Journal of King Saud University, Engineering Sciences最新文献

英文中文

Application of soil-based low-impact development system for Flash Flood management of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 在沙特阿拉伯吉达山洪管理中应用基于土壤的低影响开发系统

Q1 Chemical Engineering

Journal of King Saud University, Engineering Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2021.09.006

Jeddah is the most important port city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The climate of Jeddah is mostly dry; however, events of intensive rainfall followed by urban flooding have been reported in recent history. These floods interrupt the logistics and lifelines of the city. In this study runoff analysis and Flash Flood management by the green roof low impact development (LID) control system, was performed using United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s Stormwater Management Model (SWMM). Six middle districts of Jeddah city had been selected and modeled in five sub-catchment areas. The local soil and geographic conditions were incorporated into the model. The effect of the soil-based, rooftop, LID system has been emphasized in the analysis. In flood simulations, 30–70% of the impervious area of each sub-catchment has been treated with LID. It has been observed that the LID application can significantly reduce the overall flood flow. Thus, simple but well-planned LID control systems can be effectively utilized for the flood management of heavily urbanized regions.

吉达是沙特阿拉伯王国最重要的港口城市。吉达的气候大多比较干燥，但在最近的历史上，也曾发生过强降雨导致城市洪水泛滥的事件。这些洪水中断了城市的物流和生命线。本研究利用美国环保署（EPA）的雨水管理模型（SWMM），通过绿色屋顶低影响开发（LID）控制系统进行径流分析和山洪管理。研究选取了吉达市的六个中区，并在五个子流域内建立了模型。当地的土壤和地理条件被纳入模型中。分析中强调了基于土壤、屋顶的 LID 系统的效果。在洪水模拟中，每个子流域 30-70% 的不透水区域都采用了 LID 系统。结果表明，采用低能耗、低污染的系统可以大大减少总体洪水流量。因此，简单但规划合理的 LID 控制系统可以有效地用于严重城市化地区的洪水管理。

引用次数: 0

Static and dynamic characterization of fiber reinforced sand: A numerical investigation 纤维增强砂的静态和动态特性：数值研究

Q1 Chemical Engineering

Journal of King Saud University, Engineering Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2021.12.008

For the characterization of fiber-reinforced soil under static loading conditions, there is a wealth of literature. However, study on the dynamic behavior of fiber-reinforced soil is very limited. Now that earthquakes are occurring frequently around the world, the dynamic soil analysis has become important for all classes of geotechnical engineering problems. Through numerical simulation of triaxial specimens, the current study explores the behaviour of fiber-reinforced cohesionless soil. The numerical model was validated using existing laboratory triaxial compression testing literature. The stress–strain response of fiber-reinforced sand has been investigated using static and cyclic triaxial testing, as well as other combinations of fiber contents. Fiber-reinforced sand is tested for bulk modulus, shear modulus, and damping values. Effects of fiber contents on static and dynamic stress–strain response of fiber-reinforced soil are highlighted. It has been observed from results that, with an increase in fiber content modulus of elasticity, bulk modulus and shear modulus values increase while damping coefficients decrease for the same. It is believed that the highlighted numerical approach will be an alternative to laboratory experiments to determine the dynamic properties of fiber-reinforced soil.

关于纤维加固土壤在静态荷载条件下的特性，已有大量文献记载。然而，对纤维加固土动态行为的研究却非常有限。目前，世界各地地震频发，动态土壤分析已成为各类岩土工程问题的重要依据。本研究通过对三轴试样进行数值模拟，探索了纤维加固无粘性土的行为。利用现有的实验室三轴压缩试验文献对数值模型进行了验证。通过静态和循环三轴测试以及其他纤维含量组合，研究了纤维加固砂的应力-应变响应。对纤维增强砂的体积模量、剪切模量和阻尼值进行了测试。重点讨论了纤维含量对纤维加固土壤的静态和动态应力应变响应的影响。结果表明，随着纤维含量的增加，弹性模量、体积模量和剪切模量值都会增加，而阻尼系数则会降低。相信所强调的数值方法可以替代实验室实验来确定纤维加固土壤的动态特性。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the impacts of binary additives on the mechanical and morphological response of ameliorated soil for road infrastructures 了解二元添加剂对道路基础设施改良土壤的机械和形态响应的影响

Q1 Chemical Engineering

Journal of King Saud University, Engineering Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2021.12.001

