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Muertes en prisión: hallazgos toxicológicos en los casos analizados en el Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses (Madrid) en el período 2021–2023 监狱中的死亡:马德里国家毒理学和法医科学研究所分析的2021 - 2023年期间的毒理学结果
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2024.11.003
Carlos García Caballero, María Antonia Martínez González

Introduction

a 39,5% of violent deaths occurred in Spanish prisons, were drugs related deaths.
In this study we assess the role of abuse drugs and prescribed psychoactive drugs in a cohort of prison's deaths cases along three years.

Materials and methods

a cohort of 40 cases were received during the period 2021–2023. Each of them was classified following several parameters: sex, age, pathologies, pharmacological treatment, reported cause of death and toxicological analysis (analyzed samples and detected substances following analytical routine).

Results

An 82,5% of cases submitted (n = 33) were classified as violent deaths: suicide by hanging (39.4%; n = 13) and drug related deaths (60.6%; n = 20). Victim's profile was a man with a mean age of 39.5 years old, who suffered a mental disease and had prescribed a medical treatment mainly with psychoactive drugs.
In cases of suicide by hanging, toxicological analysis revealed psychoactive drugs consumption, such as bezodiazepines and GABAergic drugs. On the other hand, in drug related deaths cases, poly-drug consumption involving abuse drugs and prescribed drugs, was prevalent.

Discussion

The whole of violent deaths cases showed a positive toxicologycal result. In regard oh these results, we should highlight the absence of alcohol, and the polyconsumption of prescribed and not prescribed psychoactive drugs involving abuse drugs in those cases where polydrug intoxication was reported as cause of death. Abuse drugs detected corresponded with consumption pattern in Spanish society.
在西班牙监狱中发生的暴力死亡中,39.5%与毒品有关。在这项研究中,我们评估了滥用药物和处方精神活性药物在三年监狱死亡案件中的作用。材料与方法在2021-2023年期间接收40例队列。根据以下几个参数对每个病例进行分类:性别、年龄、病理、药物治疗、报告的死亡原因和毒理学分析(根据分析常规分析样品和检测到的物质)。结果82.5%的提交病例(n = 33)属于暴力死亡:上吊自杀(39.4%;N = 13)和药物相关死亡(60.6%;n = 20)。受害人的资料是一名平均年龄39.5 岁的男子,患有精神疾病,主要用精神药物进行治疗。在上吊自杀的案例中,毒理学分析显示精神活性药物的消耗,如苯二氮卓类药物和gaba能药物。另一方面,在与毒品有关的死亡案件中,涉及滥用药物和处方药的多种药物消费很普遍。所有暴力致死病例毒理学结果均为阳性。关于这些结果,我们应该强调指出,在报告多种药物中毒为死亡原因的情况下,没有酒精,并且多次服用处方和非处方精神活性药物,涉及滥用药物。所发现的滥用药物与西班牙社会的消费模式相吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Informatividad a posteriori en casos de paternidad estándar con el kit Investigator Argus X-12 y hallazgos mutacionales 使用 Investigator Argus X-12 套件和突变结果的标准亲子鉴定案例中的后验信息量
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2024.11.001
Eduardo Rojas-Prado, Irán Cortés-Trujillo, Mayra E. García-Aceves, Mariana Chávez-Arreguín, Karina González-Becerra, Alma F. Favela-Mendoza, Héctor Rangel-Villalobos

Introduction

The Investigator Argus X-12 kit is a valuable complementary tool for human identification purposes, especially for solving complex kinship cases. The analysis of these cases generates valuable information in routine forensic work, such as a posteriori informativeness (LR: likelihood ratio) and mutation rates.

Objetive

To analyze the LR offered by the Argus X-12 QS kit in 74 Mexican families, including the father, mother, and daughter(s), respectively.

Methods

Exact LRs were estimated with the FamlinkX software in the families as paternity trio cases (n = 74; average 8.E + 14) and duo cases (n = 148; average 6.1E + 11), omitting the mother and father, respectively.

Results

The LR of the trios (a posteriori) was significantly higher than the (a priori) parameter IP typical (3.98E + 04). As reference, we report the LR of complex kinship cases solved with X-STRs: maternal half-sisters (LR = 111), paternal half-sisters (LR = 5567), paternal half-sisters with their mothers (LR = 6.0E + 07, and paternal grandmother-granddaughter (LR = 15,864). Nine mutations were detected in 161 meiosis. The mutation rate was estimated in seven X-STRs, which was 0,0062 (1/161) for DXS10148, DXS10135, DXS8378, DXS10146, and DXS7423, and 0,0124 (2/161) for DXS10074 and DXS10101. These findings will be useful in future meta-analyses to achieve more conclusive estimates. A null allele in DXS10148 was inferred between a mother and daughter, supported by the low probability that the finding is explained by an 8-step mutation (26.1  18), and the low frequency of the 26.1 homozygote.

