Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.48265
Nazife Akman, Zeynep Akidagi, Pelin Özmen, Rukiye Yalap
Objective: Since the resumption of face-to-face education in October 2020, which was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic, coincides with the period when SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in young adults are on the rise. This study focuses on the 2019 corona virus outbreak in young adults, the largest link in the chain of transmission, which can be defined as silent contagious agents. It is aimed to provide epidemiological data by detecting virus disease (COVID-19) seropositivity with two different serological methods, and to evaluate the symptom-test performance relationship of asymptomatic/mild symptom/symptomatic cases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with students studying at Cappadocia University health programs between December 2020 and February 2021 and who will attend practice courses face-to-face. Participants were surveyed about their COVID-19 symptoms and disease histories based on SARS-CoV-2 exposure. For SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection, blood samples were taken from the participants and investigated with a single lateral flow immunoAssay (LFIA, Novatech, Turkey) cassette test. The samples with positive test result were then SARS-CoV-2 Anti-N IgM+IgG;SARS-CoV-2 Anti-S IgM+IgG;SARS-CoV-2 Anti-RBD IgG;It was re-evaluated using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) method with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 kit (Roche, Germany). Results: Of the 239 samples participating in the study, 50 (20.9%) samples that were positive for SARS-CoV2 IgM/ IgG according to the LFIA method were then studied again with the ECLIA method. According to the ECLIA result, 72% (36/50) of individuals against both nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) antigens, and 70% (35) against RBD antigen were seropositive. Based on the ECLIA test results, 239 samples were studied and 50 samples were found to be IgM/IgG positive, with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 93%. Contingence history was reported in 46% (n=23) of patients who were seropositive by both methods, while 30% (n=15) showed a COVID-19 clinic. Fifty four percent (n=27) of the participants reported that they did not have a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test, but antibody response was observed in all of them. Only 28% (n=14) of seropositive patients reported positive PCR results, and 4% of them stated that they had a chronic disease. It will be important to continue to observe the serological status of young people, particularly in the context of new COVID-19 variants and in the low interest in mass vaccination campaigns targeting young people. Conclusion: It is thought that the performance of ECLIA with rapid casette test does not have a good degree of agreement and confirmation with different immunoassay tests would be more useful for epidemiological surveillance. Especially the new COVID-19 in the context of the variants and targeting youth due to the lack of interest in vaccination champaigns continue to monitor the serological status of young people it will be important.
{"title":"Rapid cassette test results in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening verification by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method","authors":"Nazife Akman, Zeynep Akidagi, Pelin Özmen, Rukiye Yalap","doi":"10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.48265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.48265","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Since the resumption of face-to-face education in October 2020, which was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic, coincides with the period when SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in young adults are on the rise. This study focuses on the 2019 corona virus outbreak in young adults, the largest link in the chain of transmission, which can be defined as silent contagious agents. It is aimed to provide epidemiological data by detecting virus disease (COVID-19) seropositivity with two different serological methods, and to evaluate the symptom-test performance relationship of asymptomatic/mild symptom/symptomatic cases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with students studying at Cappadocia University health programs between December 2020 and February 2021 and who will attend practice courses face-to-face. Participants were surveyed about their COVID-19 symptoms and disease histories based on SARS-CoV-2 exposure. For SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection, blood samples were taken from the participants and investigated with a single lateral flow immunoAssay (LFIA, Novatech, Turkey) cassette test. The samples with positive test result were then SARS-CoV-2 Anti-N IgM+IgG;SARS-CoV-2 Anti-S IgM+IgG;SARS-CoV-2 Anti-RBD IgG;It was re-evaluated using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) method with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 kit (Roche, Germany). Results: Of the 239 samples participating in the study, 50 (20.9%) samples that were positive for SARS-CoV2 IgM/ IgG according to the LFIA method were then studied again with the ECLIA method. According to the ECLIA result, 72% (36/50) of individuals against both nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) antigens, and 70% (35) against RBD antigen were seropositive. Based on the ECLIA test results, 239 samples were studied and 50 samples were found to be IgM/IgG positive, with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 93%. Contingence history was reported in 46% (n=23) of patients who were seropositive by both methods, while 30% (n=15) showed a COVID-19 clinic. Fifty four percent (n=27) of the participants reported that they did not have a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test, but