In an attempt to promote a cleaner environment, the deployment of waste materials in soil amendment protocols has been a major concern for civil engineers. Recent discoveries in the study of soil mechanics have revealed the pozzolanic tendencies demonstrated by these waste materials, which are beneficial in the development of road infrastructure. This has necessitated the need for this research to document the impacts of exploring the usage of combined solid waste derivatives in ameliorating the geotechnical parameters of deficient soil. The current stabilization exercise was geared towards the improvement of the mechanical properties of soil and surpassing the detrimental tendencies especially caused by seasonal variations. Moving forward, the microstructural response of the unaltered and additive ameliorated soil was investigated via qualitative means such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The additives including cement kiln dust (CKD) and rice husk ash (RHA), were added by air-dried weight of the soil and compacted based on the standards of British Standard Light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard Heavy (BSH). With regard to the compaction exercise, the incorporation of these additive materials into the soil facilitated a gradual increase in the maximum dry density (MDDs) followed by a decrease in the optimum moisture contents (OMCs). In view of these research findings, soil treatment studies facilitated a substantial upsurge in the strength (California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS)) values of the ameliorated soil, in agreement with the requirements of Nigeria's general specification for all compactive efforts. Finally, the usefulness and efficacy of combining these wastes in deficient soil treatment were validated qualitatively via the SEM and FTIR strategies. The results of the SEM analysis revealed some disparities between the unaltered and altered soil specimens, providing insights into the direction of calcite formation in the additive-treated soil.

为了促进更清洁的环境，在土壤改良方案中使用废料一直是土木工程师关注的主要问题。最近在土壤力学研究中的发现揭示了这些废料所表现出的水泥基倾向，这对道路基础设施的发展大有裨益。因此，有必要开展这项研究，记录探索使用固体废弃物综合衍生物改善缺损土壤岩土参数的影响。当前的稳定化工作旨在改善土壤的机械性能，克服特别是由季节变化引起的有害趋势。在此基础上，通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等定性手段，对未改变土壤和添加剂改良土壤的微观结构反应进行了研究。添加剂包括水泥窑灰（CKD）和稻壳灰（RHA），按土壤风干重量添加，并根据英国轻质标准（BSL）、西非标准（WAS）和英国重质标准（BSH）进行压实。在压实过程中，在土壤中加入这些添加剂后，最大干密度（MDDs）逐渐增加，最佳含水量（OMCs）随之降低。鉴于这些研究结果，土壤处理研究促进了改良土壤强度（加州承载比（CBR）和无压抗压强度（UCS））值的大幅提高，符合尼日利亚对所有压实工作的一般规范要求。最后，通过扫描电镜分析和傅立叶变换红外光谱分析策略，对结合这些废物处理贫瘠土壤的实用性和有效性进行了定性验证。扫描电子显微镜分析的结果显示，未改变的土壤样本和改变的土壤样本之间存在一些差异，这为了解添加剂处理过的土壤中方解石的形成方向提供了线索。

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引用次数: 0

Compression resistance and color evaluation in artisanal red bricks: Experimental study and numerical simulation 手工红砖的抗压性和颜色评估：实验研究与数值模拟

Q1 Chemical Engineering

Journal of King Saud University, Engineering Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2023.10.002

An experimental study is presented, simulating the firing process of artisanal red brick in a laboratory muffle. Under controlled heating conditions, the influence of both temperature and time on both the compressive strength and surface color of model bricks are evaluated. A production run and numerical simulations of laboratory brick heating are used to define the experimental conditions in the laboratory. A statistical model replicates the behavior of the compressive resistance at different temperatures, both in the muffle furnace and in production. Brick color has a more representative tone of a well-burned brick when created at the burning temperatures suggested in the literature.

实验研究模拟了手工红砖在实验室马弗炉中的烧制过程。在受控加热条件下，评估了温度和时间对模型砖抗压强度和表面颜色的影响。实验室砖块加热的生产运行和数值模拟用于确定实验室的实验条件。统计模型复制了马弗炉和生产过程中不同温度下的抗压性能。在文献建议的烧制温度下烧制的砖块颜色更能代表烧制良好的砖块色调。

引用次数: 0

Effect of conflicts on the contracting business failure in the construction industry 冲突对建筑业承包业务失败的影响

Q1 Chemical Engineering

Journal of King Saud University, Engineering Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2023.12.003

The construction industry plays an important role in the economy of countries and provides the necessary services to achieve the needs and welfare of societies. For this, attention should be given to this sector. The research aims to indicate the most important causes of conflicts in construction projects, the most important reasons for the failure of construction contracting companies, and to study the relationship between conflicts and failure of contractors in the construction industry. This study uses the questionnaire method to achieve its objectives. The target participants are contractor of grade 1 and 2 in Palestine. Eighteen (18) conflict factors and 17 influencing factors in contracting failure are identified and tabulated in a questionnaire form. Results show that the main conflict factors include: delaying monthly payments from the project owner, frequent variation orders, the quality of work is poor, rework, and delay in delivering the works according to the schedule. While the main factors of contractors failure are: cash flow problems, conflict between parties, bidding strategy, local political conditions and low profit due to high competitions. The results show a correlation between conflict and contracting business failure. The results of the research would be of great importance to those interested in the construction industry, as they contribute to identifying the causes of major problems in the construction sector and help in its renaissance and development.

