Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0167
Alfredo González-Ruibal
{"title":"The Archaeology of the Jesuit Missions in Ethiopia (1557–1632) by Victor M. Fernández et al. (review)","authors":"Alfredo González-Ruibal","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.19.1.0167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48157360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0061
Alexander Meckelburg, Solomon Gebreyes
ABSTRACT:The emperor of Ethiopia, Yoḥannǝs IV (r. 1872–89), signed a peace treaty with Britain in 1884, which ended the Egyptian–Ethiopian war. This treaty was negotiated by Rear Admiral Sir William Hewett on behalf of the British government. In the treaty's appendix, Emperor Yoḥannǝs IV also signed an anti-slavery agreement in which he confirmed his will to eliminate the slave trade in all territories under his control. Although the "Hewett treaty" has received some academic interest, the slavery protocol went rather unnoticed. In this article, we will give an overview of the protocol, put it in its historical context, and present a critical edition and translation of the document. We analyze the protocol as written evidence for the British colonial agenda in the wider region of the Horn of Africa.
{"title":"Ethiopia and Great Britain: A Note on the Anti-Slavery Protocol of 1884","authors":"Alexander Meckelburg, Solomon Gebreyes","doi":"10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0061","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The emperor of Ethiopia, Yoḥannǝs IV (r. 1872–89), signed a peace treaty with Britain in 1884, which ended the Egyptian–Ethiopian war. This treaty was negotiated by Rear Admiral Sir William Hewett on behalf of the British government. In the treaty's appendix, Emperor Yoḥannǝs IV also signed an anti-slavery agreement in which he confirmed his will to eliminate the slave trade in all territories under his control. Although the \"Hewett treaty\" has received some academic interest, the slavery protocol went rather unnoticed. In this article, we will give an overview of the protocol, put it in its historical context, and present a critical edition and translation of the document. We analyze the protocol as written evidence for the British colonial agenda in the wider region of the Horn of Africa.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42379950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0031
Ayda Bouanga
ABSTRACT:In the thirteenth century, the territories of Damot, Ǝnnarya, Ǝndägäbṭän, and Wäräb, located south of the Blue Nile, west of Awash, and northeast of the Gibe watershed, belonged to the realm of Damot. At that time, the motälämi dynasty ruled the kingdom and sought to assert authority over the Muslim states of eastern Ethiopia, Šäwa, and Ifat. Following the accession of the Solomonic dynasty and its territorial conquests in the fourteenth century, the Kingdom of Damot gradually disappeared. It gave way to two different entities: the eastern part is known as medieval Damot—protectorate of the Christian kingdom—whereas the western part became the southern region of the Christian province of Šäwa. South of this geopolitical entity were the kingdoms of Gamo and Janjero, which were famous for trading gold and slaves, particularly eunuchs, throughout the medieval period. Inhabited by agro-pastoralists settled in different areas of southern Blue Nile, Damot, Gamo, and Janjero were at the crossroads of an important trade in luxury goods. Slaves and gold originated from there and were then integrated into a long-distance commercial network. After passing through the Muslim states of eastern Ethiopia, the goods arrived in the ports of the Red Sea (Massawa and Zeyla) before reaching the Arabian Peninsula and Asia. This article analyzes the economic history of the region, draws the contours of the production of gold and slaves, and traces their routes to the Red Sea. It shows a relatively stable localization of the "production" of gold and slaves in Ethiopia during the medieval period. At the local level, this phenomenon raises questions about various aspects of the Ethiopian slave trade, such as the methods of slave acquisition (raids, wars, punitive expeditions), and the role of physical and cultural otherness (stigmatization and legitimization based on cultural denigration), and their impact on the transformation of political structures.
