A. Krasteva, S. Gateva, C. Andreeva, G. Alzetta, S. Gozzini, L. Moi, D. Sarkisyan, K. Nasyrov, S. Cartaleva
We report the first observation of sub-natural-width dark resonances of enhanced transparency on the D2 line of potassium, contained in an optical cell with reduced (8mm) dimensions and buffered by 30Torr of Ne. The Potassium vapours are irradiated by a frequency modulated DFB diode laser light (with λ = 766.7nm and 2MHz bandwidth), and are placed in orthogonal to the light magnetic field scanned around zero value. Very good signal-to-noise ratio and narrow (∼20kHz) dark resonances are observed and studied in unshielded laboratory environment. The dark resonance formation is related to coherent superposition of the ground-state Zeeman sublevels by respective components of the frequency-modulated light.
{"title":"Dark-state resonances observed on the D2 line of potassium","authors":"A. Krasteva, S. Gateva, C. Andreeva, G. Alzetta, S. Gozzini, L. Moi, D. Sarkisyan, K. Nasyrov, S. Cartaleva","doi":"10.1117/12.2264223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2264223","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first observation of sub-natural-width dark resonances of enhanced transparency on the D2 line of potassium, contained in an optical cell with reduced (8mm) dimensions and buffered by 30Torr of Ne. The Potassium vapours are irradiated by a frequency modulated DFB diode laser light (with λ = 766.7nm and 2MHz bandwidth), and are placed in orthogonal to the light magnetic field scanned around zero value. Very good signal-to-noise ratio and narrow (∼20kHz) dark resonances are observed and studied in unshielded laboratory environment. The dark resonance formation is related to coherent superposition of the ground-state Zeeman sublevels by respective components of the frequency-modulated light.","PeriodicalId":355156,"journal":{"name":"International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114904442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High intensity energy fluxes, such as electron beams and laser beams are widely used for surface alloying of metals and alloys. These technologies are able to cause the formation of the so called melt pool where the alloying elements interact each other. It is known that the homogenization of the surface alloy can be explained by intense Marangoni convection, caused by the high temperature gradient in the melt pool. The convection is inversely to the speed of the specimen motion during the alloying process and therefore, the choice of low alloying velocity will reflect on more homogeneous structure of the obtained alloy. In this study, a comparison of the structure and properties of electron and laser beam surface alloying of aluminium with niobium was conducted. The phase composition of the alloyed layers was determined by XRD (X-ray diffraction) with CuKα radiation. The microstructure was studied by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Chemical analysis was carried out using an EDX electron probe microanalyser. The microhardness of the obtained samples is also measured and compared with respect to the technology of the formation of each surface alloy.
{"title":"Comparative study of electron and laser beam surface alloying","authors":"S. Valkov, P. Petrov, R. Lazarova","doi":"10.1117/12.2262352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262352","url":null,"abstract":"High intensity energy fluxes, such as electron beams and laser beams are widely used for surface alloying of metals and alloys. These technologies are able to cause the formation of the so called melt pool where the alloying elements interact each other. It is known that the homogenization of the surface alloy can be explained by intense Marangoni convection, caused by the high temperature gradient in the melt pool. The convection is inversely to the speed of the specimen motion during the alloying process and therefore, the choice of low alloying velocity will reflect on more homogeneous structure of the obtained alloy. In this study, a comparison of the structure and properties of electron and laser beam surface alloying of aluminium with niobium was conducted. The phase composition of the alloyed layers was determined by XRD (X-ray diffraction) with CuKα radiation. The microstructure was studied by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Chemical analysis was carried out using an EDX electron probe microanalyser. The microhardness of the obtained samples is also measured and compared with respect to the technology of the formation of each surface alloy.","PeriodicalId":355156,"journal":{"name":"International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128203940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Zekou, I. Tsilikas, E. Chatzitheodoridis, A. Serafetinides
Conservation of cultural heritage treasures is the most important issue for transferring knowledge to the public through the next generation of students, academics, and researchers. Although this century is authenticating e-books and information by means of electronic text, still historical manuscripts as content as well as objects are the main original recourses of keeping a record of this transformation. The current work focuses on cleaning paper samples by the application of pulsed light, which is interventional. Experiments carried out using paper samples that are artificially colonized with Ulocladium chartarum. Paper is treated by Nd:YAG laser light. The available wavelength is 1064 nm, at various fluences, repetition rates and number of pulses. Two types of paper are stained with fungi colonies, which grow on substrates of clean paper, as well as on paper with ink text. The first type of paper is Whatman No.1056, which is closer to pure cellulose. The second type of paper is a page of a cultural heritage book published in 1926. Cleaning is performed using laser irradiation, thus defining the damage threshold of each sample. The treatment on paper Watman showed a yellowing, especially on areas with high concentration of fungi. The second sample was more durable to the exposure, performing the best results at higher fluences. Eventually, the paper samples are characterized, with optical microscopy and SEM/EDX analyses, prior to and after cleaning.