建筑业在各国经济中发挥着重要作用，并为满足社会需求和增进社会福利提供必要的服务。为此，应重视这一行业。本研究旨在指出建筑项目中冲突的最重要原因、建筑承包公司失败的最重要原因，并研究建筑行业中冲突与承包商失败之间的关系。本研究采用问卷调查法来实现其目标。研究对象为巴勒斯坦的一级和二级承包商。研究确定了 18 个冲突因素和 17 个影响承包失败的因素，并以问卷形式将其列表。结果表明，主要冲突因素包括：项目业主延迟支付月度款项、变更单频繁、工程质量差、返工、延迟按计划交付工程。而承包商失败的主要因素则包括：现金流问题、各方之间的冲突、投标策略、当地的政治条件以及竞争激烈导致的低利润。研究结果表明，冲突与承包业务失败之间存在相关性。研究结果对那些对建筑业感兴趣的人来说非常重要，因为它们有助于找出建筑业主要问题的原因，并有助于建筑业的复兴和发展。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the critical frequent factors of rework and assigning strategies to mitigate their occurrence in the Egyptian construction projects 探讨埃及建筑项目中经常出现返工的关键因素，并制定减少返工的策略

Q1 Chemical Engineering

Journal of King Saud University, Engineering Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2021.10.002

This article explores the critical frequent factors of rework and assigns management strategies to mitigate their occurrence in the Egyptian construction projects. Data from 69 practitioners have been analyzed utilizing the questionnaire research strategy to specify the occurrence likelihood mean scores of 38 rework factors. Thereafter, a mean score of 3.50 has been employed as a trustworthy critical cut-off value, which has singled out 15 factors from the 38 rework causes to be the critical frequent rework factors in Egypt’s construction sector. Further, the study chose 10 strategies from the previous literature, through which the consequences of the 15 critical frequent rework factors can be handled. The results highlight the practices to be addressed by policy-makers and practitioners in Egypt to boost the performance of their construction sector. The realization of the paper’s goals has pivotal benefits in both practical and theoretical fields, either at the local or international level. Locally, this equips the stakeholders of Egypt’s construction division with the needed prevention strategies, which can influentially mitigate the implications of rework causes. As for the international level, new top-rated country-specific rework factors have been derived from the Egyptian construction market, which broadens the understanding of academics to rework’s critical causes.

本文探讨了埃及建筑项目中经常出现返工的关键因素，并提出了减少返工的管理策略。本文采用问卷调查研究策略，对 69 名从业人员的数据进行了分析，以明确 38 个返工因素的发生可能性平均值。之后，采用 3.50 的平均值作为可信的临界值，从 38 个返工原因中挑选出 15 个因素，作为埃及建筑行业经常出现返工的关键因素。此外，研究还从以往的文献中选择了 10 项策略，通过这些策略来处理这 15 个关键的频繁返工因素所造成的后果。研究结果强调了埃及决策者和从业人员为提高建筑业绩效而应采取的做法。本文目标的实现在地方或国际层面的实践和理论领域都具有举足轻重的益处。在地方层面，这将使埃及建筑部门的利益相关者掌握必要的预防策略，从而有效减轻返工造成的影响。在国际层面上，埃及建筑市场上出现了新的国家特定返工因素，这拓宽了学术界对返工关键原因的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Life cycle assessment of incorporating recycled materials in pavement design 将再生材料纳入路面设计的生命周期评估

Q1 Chemical Engineering

Journal of King Saud University, Engineering Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2022.04.001

This study was set out to conduct a life cycle assessment (LCA) to explore the environmental and economic impacts of pavement design alternatives using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled plastic. 25 design alternative pavement designs were considered for a four-lane 8 km-long highway section. Design mix percentages varied between 0 and 40% of RAP with 10% increments and 0–20% of recycled plastic with 5% increments. The impact was assessed based on estimating utilized energy and water resources, climate change impact in terms of CO₂ equivalent, and air pollution in terms of air acidification, human health particulate (HHP), and photochemical smog. Results show that recycled plastic is superior to RAP in reducing energy consumption and GHG emissions. Both RAP and recycled plastic reduced water consumption. Recycled plastic reduced air acidification, HHP, and smog. RAP also increased HHP substantially, mainly during materials production. It was found that the RAP replacement ratio of 10% yielded the highest value of energy consumption, harmful gases emissions, air acidification, HHP, and Smog. RAP and plastic both reduced costs substantially as recycled material reduced the use of virgin materials and bitumen. In addition, using RAP eliminates the cost of moving RAP to landfills.