{"title":"Gold, Slaves, and Trading Routes in Southern Blue Nile (Abbay) Societies, Ethiopia, 13th–16th Centuries","authors":"Ayda Bouanga","doi":"10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0031","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In the thirteenth century, the territories of Damot, Ǝnnarya, Ǝndägäbṭän, and Wäräb, located south of the Blue Nile, west of Awash, and northeast of the Gibe watershed, belonged to the realm of Damot. At that time, the motälämi dynasty ruled the kingdom and sought to assert authority over the Muslim states of eastern Ethiopia, Šäwa, and Ifat. Following the accession of the Solomonic dynasty and its territorial conquests in the fourteenth century, the Kingdom of Damot gradually disappeared. It gave way to two different entities: the eastern part is known as medieval Damot—protectorate of the Christian kingdom—whereas the western part became the southern region of the Christian province of Šäwa. South of this geopolitical entity were the kingdoms of Gamo and Janjero, which were famous for trading gold and slaves, particularly eunuchs, throughout the medieval period. Inhabited by agro-pastoralists settled in different areas of southern Blue Nile, Damot, Gamo, and Janjero were at the crossroads of an important trade in luxury goods. Slaves and gold originated from there and were then integrated into a long-distance commercial network. After passing through the Muslim states of eastern Ethiopia, the goods arrived in the ports of the Red Sea (Massawa and Zeyla) before reaching the Arabian Peninsula and Asia. This article analyzes the economic history of the region, draws the contours of the production of gold and slaves, and traces their routes to the Red Sea. It shows a relatively stable localization of the \"production\" of gold and slaves in Ethiopia during the medieval period. At the local level, this phenomenon raises questions about various aspects of the Ethiopian slave trade, such as the methods of slave acquisition (raids, wars, punitive expeditions), and the role of physical and cultural otherness (stigmatization and legitimization based on cultural denigration), and their impact on the transformation of political structures.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43443421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0101
Hagar Salamon
ABSTRACT:Even though slavery-related understandings are deeply embedded in the collective Ethiopian consciousness, they are seldom explicitly discussed. In the course of oral interviews carried out in rural northwestern Ethiopia with elderly men and women who still recall the practice of slavery, a rich corpus of Amharic proverbs related to this topic was collected. Focusing on a specific segment of this corpus, I invite the reader to visit Ethiopian folkloric crossroads of slaves and salt, spiced up with some hot chili pepper. These proverbs are revealed as a powerful channel to tap into generally submerged and rarely discussed local slavery-related perceptions.
{"title":"Spices for Thought: Salt, Chili Pepper, and Slaves in Ethiopian Amharic Proverbs","authors":"Hagar Salamon","doi":"10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Even though slavery-related understandings are deeply embedded in the collective Ethiopian consciousness, they are seldom explicitly discussed. In the course of oral interviews carried out in rural northwestern Ethiopia with elderly men and women who still recall the practice of slavery, a rich corpus of Amharic proverbs related to this topic was collected. Focusing on a specific segment of this corpus, I invite the reader to visit Ethiopian folkloric crossroads of slaves and salt, spiced up with some hot chili pepper. These proverbs are revealed as a powerful channel to tap into generally submerged and rarely discussed local slavery-related perceptions.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49140232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0005
Giulia Bonacci, Alexander Meckelburg
ABSTRACT:Slavery remains one of the blind spots in the historiography of the Horn of Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular. This is peculiar in light of the fact that in the territories of the Horn slavery left a significant imprint on the sociocultural fabric, and that the ports along the Horn of Africa coastfed the slave trade to the Arab, Ottoman, and Indian Ocean worlds for many centuries. In this article, we highlight some of the research trends on slavery in Africa and discuss slavery and the slave trade in different Ethiopian regions. We also question the public silence around the legacies of slavery in the country. By means of introducing the articles of this special issue, we point towards new, pending, or unresolved research questions.
{"title":"Revisiting Slavery and the Slave Trade in Ethiopia","authors":"Giulia Bonacci, Alexander Meckelburg","doi":"10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Slavery remains one of the blind spots in the historiography of the Horn of Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular. This is peculiar in light of the fact that in the territories of the Horn slavery left a significant imprint on the sociocultural fabric, and that the ports along the Horn of Africa coastfed the slave trade to the Arab, Ottoman, and Indian Ocean worlds for many centuries. In this article, we highlight some of the research trends on slavery in Africa and discuss slavery and the slave trade in different Ethiopian regions. We also question the public silence around the legacies of slavery in the country. By means of introducing the articles of this special issue, we point towards new, pending, or unresolved research questions.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47824592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0131
Abinet Shiferaw, Dawit Yosef, Melake Mihret, V. Gottowik
ABSTRACT:Most of the young women and girls in Addis Ababa who work as household servants, construction workers or prostitutes are migrants from the Amhara region and other parts of North Ethiopia. They have fled from so-called harmful traditional practices, e.g. early marriage, abduction and rape. This article presents the life stories of young women and girls who have escaped to Addis Ababa, where they try to make a living as female household servants. Their struggle for survival in Ethiopia's capital is documented, but also their will to take control of their own destiny. These life stories illustrate that their decision to leave their family and migrate to Addis Ababa is a subversive act against structural violence and the above mentioned practices. The discussion of these practices makes it clear that early marriage is a reaction of the Amhara region and other parts of North Ethiopia to economic pressures to which this society in turn responds in a cultural specific way. This interplay of economic and socio-cultural elements has triggered a dynamic with unprecedented consequences not only for the female part of the population but for the society as a whole.