antibody response was observed in all of them. Only 28% (n=14) of seropositive patients reported positive PCR results, and 4% of them stated that they had a chronic disease. It will be important to continue to observe the serological status of young people, particularly in the context of new COVID-19 variants and in the low interest in mass vaccination campaigns targeting young people. Conclusion: It is thought that the performance of ECLIA with rapid casette test does not have a good degree of agreement and confirmation with different immunoassay tests would be more useful for epidemiological surveillance. Especially the new COVID-19 in the context of the variants and targeting youth due to the lack of interest in vaccination champaigns continue to monitor the serological status of young people it will be important.","PeriodicalId":35553,"journal":{"name":"Turk hijiyen ve deneysel biyoloji dergisi. Turkish bulletin of hygiene and experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70678493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.93357
Tuğba Yalçınkaya, L. Kozacı, Ahmet Çarhan
Objective: Ficus carica (Fig) is a leafy tree of Moraceae, which is used in local traditional medicine to treat various diseases. Recent studies revealed an impressive anti-cancer efficiency of F. carica extracts in different types of cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of F. carica extract on colon cancer cell line HT-29 and bone cancer cell line MG-63. Methods: The human colon cancer cell line HT-29 and bone cancer cell line MG-63 were used to investigate the effects of F. carica extract. The effects of F. carica on cell viability were evaluated using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Complementary analyses for evaluating membrane integrity and toxicity were performed by estimating LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay. Mechanisms of cell death were analyzed using Muse TM Annexin-V and TUNEL assays. Cell-cycle distribution was examined using flow cytometri analysis. Results: The results demonstrated that F. carica extract caused a significant decrease in cell viability in cancer cells in a dose-and time-dependent fashion, but
{"title":"Ficus carica extract causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis in MG-63 and HT-29 cancer cell lines","authors":"Tuğba Yalçınkaya, L. Kozacı, Ahmet Çarhan","doi":"10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.93357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.93357","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Ficus carica (Fig) is a leafy tree of Moraceae, which is used in local traditional medicine to treat various diseases. Recent studies revealed an impressive anti-cancer efficiency of F. carica extracts in different types of cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of F. carica extract on colon cancer cell line HT-29 and bone cancer cell line MG-63. Methods: The human colon cancer cell line HT-29 and bone cancer cell line MG-63 were used to investigate the effects of F. carica extract. The effects of F. carica on cell viability were evaluated using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Complementary analyses for evaluating membrane integrity and toxicity were performed by estimating LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay. Mechanisms of cell death were analyzed using Muse TM Annexin-V and TUNEL assays. Cell-cycle distribution was examined using flow cytometri analysis. Results: The results demonstrated that F. carica extract caused a significant decrease in cell viability in cancer cells in a dose-and time-dependent fashion, but","PeriodicalId":35553,"journal":{"name":"Turk hijiyen ve deneysel biyoloji dergisi. Turkish bulletin of hygiene and experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70678937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.20633
Oğuz EVLİCE, Mustafa YILMAZ, Sevil ALKAN ÇEVİKER, Uğur KÜÇÜK
Objective: Brucellosis is one of the most frequent zoonotic infectious diseases and is a global public health concern, particularly in developing countries. Brucellosis causes systemic symptoms and can affect different parts of the body. Brucellar pericarditis is a rare involvement of the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of Brucella pericarditis cases. Methods: A pooled analysis study was conducted by searching four international online databases with the terms “ Brucella ” and “pericarditis” and their synonyms. The full texts or abstracts were screened using these keywords. The publications were examined in terms of the age and gender of cases, publication year and country, additional diagnosis, diagnostic methods, treatments, and outcomes. Results: The study included 25 cases (14 males, 56%), with a mean age of 38.84 ± 9.7 (12-79) years. Systemic findings were present in 17 (68%) patients, and 17 (68%) had a cardiac presentation. 10 (40%) patients had retrosternal pain/ chest pain, 10 (40%) patients had pericardial frontman, and five (%10) cases had tachycardia. The most commonly used diagnostic method
{"title":"Evaluation of Brucella pericarditis cases by pooled analysis method","authors":"Oğuz EVLİCE, Mustafa YILMAZ, Sevil ALKAN ÇEVİKER, Uğur KÜÇÜK","doi":"10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.20633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.20633","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Brucellosis is one of the most frequent zoonotic infectious diseases and is a global public health concern, particularly in developing countries. Brucellosis causes systemic symptoms and can affect different parts of the body. Brucellar pericarditis is a rare involvement of the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of Brucella pericarditis cases. Methods: A pooled analysis study was conducted by searching four international online databases with the terms “ Brucella ” and “pericarditis” and their synonyms. The full texts or abstracts were screened using these keywords. The publications were examined in terms of the age and gender of cases, publication year and country, additional diagnosis, diagnostic methods, treatments, and outcomes. Results: The study included 25 cases (14 males, 56%), with a mean age of 38.84 ± 9.7 (12-79) years. Systemic findings were present in 17 (68%) patients, and 17 (68%) had a cardiac presentation. 10 (40%) patients had retrosternal pain/ chest pain, 10 (40%) patients had pericardial frontman, and five (%10) cases had tachycardia. The most commonly used diagnostic method","PeriodicalId":35553,"journal":{"name":"Turk hijiyen ve deneysel biyoloji dergisi. Turkish bulletin of hygiene and experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135838894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.65481