Conclusion

The a posteriori informativeness of Argus X-12 in paternity and kinship cases described herein, justify the inclusion of the X-STRs in forensic genetics labs.
调查员Argus X-12试剂盒是一种有价值的辅助工具,用于人类识别目的,特别是解决复杂的亲属关系案件。对这些案件的分析在日常法医工作中产生了有价值的信息,例如后验信息(LR:似然比)和突变率。目的分析Argus X-12 QS试剂盒在74个墨西哥家庭(包括父亲、母亲和女儿)中提供的LR。方法采用FamlinkX软件对父系三人组(n = 74;平均8。E + 14)和2例(n = 148;平均6.1E + 11),分别省略了母亲和父亲。结果三组的LR(后验)显著高于IP典型参数(3.98E + 04)。作为参考,我们报道了使用X-STRs解决的复杂亲属关系病例的LR:母同父异母姐妹(LR = 111),父同父异母姐妹(LR = 5567),父同母异母姐妹(LR = 6.0E + 07),父祖母-孙女(LR = 15,864)。161例减数分裂中检测到9个突变。7个x - str的突变率估计为:DXS10148、DXS10135、DXS8378、DXS10146和DXS7423的突变率为0.0062 (1/161),DXS10074和DXS10101的突变率为0.0124(2/161)。这些发现将有助于未来的荟萃分析,以获得更结论性的估计。在DXS10148中,母亲和女儿之间存在一个空等位基因,这一发现被解释为8步突变(26.1→18)的可能性很低,并且26.1纯合子的频率很低。结论Argus X-12基因在亲子关系和亲属关系中的后验信息,值得法医遗传学实验室使用。
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引用次数: 0
Tentativa de suicidio por policía: a propósito de un caso 警察自杀未遂:针对一个案件
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2024.10.002
Francisco J. Pera , Rosa M. Marote , Teresa Elegido , Irene L. Álvarez , Julia Benéitez
Throughout their professional life, forensic doctors and psychiatric specialists are often confronted with suicide, whether attempted or completed. However, the type of suicide mechanism that we describe in this article (suicide attempt by police officer) is highly infrequent in our environment, although not in other cultures. So much so that, with more than one hundred years of professional practice between all the authors, this is the first time that we have been confronted with this suicide mechanism.
在他们的职业生涯中,法医和精神病专家经常面临自杀,无论是企图自杀还是已经自杀。然而,我们在这篇文章中描述的自杀机制类型(警察自杀企图)在我们的环境中非常罕见,尽管在其他文化中并非如此。因此,在所有作者一百多年的专业实践中,这是我们第一次面对这种自杀机制。
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引用次数: 0
Intoxicación por metanol: necrosis del caudado y putamen 甲醇中毒:牛粪和腐肉坏死
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2024.07.003
Jennifer Cárdenas Romero , Sandra Patricia Díaz Pardo , Arbey Hernán Medina Rocha
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引用次数: 0
Opciones profesionales para especialistas en medicina legal y forense: un enfoque multidisciplinar 法医学和法医学专家的职业选择:多学科办法
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2024.11.004
Josep Arimany-Manso , María Dolores Pérez-Cárceles , Marta Grijalba-Mazo , Amadeo Pujol-Robinat
In this article we analyse the future job opportunities for the speciality of Legal and Forensic Medicine. With the integration of the speciality into the MIR training system and with a new teaching programme, the aim is for the new specialist in legal and forensic medicine to have a high level of training and to prepare highly qualified doctors to work in the field of the speciality of legal and forensic medicine. The main objective of this training is that the specialists acquire knowledge and skills to investigate and evaluate from a medical-scientific point of view the cases related to justice, such as injuries, medico-legal investigation of death, causes of death, crimes against sexual freedom and forensic psychiatry, among others. Furthermore, the specialists can integrate into the university world, making academic career (university professors), in addition to integration in other areas as described in the article.
本文分析了法医学专业未来的就业机会。通过将该专业纳入MIR培训系统和新的教学方案,目的是使法律和法医学的新专家接受高水平的培训,并为在法律和法医学专业领域工作的高素质医生做好准备。培训的主要目的是使专家掌握从医学科学的角度调查和评价与司法有关的案件的知识和技能,如伤害、死亡的医学法律调查、死亡原因、危害性自由的犯罪和法医精神病学等。此外,专家可以融入大学世界,使学术生涯(大学教授),除了在文章中描述的其他领域的整合。
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引用次数: 0
La etapa más reciente de la Revista Española de Medicina Legal 西班牙法律医学杂志的最新阶段
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2024.09.002
Amadeo Pujol-Robinat , Francisco J. Pera-Bajo , Josep Arimany-Manso
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引用次数: 0
Organización de la medicina legal y forense en España 西班牙法医和法医学组织
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2024.11.006
Marta Grijalba , Eneko Barbería , José M. Montero , Rafael Bañón , Mar Pastor , Rosa Ana Marcos , Andrés Santiago-Sáez
The organization of Legal and Forensic Medicine in Spain has undergone important structural and functional changes. Social, legislative and technological progress has determined an evolution in the form of access, scope of action, organizational dependence, functions, specialization, provision of resources, extrajudicial activities and relations with other institutions. The figure of the forensic doctor attached to a court, isolated, polyvalent, with no teaching or research activity is now a thing of the past. The figure of the Institutes already provided for in Organic Law 6/1985 of 1 July 1985 on the Judiciary promoted unity of action, teamwork, specialization and training, teaching and research. The enactment of Royal Decree 144/2023, of 28 February, approving the Regulations of the Institutes of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences has allowed these technical bodies to adapt to the process of modernisation of justice and to the necessary social and health projection of forensic sciences. We must look to the future and adapt the organizational structure, the functioning of the institutes and the regulations for their creation and entry into operation to the new changes.
西班牙的法律和法医组织经历了重要的结构和功能变化。社会、立法和技术进步决定了机会、行动范围、组织依赖性、职能、专业化、资源提供、法外活动和与其他机构的关系等形式的演变。依附于法庭的法医形象,孤立的,多价的,没有教学或研究活动,现在已经成为过去。1985年7月1日关于司法机构的第6/1985号组织法已规定的研究所数目促进了行动的统一、团队合作、专业化和培训、教学和研究。2月28日颁布了第144/2023号皇家法令,批准了《法律医学和法医科学研究所条例》,使这些技术机构能够适应司法现代化进程以及法医科学的必要社会和健康预测。我们必须展望未来,调整机构的组织结构、机构的职能以及它们的建立和运作的规章制度,以适应新的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Revista Española de Medicina Legal: análisis bibliométrico en Scopus del periodo 2008–2024 西班牙法律医学杂志:2008 - 2024年Scopus文献计量分析
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2024.10.001
Eneko Barbería , Alexandre Xifró , Carles Martin-Fumadó , Cèlia Rudilla-Soler