{"title":"Rural-to-Urban Migration as an Escape from \"Harmful Traditional Practices\"?: A Study of the Life Stories of Female Household Servants in Addis Ababa","authors":"Abinet Shiferaw, Dawit Yosef, Melake Mihret, V. Gottowik","doi":"10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Most of the young women and girls in Addis Ababa who work as household servants, construction workers or prostitutes are migrants from the Amhara region and other parts of North Ethiopia. They have fled from so-called harmful traditional practices, e.g. early marriage, abduction and rape. This article presents the life stories of young women and girls who have escaped to Addis Ababa, where they try to make a living as female household servants. Their struggle for survival in Ethiopia's capital is documented, but also their will to take control of their own destiny. These life stories illustrate that their decision to leave their family and migrate to Addis Ababa is a subversive act against structural violence and the above mentioned practices. The discussion of these practices makes it clear that early marriage is a reaction of the Amhara region and other parts of North Ethiopia to economic pressures to which this society in turn responds in a cultural specific way. This interplay of economic and socio-cultural elements has triggered a dynamic with unprecedented consequences not only for the female part of the population but for the society as a whole.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43459155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0083
Peter P. Garretson
ABSTRACT:During the 1920s Hakim Wärqənäh founded the Fəqrənna Agälgəlot Mahbär (Love and Service Organization), which was one of the most important attempts by Ethiopian intellectuals and elite to grapple with the issue of slavery and the slave trade in Ethiopia. It may also have been Ethiopia's first international NGO (nongovernmental organization). After approval from the heir to the throne, it went on to found a school for freed slaves, the first in Ethiopia. It included in its membership most of Ethiopia's progressives in the pre-1935 era. It also became an important component in Ras Täfäri's modernization campaign and a way for progressives to organize and network through their regular meetings. Wärqənäh combined elements of two organizations of which he had been a member, the traditional Mahbär and the Masonic order. All new members had to agree to free all their slaves.
摘要:20世纪20年代，哈基姆Wärq / näh创立了爱与服务组织(F / qr / nna Agälg / lot Mahbär)，这是埃塞俄比亚知识分子和精英阶层为解决奴隶制和奴隶贸易问题所做的最重要的尝试之一。它也可能是埃塞俄比亚第一个国际非政府组织(NGO)。在得到王位继承人的批准后，它继续为被释放的奴隶建立了一所学校，这是埃塞俄比亚的第一所学校。它的成员包括1935年前埃塞俄比亚的大多数进步人士。它也成为Ras Täfäri现代化运动的一个重要组成部分，也是进步人士通过定期会议组织和建立网络的一种方式。Wärq æ näh结合了他曾经是成员的两个组织的元素，传统的Mahbär和共济会秩序。所有新成员必须同意释放他们所有的奴隶。
{"title":"Fəqrən na Agälgəlot Mahbär (Love and Service Association): Hakim Wärqənäh and an Early Ethiopian NGO","authors":"Peter P. Garretson","doi":"10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/NORTAFRISTUD.17.2.0083","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:During the 1920s Hakim Wärqənäh founded the Fəqrənna Agälgəlot Mahbär (Love and Service Organization), which was one of the most important attempts by Ethiopian intellectuals and elite to grapple with the issue of slavery and the slave trade in Ethiopia. It may also have been Ethiopia's first international NGO (nongovernmental organization). After approval from the heir to the throne, it went on to found a school for freed slaves, the first in Ethiopia. It included in its membership most of Ethiopia's progressives in the pre-1935 era. It also became an important component in Ras Täfäri's modernization campaign and a way for progressives to organize and network through their regular meetings. Wärqənäh combined elements of two organizations of which he had been a member, the traditional Mahbär and the Masonic order. All new members had to agree to free all their slaves.","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48649504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0165
James De Lorenzi
{"title":"The Orientalist on Trial: Enrico Cerulli and the United Nations War Crimes Commission","authors":"James De Lorenzi","doi":"10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/nortafristud.18.1-2.0165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35635,"journal":{"name":"Northeast African Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66951185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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