Pub Date : 2019-05-09DOI: 10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3053
S. Edvardsen, Hege Hovland, Anne Brita Thorød
In this article we explore the school history of girls who are dropping out from upper secondary school, recorded with mental problems. The study has a qualitative, exploratory design with an inductive approach. Interviews were conducted with life-line method, with some supplemental questions. Most of the girls experience weak relations to both school-peers and teachers in primary school. Some of them are bullied and describe a school without capability to deal with the problems and work for an including school environment. When they reach upper secondary school they have a high absence rate and most of them are requested to terminate school, partly due to the risk of losing part of their statutory right to upper education. The findings are discussed in resilience- and bio-ecological perspectives.
{"title":"«Jeg har aldri spurt om å kunne slutte selv». En kvalitativ studie av en gruppe jenters vei mot frafall i videregående skole","authors":"S. Edvardsen, Hege Hovland, Anne Brita Thorød","doi":"10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3053","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we explore the school history of girls who are dropping out from upper secondary school, recorded with mental problems. The study has a qualitative, exploratory design with an inductive approach. Interviews were conducted with life-line method, with some supplemental questions. Most of the girls experience weak relations to both school-peers and teachers in primary school. Some of them are bullied and describe a school without capability to deal with the problems and work for an including school environment. When they reach upper secondary school they have a high absence rate and most of them are requested to terminate school, partly due to the risk of losing part of their statutory right to upper education. The findings are discussed in resilience- and bio-ecological perspectives.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44213109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-09DOI: 10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3056
A. Vaktskjold
Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in Norway and worldwide, and daily tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste is the main preventative measure when diets contain sugary foods. Tooth brushing is an important public health indicator, as the frequency of brushing also has been positively associated with good health in general. In Norway, brushing twice a day is the official recommendation. Our aim was to assess the frequency of tooth brushing among pupils in secondary school in two counties in western Norway, and to identify factors associated with brushing more than once a day. All 59 borough administrations in the two counties were invited to participate in the Ungdata survey in 2015-16; 26 agreed. In total 8,725 pupils filled in the electronic questionnaire (82%). Some 69% brushed their teeth more frequently than once a day, specifically 76% of whom were girls and 63% were boys (adjusted odds ratio=2.0). Of the boys, 6.5% did not brush daily. In 8-10th school grade 71% brushed more than once a day, compared to 65% in 11-13th grade. Out of 28 a priori selected factors, eight were independently associated with frequency of tooth brushing. Besides gender, the strongest associations observed were for frequency of brisk physical exercise, parents being informed about their adolescent’s whereabouts, and satisfaction with one’s own health.
{"title":"Frequency of tooth brushing and associated factors among adolescents in western Norway","authors":"A. Vaktskjold","doi":"10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3056","url":null,"abstract":"Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in Norway and worldwide, and daily tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste is the main preventative measure when diets contain sugary foods. Tooth brushing is an important public health indicator, as the frequency of brushing also has been positively associated with good health in general. In Norway, brushing twice a day is the official recommendation. Our aim was to assess the frequency of tooth brushing among pupils in secondary school in two counties in western Norway, and to identify factors associated with brushing more than once a day. All 59 borough administrations in the two counties were invited to participate in the Ungdata survey in 2015-16; 26 agreed. In total 8,725 pupils filled in the electronic questionnaire (82%). Some 69% brushed their teeth more frequently than once a day, specifically 76% of whom were girls and 63% were boys (adjusted odds ratio=2.0). Of the boys, 6.5% did not brush daily. In 8-10th school grade 71% brushed more than once a day, compared to 65% in 11-13th grade. Out of 28 a priori selected factors, eight were independently associated with frequency of tooth brushing. Besides gender, the strongest associations observed were for frequency of brisk physical exercise, parents being informed about their adolescent’s whereabouts, and satisfaction with one’s own health.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42075493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-09DOI: 10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3054
M. Beck, N. Wiium
School dropout has both individual and economic implications. Current statistics reveal higher dropout rates among boys. Schools have a unique position to address youth development. Research from the US on positive youth development shows positive relationships between developmental assets (e.g. support at school) and academic achievement. The present paper examined these relationships among 591 Norwegian high school students (55% girls), aged 15-19 (mean = 16.70) with data from a cross-sectional study. Results indicated that girls reported more assets than boys did. Furthermore, while positive correlations occurred among assets and academic achievement, some assets (i.e. commitment to learning, support and positive identity) were better predictors of academic achievement in regression analysis. Schools can play a significant role in nurturing developmental assets that will promote academic achievement in both genders, as well as have implications for youth and consequently economic development.