Objective

To analyze the coverage and main bibliometric indicators of Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine (SJLM) in the Scopus database.

Methods

We identified the evolution of the journal's production between 2008–2024 and the citation and impact indicators (number of citations, CiteScore, Scimago Journal Rank-SJR, quartile, h-index, most cited and read papers).

Results

515 papers were included in Scopus (27.1 annual average) with an h-index of 15 and a self-citation rate of 21.5% for the period studied. The number of citations received in Scopus was 1,510, reaching the peak of citations in 2022. In the category Pathology and Forensic Medicine, for the year 2023, SJLM obtained an h-index of 13, with an SJR of 0.217 corresponding to the third quartile. In 2023 the percentage of female authors was 53.85%. The most productive institutions were the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Catalonia and the National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences. The article with the best metrics was the one related to gender violence and confinement due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic published in 2020.

Conclusions

A positive evolution of SJLM metrics is observed during the period studied. The improvement of the journal's indicators would benefit from its indexing in other international databases.
目的分析《西班牙法律医学杂志》(Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine, SJLM)在Scopus数据库中的收录情况及主要文献计量指标。方法分析该期刊2008-2024年间的产量变化及其被引和影响指标(被引次数、CiteScore、Scimago journal Rank-SJR、四分位数、h指数、被引论文数和阅读论文数)。结果Scopus共收录论文515篇,年平均27.1篇,h指数为15,自引率为21.5%。Scopus收录的引用数为1510次,在2022年达到峰值。在病理学和法医学类别中,SJLM在2023年的h指数为13,对应于第三四分位数的SJR为0.217。2023年,女性作者的比例为53.85%。最有成效的机构是加泰罗尼亚法律医学和法医学研究所和国家毒理学和法医学研究所。指标最好的文章是2020年发表的关于性别暴力和禁闭的文章。结论在研究期间,SJLM指标发生了积极的变化。该期刊指标的改进将受益于它在其他国际数据库中的索引。
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引用次数: 0
Celebrando el 50 aniversario de Revista Española de Medicina Legal 庆祝《西班牙法律医学杂志》50周年
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2024.09.001
Clara Ortega
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引用次数: 0
Consejos prácticos para escribir un artículo científico 撰写科学论文的实用技巧
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2024.11.002
Erik Cobo, José Antonio González
The text explores the importance of scientific publishing in the medical field and the dual role of the author/reviewer. The reviewer's work is crucial, as their objective is to assist other authors in improving their manuscripts and ensuring that methods are reproducible, which allows for the validation of results in future studies. In the interest of greater transparency, we emphasize the role of publication guidelines, such as CONSORT, which promote rigorous and reproducible research. There is substantial evidence demonstrating that adherence to these guidelines can enhance the quality of articles. Finally, researchers are encouraged to contribute honestly to the advancement of knowledge and best clinical practices, with the hope that their findings will translate into public health benefits.
本文探讨了科学出版在医学领域的重要性和作者/审稿人的双重角色。审稿人的工作是至关重要的,因为他们的目标是帮助其他作者改进他们的手稿,并确保方法的可重复性,这允许在未来的研究中验证结果。为了提高透明度,我们强调出版指南的作用,例如CONSORT,它促进严格和可重复的研究。有大量证据表明,遵守这些准则可以提高文章的质量。最后,鼓励研究人员诚实地为知识的进步和最佳临床实践作出贡献,希望他们的发现将转化为公共卫生的利益。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal
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