{"title":"Laser paper cleaning: the method of cleaning historical books","authors":"E. Zekou, I. Tsilikas, E. Chatzitheodoridis, A. Serafetinides","doi":"10.1117/12.2262426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262426","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation of cultural heritage treasures is the most important issue for transferring knowledge to the public through the next generation of students, academics, and researchers. Although this century is authenticating e-books and information by means of electronic text, still historical manuscripts as content as well as objects are the main original recourses of keeping a record of this transformation. The current work focuses on cleaning paper samples by the application of pulsed light, which is interventional. Experiments carried out using paper samples that are artificially colonized with Ulocladium chartarum. Paper is treated by Nd:YAG laser light. The available wavelength is 1064 nm, at various fluences, repetition rates and number of pulses. Two types of paper are stained with fungi colonies, which grow on substrates of clean paper, as well as on paper with ink text. The first type of paper is Whatman No.1056, which is closer to pure cellulose. The second type of paper is a page of a cultural heritage book published in 1926. Cleaning is performed using laser irradiation, thus defining the damage threshold of each sample. The treatment on paper Watman showed a yellowing, especially on areas with high concentration of fungi. The second sample was more durable to the exposure, performing the best results at higher fluences. Eventually, the paper samples are characterized, with optical microscopy and SEM/EDX analyses, prior to and after cleaning.","PeriodicalId":355156,"journal":{"name":"International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122838585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Petrov, G. Bokuchava, I. Papushkin, G. Genchev, N. Doynov, V. Michailov, M. Ormanova
The residual stress and microstrain distribution induced by laser beam welding of the low-alloyed C45 steel plate was investigated using high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction. The neutron diffraction experiments were performed on FSD diffractometer at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor in FLNP JINR (Dubna, Russia). The experiments have shown that the residual stress distribution across weld seam exhibit typical alternating sign character as it was observed in our previous studies. The residual stress level is varying in the range from -60 MPa to 450 MPa. At the same time, the microstrain level exhibits sharp maxima at weld seam position with maximal level of ∼4.8·10-3. The obtained experimental results are in good agreement with FEM calculations according to the STAAZ model. The provided numerical model validated with measured data enables to study the influence of different conditions and process parameters on the development of residual welding stresses.
{"title":"Neutron diffraction studies of laser welding residual stresses","authors":"P. Petrov, G. Bokuchava, I. Papushkin, G. Genchev, N. Doynov, V. Michailov, M. Ormanova","doi":"10.1117/12.2261802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2261802","url":null,"abstract":"The residual stress and microstrain distribution induced by laser beam welding of the low-alloyed C45 steel plate was investigated using high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction. The neutron diffraction experiments were performed on FSD diffractometer at the IBR-2 pulsed reactor in FLNP JINR (Dubna, Russia). The experiments have shown that the residual stress distribution across weld seam exhibit typical alternating sign character as it was observed in our previous studies. The residual stress level is varying in the range from -60 MPa to 450 MPa. At the same time, the microstrain level exhibits sharp maxima at weld seam position with maximal level of ∼4.8·10-3. The obtained experimental results are in good agreement with FEM calculations according to the STAAZ model. The provided numerical model validated with measured data enables to study the influence of different conditions and process parameters on the development of residual welding stresses.","PeriodicalId":355156,"journal":{"name":"International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124309693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Durable aerosol/dust loadings affecting the atmosphere over the city of Sofia, Bulgaria (42.65 N, 23.38 E) were monitored by a Nd:YAG-laser-based lidar, from April to July 2009. The events lasted almost throughout the entire period. This study is only focused on the experimental results obtained on 15 and 23 April, when extraordinary in altitude (up to 15 km) aerosol layers were detected. For the two days, Dust Regional Atmospheric Model, provided by the Barcelona Super-Computing Center, had forecast Saharan dust incursions over Bulgaria. The origin of the aerosol layers detected by the lidar was identified using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model for calculations of the backward air-mass trajectories. The results of measurements are presented in terms of time-averaged vertical profiles of the atmospheric backscatter coefficient and color maps in height-time coordinates, which illustrate the aerosol-mass spatial distribution and its temporal evolution, within the stable layers registered. Retrieved profiles at the two lidar wavelengths (532 nm and 1064 nm) are used to calculate the corresponding profiles of the backscatter-related Ǻngström exponent as a qualitative indicator of the dominant aerosol particle size fractions in the layers observed.