Sedef Zeliha ÖNER, Mustafa ŞENGÜL, Çağrı ERGİN
{"title":"Pigment activity investigation of Cryptococcus neoformans on red pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) agar","authors":"Sedef Zeliha ÖNER, Mustafa ŞENGÜL, Çağrı ERGİN","doi":"10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.65481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.65481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35553,"journal":{"name":"Turk hijiyen ve deneysel biyoloji dergisi. Turkish bulletin of hygiene and experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135838899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.70845
A. Alici, Aytekin Firtina, G. Yenişehirli, I. Erdim, E. Akçay
{"title":"Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a case diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus","authors":"A. Alici, Aytekin Firtina, G. Yenişehirli, I. Erdim, E. Akçay","doi":"10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.70845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.70845","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35553,"journal":{"name":"Turk hijiyen ve deneysel biyoloji dergisi. Turkish bulletin of hygiene and experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70678739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.43433
Selin ÖZKAN KOTİLOĞLU
Objective: Opioid dependence, which has environmental and genetic components, is an important public health problem. OPRM1 gene encodes mu opioid receptor (MOR) which is a primary target for opioids. Polymorphisms on the OPRM1 gene have been shown to alter the properties and physiology of MOR and also may have impact on opioid dependence. The association between OPRM1 rs540825 and rs510769 polymorphisms and substance dependence have been shown through various studies. The purpose of this study is to develop reliable, robust and easily applicable genotyping procedures for OPRM1 rs540825 and rs510769 polymorphisms as they possess rising importance in the context of addiction and therapy success. Methods: A novel and an improved method based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was employed to determine OPRM1 gene polymorphisms at positions rs510769 and rs540825, respectively. OPRM1 gene regions containing these two polymorphisms were amplified using PCR; then, RFLP method was performed using the restriction
{"title":"PCR-RFLP optimisation for OPRM1 rs540825 and rs510769 gene polymorphisms and their allele/genotype frequencies in Turkish population","authors":"Selin ÖZKAN KOTİLOĞLU","doi":"10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.43433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.43433","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Opioid dependence, which has environmental and genetic components, is an important public health problem. OPRM1 gene encodes mu opioid receptor (MOR) which is a primary target for opioids. Polymorphisms on the OPRM1 gene have been shown to alter the properties and physiology of MOR and also may have impact on opioid dependence. The association between OPRM1 rs540825 and rs510769 polymorphisms and substance dependence have been shown through various studies. The purpose of this study is to develop reliable, robust and easily applicable genotyping procedures for OPRM1 rs540825 and rs510769 polymorphisms as they possess rising importance in the context of addiction and therapy success. Methods: A novel and an improved method based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was employed to determine OPRM1 gene polymorphisms at positions rs510769 and rs540825, respectively. OPRM1 gene regions containing these two polymorphisms were amplified using PCR; then, RFLP method was performed using the restriction","PeriodicalId":35553,"journal":{"name":"Turk hijiyen ve deneysel biyoloji dergisi. Turkish bulletin of hygiene and experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135838892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.98965
Seval ÇALIŞKAN PALA, Selma METİNTAŞ, Muhammed Fatih ONSUZ, Veli Görkem PALA, Ali KILINÇ, Ece Elif ÖCAL
Objective: The Health Belief Model (HBM) is an effective instrument in explaining and measuring behaviors protecting and improving the health. It was aimed to evaluate the compliance of healthcare professionals (HCP), who are on the front-line in the combat with COVID-19 pandemic, with protective measures according to the HBM. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out in the period in the first wave of epidemic in a province in the central Anatolian region of Turkey, with 316 ambulance medics serving. Compliance with protective measures was evaluated with an online form. The questionnaire consisted of questions related to the sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals (age, gender, marital status, etc.), variables related to health beliefs (chronic diseases, smoking and alcohol addiction, COVID-testing, etc.), the protective measures they applied during the COVID-19 process (staying at home, washing hands, wearing masks, etc.), and the COVID-19 HBM Scale questions created by the researchers through a literature review.