{"title":"Promoting academic achievement within a positive youth development framework","authors":"M. Beck, N. Wiium","doi":"10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3054","url":null,"abstract":"School dropout has both individual and economic implications. Current statistics reveal higher dropout rates among boys. Schools have a unique position to address youth development. Research from the US on positive youth development shows positive relationships between developmental assets (e.g. support at school) and academic achievement. The present paper examined these relationships among 591 Norwegian high school students (55% girls), aged 15-19 (mean = 16.70) with data from a cross-sectional study. Results indicated that girls reported more assets than boys did. Furthermore, while positive correlations occurred among assets and academic achievement, some assets (i.e. commitment to learning, support and positive identity) were better predictors of academic achievement in regression analysis. Schools can play a significant role in nurturing developmental assets that will promote academic achievement in both genders, as well as have implications for youth and consequently economic development.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45304402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-09DOI: 10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3057
Mattias Tagseth, E. Sund, G. Hallman, J. Holmen, Kyrre Kvistad, J. Vik, S. Krokstad
Background: Availability of data on health and its determinants at the local area level is a prerequisite for developing interventions and public health campaigns locally. Collecting self-reported data by means of telephone interviews may rapidly provide relevant data. The reliability of such data may be questioned. In this study, we sought to compare exact similar questions addressed by a recent telephone survey with a previous large scale and very comprehensive population health survey (The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 2006-08 – HUNT3), conducted a few years earlier in the same geographical region. This was done in order to examine the reliability of telephone interviews as a method to provide data on health and determinants to enable municipal authorities to get a sufficient overview.Methods: One rural and one urban municipality covered by HUNT3 using paper questionnaires were resurveyed through computer assisted telephone interviews. The weighted results for 34 dichotomized variables were compared using chi square tests.Results: The comparison of results between the rural and the urban samples and HUNT3 involved 68 chi square tests, 25 of which (38%) displayed significant differences. The ability of the telephone survey to replicate the results from HUNT3 was only moderate, but with differences between survey themes. Comparability was poor for adverse life events and mental health factors, fair for behavioural and risk factors, and skewed for general health and life satisfaction. The replication was good for reports on the less sensitive and subjective theme of cultural participation.Conclusion: The comparability of the data differed between themes. The differences may be ascribed to mode effects and to some extent the time lag between the surveys. Because replicability on issues that may be more embarrassing or stressful to recall appears to be poorer, and the more subjective self-assessments of health and well-being appear skewed, it is reasonable to conclude that there is an interviewer effect in the telephone survey. The use of a questionnaire through mail or web to monitor public health in municipalities should be considered as an alternative.
背景：在地方一级获得关于健康及其决定因素的数据是在当地制定干预措施和开展公共卫生运动的先决条件。通过电话采访的方式收集自我报告的数据可以迅速提供相关数据。这些数据的可靠性可能会受到质疑。在这项研究中，我们试图将最近的一项电话调查与几年前在同一地理区域进行的一项大规模、非常全面的人口健康调查（The Nord Trøndelag health study 2006-08–HUNT3）所解决的完全相似的问题进行比较。这样做是为了检查电话采访作为一种提供健康和决定因素数据的方法的可靠性，使市政当局能够获得充分的概述。方法：采用计算机辅助电话访谈的方法，对HUNT3覆盖的一个农村和一个城市进行问卷调查。34个二分变量的加权结果使用卡方检验进行比较。结果：农村和城市样本与HUNT3的结果比较涉及68个卡方检验，其中25个（38%）显示出显著差异。电话调查复制HUNT3结果的能力中等，但调查主题之间存在差异。不良生活事件和心理健康因素的可比性较差，行为和风险因素的可比较性尚可，总体健康和生活满意度的可比较度存在偏差。这种复制有利于关于文化参与这一不那么敏感和主观的主题的报告。结论：不同主题的数据可比性不同。这种差异可能归因于模式效应，在某种程度上也可能归因于调查之间的时间滞后。因为在回忆起来可能更尴尬或压力更大的问题上，可复制性似乎更差，而且对健康和幸福感的主观自我评估似乎也有偏差，因此可以合理地得出结论，电话调查中存在采访者效应。应考虑通过邮件或网络使用调查表来监测市政当局的公共卫生情况。
{"title":"May telephone surveys provide reliable public health surveillance data for municipalities? Mode effects differ between categories of questions. The HUNT Study, Norway","authors":"Mattias Tagseth, E. Sund, G. Hallman, J. Holmen, Kyrre Kvistad, J. Vik, S. Krokstad","doi":"10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3057","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Availability of data on health and its determinants at the local area level is a prerequisite for developing interventions and public health campaigns locally. Collecting self-reported data by means of telephone interviews may rapidly provide relevant data. The reliability of such data may be questioned. In this study, we sought to compare exact similar questions addressed by a recent telephone survey with a previous large scale and very comprehensive population health survey (The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 2006-08 – HUNT3), conducted a few years earlier in the same geographical region. This was done in order to examine the reliability of telephone interviews as a method to provide data on health and determinants to enable municipal authorities to get a sufficient overview.Methods: One rural and one urban municipality covered by HUNT3 using paper questionnaires were resurveyed through computer assisted telephone interviews. The weighted results for 34 dichotomized variables were compared using chi square tests.Results: The comparison of results between the rural and the urban samples and HUNT3 involved 68 chi square tests, 25 of which (38%) displayed significant differences. The ability of the telephone survey to replicate the results from HUNT3 was only moderate, but with differences between survey themes. Comparability was poor for adverse life events and mental health factors, fair for behavioural and risk factors, and skewed for general health and life satisfaction. The replication was good for reports on the less sensitive and subjective theme of cultural participation.Conclusion: The comparability of the data differed between themes. The differences may be ascribed to mode effects and to some extent the time lag between the surveys. Because replicability on issues that may be more embarrassing or stressful to recall appears to be poorer, and the more subjective self-assessments of health and well-being appear skewed, it is reasonable to conclude that there is an interviewer effect in the telephone survey. The use of a questionnaire through mail or web to monitor public health in municipalities should be considered as an alternative.