本研究旨在进行生命周期评估（LCA），以探讨使用再生沥青路面（RAP）和再生塑料的路面设计替代方案对环境和经济的影响。在一条 8 公里长的四车道高速公路路段上，考虑了 25 种路面设计方案。设计混合比例在 0 至 40% 之间变化，RAP 的比例以 10% 为增量，再生塑料的比例在 0 至 20% 之间变化，以 5% 为增量。对影响的评估基于对能源和水资源利用率的估算，以二氧化碳当量表示的气候变化影响，以及以空气酸化、人体健康微粒（HHP）和光化学烟雾表示的空气污染。结果表明，在减少能源消耗和温室气体排放方面，再生塑料优于 RAP。RAP 和再生塑料都能减少耗水量。再生塑料减少了空气酸化、HHP 和烟雾。RAP 也大大增加了 HHP，主要是在材料生产过程中。研究发现，RAP 替代率为 10%时，能耗、有害气体排放、空气酸化、HHP 和烟雾值最高。RAP 和塑料都大大降低了成本，因为回收材料减少了原始材料和沥青的使用。此外，使用 RAP 可省去将 RAP 运至垃圾填埋场的费用。

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引用次数: 0

Acknowledgment to Reviewers 鸣谢审稿人

Q1 Chemical Engineering

Journal of King Saud University, Engineering Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2024.10.003

Anis H. Fakeeha (Editor-in-Chief)

引用次数: 0

Special issue – Recent advances in Civil Engineering 特刊--土木工程的最新进展

Q1 Chemical Engineering

Journal of King Saud University, Engineering Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2024.10.002

Nadeem Ahsan Siddiqui

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of replacing cement partially with waste brick powder in mortar 在砂浆中用废砖粉部分替代水泥的效果

Q1 Chemical Engineering

Journal of King Saud University, Engineering Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksues.2022.01.004

This investigation was aimed at finding the optimum replacement level of waste brick powder (WBP) as a partial replacement of cement. For this purpose, three groups of tests are made: fresh, mechanical, and permeation properties. Eight mixes with different percentages of replacing ratios are as follows: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 50%. In addition to the reference mix without powder replacements, the experimental programs include three groups of tests: fresh properties (flow test and fresh density), mechanical properties (dry density, compressive strength, and flexural strength), and transport properties (water absorption ratio, rate of water absorption, i.e., sorptivity, and permeable void ratio). Also, an ultrasonic velocity impulse test was made. The flowability and density of fresh mixes are decreased linearly as the amount of WBP increases for the constant water/binder ratio. However, the density of the in-hardened state was found to be slightly higher than the reference mix for mixes with a brick powder content of up to 20%. Results indicate that strengths for mixes containing WBP are higher than those for the control mix. The highest strength was examined in the mix with 15% WBP for both compressive and tensile strengths of specimens. Generally, the brick powder reduced the ability of mortar to transfer liquid, as was clear from the results of the permeability test results. Empirical relations were proposed according to experimental results.

这项研究旨在找出废砖粉（WBP）作为水泥部分替代品的最佳替代水平。为此，进行了三组测试：新拌性能、机械性能和渗透性能。八种不同替代比例的混合料如下：10、15、20、25、30、35、40 和 50%。除了不含粉末替代物的参考混合料外，实验项目还包括三组测试：新鲜特性（流动试验和新鲜密度）、机械特性（干密度、抗压强度和抗折强度）和运输特性（吸水率、吸水率，即吸水率和渗透空隙率）。此外，还进行了超声波速度脉冲测试。在水/粘合剂比率不变的情况下，随着 WBP 用量的增加，新鲜混合料的流动性和密度呈线性下降。不过，对于砖粉含量高达 20% 的混合料来说，硬化状态的密度略高于参考混合料。结果表明，含有 WBP 的混合料强度高于对照混合料。在试样的抗压和抗拉强度方面，含有 15% WBP 的混合料强度最高。一般来说，砖粉降低了砂浆转移液体的能力，这一点从渗透性测试结果中可以明显看出。根据实验结果提出了经验关系。

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