2009年4月至7月，利用Nd: yag激光雷达监测了影响保加利亚索非亚市(42.65 N, 23.38 E)大气的持久气溶胶/粉尘负荷。这些事件几乎贯穿了整个时期。本研究仅关注4月15日和23日获得的实验结果，当时在高度(高达15公里)检测到异常气溶胶层。两天来，巴塞罗那超级计算中心提供的沙尘区域大气模型预测了撒哈拉沙尘对保加利亚的入侵。利用混合单粒子拉格朗日积分轨迹模型计算了激光雷达探测到的气溶胶层的起源。测量结果以大气后向散射系数的时间平均垂直剖面和高时坐标的彩色图表示，这些测量结果说明了所记录的稳定层内气溶胶-质量的空间分布及其时间演变。在两个激光雷达波长(532 nm和1064 nm)检索的剖面被用来计算与后向散射相关的Ǻngström指数的相应剖面，作为观测层中主要气溶胶粒径分数的定性指标。
{"title":"Lidar observations of aerosol loadings extended throughout the troposphere","authors":"A. Deleva, Z. Peshev, T. Dreischuh, D. Stoyanov","doi":"10.1117/12.2264235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2264235","url":null,"abstract":"Durable aerosol/dust loadings affecting the atmosphere over the city of Sofia, Bulgaria (42.65 N, 23.38 E) were monitored by a Nd:YAG-laser-based lidar, from April to July 2009. The events lasted almost throughout the entire period. This study is only focused on the experimental results obtained on 15 and 23 April, when extraordinary in altitude (up to 15 km) aerosol layers were detected. For the two days, Dust Regional Atmospheric Model, provided by the Barcelona Super-Computing Center, had forecast Saharan dust incursions over Bulgaria. The origin of the aerosol layers detected by the lidar was identified using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model for calculations of the backward air-mass trajectories. The results of measurements are presented in terms of time-averaged vertical profiles of the atmospheric backscatter coefficient and color maps in height-time coordinates, which illustrate the aerosol-mass spatial distribution and its temporal evolution, within the stable layers registered. Retrieved profiles at the two lidar wavelengths (532 nm and 1064 nm) are used to calculate the corresponding profiles of the backscatter-related Ǻngström exponent as a qualitative indicator of the dominant aerosol particle size fractions in the layers observed.","PeriodicalId":355156,"journal":{"name":"International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125190675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Zhelyazkova, I. Kuzmina, E. Borisova, N. Penkov, T. Genova, J. Spigulis, L. Avramov
The skin neoplasias are on a second place in the world statistics of cancer incidence, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tumours are also in the “top ten” list. For the most of cutaneous and gastrointestinal tumours could be obtained better prognoses for patients, if an earlier and precise diagnostics procedure is applied. One of the most promising approaches for development of improved diagnostic techniques, is based on optical detection, and analysis of the signatures of biological tissues for detecting the presence of pathological alterations in the investigated objects. It is important to develop and combine novel diagnostic techniques for an accurate early stage diagnosis to improve the chances for skin and GIT tumours treatment. Optical techniques are very promising methods for such noninvasive diagnosis of skin and mucosa tumours, possessing the advantages of deep imaging depth, high resolution, fast imaging speed, and noninvasive character of detection. In this study we combine autofluorescence spectroscopy and optical imaging techniques to develop more precise evaluation of the tissue pathologies investigated. We obtain chromophore maps for GIT and cutaneous samples, with better visualization of the tumours borders and margins. In addition, fluorescence spectra give us information about the early changes in chromophores’ contents into the tissues during neoplasia growth.