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46155588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-09DOI: 10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3046
I. Hydle
One of the most significant epidemiological tools for the perceived truth about contemporary Norwegian youth is in Ungdata, Youth Data. This is a continuous online-based survey grounded upon several and varying investigations of youth in Norwegian high schools, now extending to primary schools as well. The knowledge bases, epidemiological practices, technicalities, economic premises for the work and also data publishing is handled by social scientists at Norwegian Social Research, NOVA, located at Oslo Metropolitan University. State bureaucracies, e.g. ministries and directorates, municipalities etc. can ask for investigations and overviews. NOVA has an annual income for running the Youth Data through the Norwegian Directorate of Health of 3,3 mill. NOK (2018). The Youth Data registry has become a leading force in opinions, policies, polities and resource allocations for youth at municipal and state levels for several intended purposes. Based upon NOVA reports, media comments and interviews this article reflects upon some theoretical and methodological approaches to this unique epidemiological tool concerning youth, health and welfare. Questions arise such as: Is epidemiology a taken for granted neutral and objective kind of knowledge? Should there be ethical concerns for youth and their researchers as creators of knowledge, theory and policy – other than the normal ethical rules of scientific conduct?
{"title":"Epistemology of epidemiology: the case of Ungdata","authors":"I. Hydle","doi":"10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3046","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most significant epidemiological tools for the perceived truth about contemporary Norwegian youth is in Ungdata, Youth Data. This is a continuous online-based survey grounded upon several and varying investigations of youth in Norwegian high schools, now extending to primary schools as well. The knowledge bases, epidemiological practices, technicalities, economic premises for the work and also data publishing is handled by social scientists at Norwegian Social Research, NOVA, located at Oslo Metropolitan University. State bureaucracies, e.g. ministries and directorates, municipalities etc. can ask for investigations and overviews. NOVA has an annual income for running the Youth Data through the Norwegian Directorate of Health of 3,3 mill. NOK (2018). The Youth Data registry has become a leading force in opinions, policies, polities and resource allocations for youth at municipal and state levels for several intended purposes. Based upon NOVA reports, media comments and interviews this article reflects upon some theoretical and methodological approaches to this unique epidemiological tool concerning youth, health and welfare. Questions arise such as: Is epidemiology a taken for granted neutral and objective kind of knowledge? Should there be ethical concerns for youth and their researchers as creators of knowledge, theory and policy – other than the normal ethical rules of scientific conduct?","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43207779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-09DOI: 10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3048
Janne Lund, A. J. Andersen, S. H. Haugland
Aim: Socioeconomic inequality is found to negatively influence mental health, but studies investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and specific common mental health problems such as stress and depressive symptoms in the general adolescent population are needed. Moreover, gender gaps in mental health among adolescents are evident, but there is a lack of studies that investigate socioeconomic differences in mental health within genders. As girls report consistently more depressive symptoms than do boys, this systematic review specifically investigates whether socioeconomic status is associated with stress and depressive symptoms among adolescent girls in the general population.Methods: Eligible studies according to predefined inclusion criteria were identified from Medline, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, Svemed+ and Idunn. Eight studies were identified, whereby only two measured stress; hence, the evidence base for stress was too limited to perform an analysis. A narrative synthesis was conducted of the six studies that measured depressive symptoms.Results: A significant inverse social gradient in depressive symptoms among adolescent girls was revealed in all studies that applied parental employment status and perceived financial difficulties as SES measures, while parental educational level and Family Affluence Scale (FAS) gave inconsistent results. The relatively low number of studies may limit interpretation.Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were more common among adolescent girls with low SES compared to girls with higher SES. SES measures should be applied with care in studies of populations of adolescent girls, as the results can vary based on the chosen indicator. Actions to reduce depressive symptoms among adolescent girls in the general population should include targeting socioeconomic inequalities.
