores gamification theory's implementation to ensure quality primary education in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":355025,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116505724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the lenses of Vygotskian constructivism, situated cognition, the antecedents of flow, and a pedagogy interwoven with the multiliteracy framework, the authors present a COVID-19 simulation game. The game has multiple levels, challenges, disrupters, and allows for student player groups to work together (i.e., collaborate within and across player groups) to achieve the strategic objectives of the game. The player groups have an overall goal to minimize loss of life, while other parameters need to be optimized, depending on the stakeholder group that the player group is role-playing. While the game can be digitized, it is presented in a manner that allows instructors to implement the game simulation right away in their classrooms. Assessment rubrics, decision matrix templates, and debriefing notes are provided to allow for student learners to reflect on their decisions (based on course concepts) both individually and as a player group.
{"title":"Live Long and Educate","authors":"Samantha Taylor, Binod Sundararajan, Cora-Lynn Munroe-Lynds","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7271-9.ch011","url":null,"abstract":"Using the lenses of Vygotskian constructivism, situated cognition, the antecedents of flow, and a pedagogy interwoven with the multiliteracy framework, the authors present a COVID-19 simulation game. The game has multiple levels, challenges, disrupters, and allows for student player groups to work together (i.e., collaborate within and across player groups) to achieve the strategic objectives of the game. The player groups have an overall goal to minimize loss of life, while other parameters need to be optimized, depending on the stakeholder group that the player group is role-playing. While the game can be digitized, it is presented in a manner that allows instructors to implement the game simulation right away in their classrooms. Assessment rubrics, decision matrix templates, and debriefing notes are provided to allow for student learners to reflect on their decisions (based on course concepts) both individually and as a player group.","PeriodicalId":355025,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Acquiring 21st Century Literacy Skills Through Game-Based Learning","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128608155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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