{"title":"Investigating different skin and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) pathologies ex vivo by autofluorescence spectroscopy and optical imaging","authors":"A. Zhelyazkova, I. Kuzmina, E. Borisova, N. Penkov, T. Genova, J. Spigulis, L. Avramov","doi":"10.1117/12.2261817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2261817","url":null,"abstract":"The skin neoplasias are on a second place in the world statistics of cancer incidence, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tumours are also in the “top ten” list. For the most of cutaneous and gastrointestinal tumours could be obtained better prognoses for patients, if an earlier and precise diagnostics procedure is applied. One of the most promising approaches for development of improved diagnostic techniques, is based on optical detection, and analysis of the signatures of biological tissues for detecting the presence of pathological alterations in the investigated objects. It is important to develop and combine novel diagnostic techniques for an accurate early stage diagnosis to improve the chances for skin and GIT tumours treatment. Optical techniques are very promising methods for such noninvasive diagnosis of skin and mucosa tumours, possessing the advantages of deep imaging depth, high resolution, fast imaging speed, and noninvasive character of detection. In this study we combine autofluorescence spectroscopy and optical imaging techniques to develop more precise evaluation of the tissue pathologies investigated. We obtain chromophore maps for GIT and cutaneous samples, with better visualization of the tumours borders and margins. In addition, fluorescence spectra give us information about the early changes in chromophores’ contents into the tissues during neoplasia growth.","PeriodicalId":355156,"journal":{"name":"International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116206506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dakova, V. Slavchev, A. Dakova, L. Kovachev, I. Bozhikoliev
In last two decades actively are studied the phenomena resulting from the evolution of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear dispersive media. The well-known (1+1D) nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NSE) describes very well the propagation of narrow-band optical pulses (Δω<<ω0). Nowadays, it is quite easy to obtain broad-band phase-modulated femtosecond laser pulses or to reach the attosecond region where Δω≈ω0. To explore their behavior it is necessary to use the more general nonlinear amplitude equation (NAE). In local time coordinate system it differs from the standard NSE with two additional non-paraxial terms. In present paper, by using the NAE, it is investigated the dynamics of higher order non-paraxial solitons. It is shown that the peak of soliton is linearly shifted in time domain. This temporal shift is observed in the frames of non-paraxial optics, even when the higher order nonlinear and dispersive effects are neglected.
{"title":"Higher order solitons in non-paraxial optics","authors":"D. Dakova, V. Slavchev, A. Dakova, L. Kovachev, I. Bozhikoliev","doi":"10.1117/12.2263451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263451","url":null,"abstract":"In last two decades actively are studied the phenomena resulting from the evolution of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear dispersive media. The well-known (1+1D) nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NSE) describes very well the propagation of narrow-band optical pulses (Δω<<ω0). Nowadays, it is quite easy to obtain broad-band phase-modulated femtosecond laser pulses or to reach the attosecond region where Δω≈ω0. To explore their behavior it is necessary to use the more general nonlinear amplitude equation (NAE). In local time coordinate system it differs from the standard NSE with two additional non-paraxial terms. In present paper, by using the NAE, it is investigated the dynamics of higher order non-paraxial solitons. It is shown that the peak of soliton is linearly shifted in time domain. This temporal shift is observed in the frames of non-paraxial optics, even when the higher order nonlinear and dispersive effects are neglected.","PeriodicalId":355156,"journal":{"name":"International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115652332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is an overview of the development and the applications of compact elastic backscatter depolarisation lidars. Two of such sensors are installed on-board the high-altitude research aircraft Myasishchev M-55 Geophysica. The installation of the lidars is intended for simultaneous probing of air parcels respectively upward and downward from the aircraft flight altitude to identify the presence of clouds (or aerosol )above and below the aircraft and to collocate them with in situ instruments. The lidar configuration and the procedure for its on-ground validation is outlined. Example of airborne measurements include polar stratospheric clouds, both synoptic and in lee-waves, ultra-thin cirrus clouds around the tropical tropopause and observation of aerosol layers emerging from the top of deep tropical convection. One unit is realized for groundbased application and is extensively used in campaigns and routine measurements of the MLH variation and aerosol backscatter in the lower troposphere.