目的:社会经济不平等对心理健康有负面影响，但需要研究社会经济地位(SES)与一般青少年群体中特定的常见心理健康问题(如压力和抑郁症状)之间的关系。此外，青少年心理健康方面的性别差距是明显的，但缺乏调查两性之间心理健康的社会经济差异的研究。由于女孩报告的抑郁症状一直比男孩多，本系统综述专门调查了一般人群中青春期女孩的社会经济地位是否与压力和抑郁症状有关。方法:从Medline、PsycINFO、ISI Web of Science、Svemed+和Idunn中根据预先设定的纳入标准筛选出符合条件的研究。8项研究被确认，其中只有两项测量了压力;因此，压力的证据基础太有限，无法进行分析。对测量抑郁症状的六项研究进行了叙述综合。结果:所有采用父母就业状况和经济困难感知作为社会地位测量指标的研究均发现青春期女孩抑郁症状存在显著的反社会梯度，而父母教育水平和家庭富裕量表(FAS)的结果不一致。相对较少的研究可能会限制解释。结论:抑郁症状在社会经济地位低的少女中比在社会经济地位高的少女中更常见。在对少女人口进行研究时应谨慎采用社会经济地位措施，因为所选指标的结果可能有所不同。减少一般人群中少女抑郁症状的行动应包括针对社会经济不平等现象。
{"title":"The social gradient in stress and depressive symptoms among adolescent girls: A systematic review and narrative synthesis","authors":"Janne Lund, A. J. Andersen, S. H. Haugland","doi":"10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/NJE.V28I1-2.3048","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Socioeconomic inequality is found to negatively influence mental health, but studies investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and specific common mental health problems such as stress and depressive symptoms in the general adolescent population are needed. Moreover, gender gaps in mental health among adolescents are evident, but there is a lack of studies that investigate socioeconomic differences in mental health within genders. As girls report consistently more depressive symptoms than do boys, this systematic review specifically investigates whether socioeconomic status is associated with stress and depressive symptoms among adolescent girls in the general population.Methods: Eligible studies according to predefined inclusion criteria were identified from Medline, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, Svemed+ and Idunn. Eight studies were identified, whereby only two measured stress; hence, the evidence base for stress was too limited to perform an analysis. A narrative synthesis was conducted of the six studies that measured depressive symptoms.Results: A significant inverse social gradient in depressive symptoms among adolescent girls was revealed in all studies that applied parental employment status and perceived financial difficulties as SES measures, while parental educational level and Family Affluence Scale (FAS) gave inconsistent results. The relatively low number of studies may limit interpretation.Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were more common among adolescent girls with low SES compared to girls with higher SES. SES measures should be applied with care in studies of populations of adolescent girls, as the results can vary based on the chosen indicator. Actions to reduce depressive symptoms among adolescent girls in the general population should include targeting socioeconomic inequalities.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45450018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. K. Jenum, Kåre Rønn Richardsen, S. Berntsen, K. Mørkrid
Aims: To summarize findings from the STORK-Groruddalen Study regarding ethnic differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) by the WHO and modified International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria (no one hour value), insulin resistance, β-cell function and physical activity (PA) level. Methods: Population-based cohort study of 823 healthy pregnant women (59% ethnic minorities). Data from questionnaires, fasting blood samples, anthropometrics and objectively recorded PA level (SenseWear Armband), were collected at <20 (Visit 1) and 28±2 (Visit 2) weeks of gestation. The 75-g OGTT was performed at Visit 2. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) were estimated from venous fasting plasma glucose and C-peptide. Results: The GDM prevalence was 13.0% with the WHO and 31.5% with the IADPSG criteria. The ethnic minority women, especially South Asians, had highest figures. South and East Asian women had highest HOMA-IR at Visit 1 after adjustment for BMI. HOMA-IR increased from Visit 1 to Visit 2 irrespective of ethnic origin. Compared with Western European women, the absolute and percentage increase in HOMA-β from Visit 1 to Visit 2 was poorest for the South and East Asian women. All ethnic groups walked less and spent less time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during weekend days compared with weekdays. South Asian women were least active, measured by steps and by time spent in MVPA. Conclusion: Alarmingly high rates of GDM were found, highest among South Asians. South Asian women were less physically active, more insulin resistant and showed poorer β-cell compensation compared with Western Europeans.