{"title":"Protective measures for healthcare professionals by the COVID-19 health belief model","authors":"Seval ÇALIŞKAN PALA, Selma METİNTAŞ, Muhammed Fatih ONSUZ, Veli Görkem PALA, Ali KILINÇ, Ece Elif ÖCAL","doi":"10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.98965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.98965","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The Health Belief Model (HBM) is an effective instrument in explaining and measuring behaviors protecting and improving the health. It was aimed to evaluate the compliance of healthcare professionals (HCP), who are on the front-line in the combat with COVID-19 pandemic, with protective measures according to the HBM. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out in the period in the first wave of epidemic in a province in the central Anatolian region of Turkey, with 316 ambulance medics serving. Compliance with protective measures was evaluated with an online form. The questionnaire consisted of questions related to the sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals (age, gender, marital status, etc.), variables related to health beliefs (chronic diseases, smoking and alcohol addiction, COVID-testing, etc.), the protective measures they applied during the COVID-19 process (staying at home, washing hands, wearing masks, etc.), and the COVID-19 HBM Scale questions created by the researchers through a literature review.","PeriodicalId":35553,"journal":{"name":"Turk hijiyen ve deneysel biyoloji dergisi. Turkish bulletin of hygiene and experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135838901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.36675
Tevfik HONCA, Nesibe Nur AYDIN, İbrahim AYDIN, Fatih BAKIR
{"title":"Comparison of bromcresol green and bromocresol purple methods for measuring serum albumin levels","authors":"Tevfik HONCA, Nesibe Nur AYDIN, İbrahim AYDIN, Fatih BAKIR","doi":"10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.36675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.36675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35553,"journal":{"name":"Turk hijiyen ve deneysel biyoloji dergisi. Turkish bulletin of hygiene and experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135839855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.97957
A. K. Sığ
Appropriate early treatment is crucial for prognosis in invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Antimicrobial susceptibility has generally an important role for treatment options and clinical outcome. “The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)” and “The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)” defined standard procedures and recommendations on interpretations of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). However, they do not include epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and/or clinical breakpoints (CBPs) for every fungi and antifungal agent, so only MIC values can be shared to guide clinicians. Microbiological resistance is determined by interpreting the in vitro MICs with comparison of CBPs. There are many mechanisms that lead to antifungal resistance (AFR). There are increasing trends in fluconazole and echinocandin resistance for yeasts and in triazole resistance for molds. Although clinical reflections of these high MICs are sometimes very obvious, there is insufficient data to show in every fungi. Clinical resistance is the event that an infection does not resolve for various reasons despite appropriate treatment, and can be attributed to many
{"title":"Antifungal susceptibility testing, reporting and antifungal resistance: current status","authors":"A. K. Sığ","doi":"10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.97957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5505/turkhijyen.2023.97957","url":null,"abstract":"Appropriate early treatment is crucial for prognosis in invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Antimicrobial susceptibility has generally an important role for treatment options and clinical outcome. “The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)” and “The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)” defined standard procedures and recommendations on interpretations of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). However, they do not include epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and/or clinical breakpoints (CBPs) for every fungi and antifungal agent, so only MIC values can be shared to guide clinicians. Microbiological resistance is determined by interpreting the in vitro MICs with comparison of CBPs. There are many mechanisms that lead to antifungal resistance (AFR). There are increasing trends in fluconazole and echinocandin resistance for yeasts and in triazole resistance for molds. Although clinical reflections of these high MICs are sometimes very obvious, there is insufficient data to show in every fungi. Clinical resistance is the event that an infection does not resolve for various reasons despite appropriate treatment, and can be attributed to many","PeriodicalId":35553,"journal":{"name":"Turk hijiyen ve deneysel biyoloji dergisi. Turkish bulletin of hygiene and experimental biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70679153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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