{"title":"Compact micropulse backscatter lidar: airborne and ground-based applications","authors":"V. Mitev, R. Matthey, V. Makarov","doi":"10.1117/12.2261976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2261976","url":null,"abstract":"This is an overview of the development and the applications of compact elastic backscatter depolarisation lidars. Two of such sensors are installed on-board the high-altitude research aircraft Myasishchev M-55 Geophysica. The installation of the lidars is intended for simultaneous probing of air parcels respectively upward and downward from the aircraft flight altitude to identify the presence of clouds (or aerosol )above and below the aircraft and to collocate them with in situ instruments. The lidar configuration and the procedure for its on-ground validation is outlined. Example of airborne measurements include polar stratospheric clouds, both synoptic and in lee-waves, ultra-thin cirrus clouds around the tropical tropopause and observation of aerosol layers emerging from the top of deep tropical convection. One unit is realized for groundbased application and is extensively used in campaigns and routine measurements of the MLH variation and aerosol backscatter in the lower troposphere.","PeriodicalId":355156,"journal":{"name":"International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126157762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pashayev, B. Tunaboylu, M. Usta, Ilham Sadixov, K. Allahverdiyev
Laser monitoring (remote sensing) may be considered as the science of collecting and interpreting information about the atmosphere, earth and sea using sensors on earth, on platforms in our atmosphere (airplanes, balloons) or in space (satellites) without being in direct physical contact with them. Remote sensing by LIDARs (Light Identification Detection and Ranging) has wide applications as technique to probe the Earth's atmosphere, ocean and land surfaces. LIDARs are widely used to get knowledge of spatial and temporal variations in meteorological quantities (e.g. temperature, humidity, clouds and aerosol properties) and to monitor the changes in these quantities on different timescales. Subject of the present work is quite wide. It is rather difficult to perform analysis and to provide full knowledge about existing information. In the present work, in addition to the literature data, the information will be provided also about KA-09 aerosol LIDAR developed at the Marmara Research Centre of TÜBITAK (Turkish Scientific and technological Research Council) and also about KA-14 LIDAR developed at the National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan for remote sensing of contaminations on water surfaces taking place during oil-gas production. The main goal of this paper is to give students insight in different remote sensing instruments and techniques (including their perspectives) that are used for the derivation of meteorological quantities and obtaining the information about water surface.
{"title":"Perspectives of methods of laser monitoring of the atmosphere and sea surface","authors":"A. Pashayev, B. Tunaboylu, M. Usta, Ilham Sadixov, K. Allahverdiyev","doi":"10.1117/12.2261356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2261356","url":null,"abstract":"Laser monitoring (remote sensing) may be considered as the science of collecting and interpreting information about the atmosphere, earth and sea using sensors on earth, on platforms in our atmosphere (airplanes, balloons) or in space (satellites) without being in direct physical contact with them. Remote sensing by LIDARs (Light Identification Detection and Ranging) has wide applications as technique to probe the Earth's atmosphere, ocean and land surfaces. LIDARs are widely used to get knowledge of spatial and temporal variations in meteorological quantities (e.g. temperature, humidity, clouds and aerosol properties) and to monitor the changes in these quantities on different timescales. Subject of the present work is quite wide. It is rather difficult to perform analysis and to provide full knowledge about existing information. In the present work, in addition to the literature data, the information will be provided also about KA-09 aerosol LIDAR developed at the Marmara Research Centre of TÜBITAK (Turkish Scientific and technological Research Council) and also about KA-14 LIDAR developed at the National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan for remote sensing of contaminations on water surfaces taking place during oil-gas production. The main goal of this paper is to give students insight in different remote sensing instruments and techniques (including their perspectives) that are used for the derivation of meteorological quantities and obtaining the information about water surface.","PeriodicalId":355156,"journal":{"name":"International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127808120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of in vivo investigation of combined optical and ultrasound methods of tissue oxygenation and their application in medicine are presented. The optical method is based on the phenomenon of laser-induced photodissociation of blood oxyhemoglobin in cutaneous blood vessels. It is shown that this method provides an extraction of additional oxygen directly in the irradiation zone. The acoustic method enhances the efficiency of optically induced tissue oxygenation by improvement in the blood microcirculation. Some biomedical applications of the developed combined opto-ultrasound method of tissue oxygenation are discussed.
{"title":"Combined opto-ultrasound method of tissue oxygenation and its application in medicine","authors":"M. Asimov, D. Vladimirov, A. Gisbrecht","doi":"10.1117/12.2261970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2261970","url":null,"abstract":"The results of in vivo investigation of combined optical and ultrasound methods of tissue oxygenation and their application in medicine are presented. The optical method is based on the phenomenon of laser-induced photodissociation of blood oxyhemoglobin in cutaneous blood vessels. It is shown that this method provides an extraction of additional oxygen directly in the irradiation zone. The acoustic method enhances the efficiency of optically induced tissue oxygenation by improvement in the blood microcirculation. Some biomedical applications of the developed combined opto-ultrasound method of tissue oxygenation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":355156,"journal":{"name":"International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124652108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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