目的:总结stork - gruddalen研究中根据世卫组织和修订的国际糖尿病和妊娠研究小组协会(IADPSG)标准(无一小时值)、胰岛素抵抗、β细胞功能和身体活动(PA)水平在妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患病率方面的种族差异的发现。方法:对823例健康孕妇(59%为少数民族)进行人群队列研究。在妊娠<20周(访1)和28±2周(访2)时收集问卷调查、空腹血样、人体测量和客观记录的PA水平(SenseWear Armband)数据。在就诊2时进行75 g OGTT。胰岛素抵抗(HOMA- ir)和β细胞功能(HOMA-β)通过静脉空腹血糖和c肽来评估。结果:按WHO标准GDM患病率为13.0%，按IADPSG标准GDM患病率为31.5%。少数民族妇女，特别是南亚妇女的比例最高。在调整BMI后，南亚和东亚女性在第一次访问时的HOMA-IR最高。无论种族出身如何，HOMA-IR从第一次访问到第二次访问都有所增加。与西欧妇女相比，南亚和东亚妇女从第一次访问到第二次访问的HOMA-β的绝对增长和百分比增长是最贫穷的。与工作日相比，所有种族的人在周末散步的时间都更少，在中等到高强度身体活动(MVPA)上花费的时间也更少。以步数和MVPA活动时间来衡量，南亚女性最不活跃。结论:GDM的发生率高得惊人，在南亚人群中最高。与西欧女性相比，南亚女性体力活动较少，胰岛素耐受性更强，β细胞代偿能力更差。
{"title":"Gestational diabetes, insulin resistance and physical activity in pregnancy in a multi-ethnic population – a public health perspective","authors":"A. K. Jenum, Kåre Rønn Richardsen, S. Berntsen, K. Mørkrid","doi":"10.5324/NJE.V23I1.1602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/NJE.V23I1.1602","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To summarize findings from the STORK-Groruddalen Study regarding ethnic differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) by the WHO and modified International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria (no one hour value), insulin resistance, β-cell function and physical activity (PA) level. Methods: Population-based cohort study of 823 healthy pregnant women (59% ethnic minorities). Data from questionnaires, fasting blood samples, anthropometrics and objectively recorded PA level (SenseWear Armband), were collected at <20 (Visit 1) and 28±2 (Visit 2) weeks of gestation. The 75-g OGTT was performed at Visit 2. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) were estimated from venous fasting plasma glucose and C-peptide. Results: The GDM prevalence was 13.0% with the WHO and 31.5% with the IADPSG criteria. The ethnic minority women, especially South Asians, had highest figures. South and East Asian women had highest HOMA-IR at Visit 1 after adjustment for BMI. HOMA-IR increased from Visit 1 to Visit 2 irrespective of ethnic origin. Compared with Western European women, the absolute and percentage increase in HOMA-β from Visit 1 to Visit 2 was poorest for the South and East Asian women. All ethnic groups walked less and spent less time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during weekend days compared with weekdays. South Asian women were least active, measured by steps and by time spent in MVPA. Conclusion: Alarmingly high rates of GDM were found, highest among South Asians. South Asian women were less physically active, more insulin resistant and showed poorer β-cell compensation compared with Western Europeans.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70786445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparison of the CONOR Mental Health Index to the HSCL-10 and HADS: Measuring mental health status in The Oslo Health Study and the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study","authors":"Anne Johanne Søgaard m.fl","doi":"10.5324/nje.v13i2.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v13i2.296","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70786668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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