Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.004
N. Gukop, P. Kamtu, S. J. Zwalnan
The finite element analysis of spherical indentation was conducted using the SolidWorks simulation software. The relationship between the load and indention was determined, and comparison with the Hertzian solution was made. In this study, spherical indenters of diameter 5, 10 and 15 mm were used to assess the effect of indenter radius on indentation response at a specified load. The outcome of our study shows that the resulting load-indentation response does not closely correlate; as a result, a difference of 21.2% was observed between the hertz solution and simulated results. The increase in diameter was observed to be associated with the corresponding decrease in indentation depth and the indentation stress. The von Mises stress contour at maximum load was analysed and was observed to be the highest on the indented surface beneath the indenter. The resultant displacement contour shows a uniform displacement distribution.
{"title":"Analysis of Indentation Test Using Solid Works Simulation","authors":"N. Gukop, P. Kamtu, S. J. Zwalnan","doi":"10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"The finite element analysis of spherical indentation was conducted using the SolidWorks simulation software. The relationship between the load and indention was determined, and comparison with the Hertzian solution was made. In this study, spherical indenters of diameter 5, 10 and 15 mm were used to assess the effect of indenter radius on indentation response at a specified load. The outcome of our study shows that the resulting load-indentation response does not closely correlate; as a result, a difference of 21.2% was observed between the hertz solution and simulated results. The increase in diameter was observed to be associated with the corresponding decrease in indentation depth and the indentation stress. The von Mises stress contour at maximum load was analysed and was observed to be the highest on the indented surface beneath the indenter. The resultant displacement contour shows a uniform displacement distribution.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133093744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.002
Li Fang Lai, N. Zainal, C. Soon
High blood pressure/hypertension is a severe medical issue among Malaysians that could be reduced by monitoring our salt/sodium intake. One way is to use intraoral salt sensor; this in-mouth method however may cause discomfort and adopts complex and costly fabrication processes. Hence, an external and reusable electronic device, that could be used as a “sweat-sensor”, is preferred in detecting the sodium intake of the body. In this study, a potentiometric diode-based salt solution sensor was designed and fabricated in order to detect different salt solution concentrations with applied external voltage. A p-n junction diode sensor was successfully designed and fabricated using four consecutive techniques; thermal wet oxidation, photolithography, thermal diffusion and metallization. The average sheet resistance and resistivity of the diode sensor were measured to be 3.50 x 105 ± 0.66 Ω⁄sq and 3.05 ± 0.5 Ωcm respectively. This sensor showed ideal I-V diode characteristics with a knee voltage of 11.5V in forward bias condition and breakdown voltage of -4 V in reverse bias condition. For salt concentration detection, the sensor was able to detect salt concentration changes with respect to current flow, up to 45 mg/mL.
{"title":"Fabrication of A Diode-based Salt Solution Sensor","authors":"Li Fang Lai, N. Zainal, C. Soon","doi":"10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"High blood pressure/hypertension is a severe medical issue among Malaysians that could be reduced by monitoring our salt/sodium intake. One way is to use intraoral salt sensor; this in-mouth method however may cause discomfort and adopts complex and costly fabrication processes. Hence, an external and reusable electronic device, that could be used as a “sweat-sensor”, is preferred in detecting the sodium intake of the body. In this study, a potentiometric diode-based salt solution sensor was designed and fabricated in order to detect different salt solution concentrations with applied external voltage. A p-n junction diode sensor was successfully designed and fabricated using four consecutive techniques; thermal wet oxidation, photolithography, thermal diffusion and metallization. The average sheet resistance and resistivity of the diode sensor were measured to be 3.50 x 105 ± 0.66 Ω⁄sq and 3.05 ± 0.5 Ωcm respectively. This sensor showed ideal I-V diode characteristics with a knee voltage of 11.5V in forward bias condition and breakdown voltage of -4 V in reverse bias condition. For salt concentration detection, the sensor was able to detect salt concentration changes with respect to current flow, up to 45 mg/mL.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129097615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.001
Musaed Mohammed, A. Abdulkarim, A. Abubakar, A. Kunya, Ibrahim Abdullahi Shehu Bashir Musa Umar
Load modeling plays a significant impact in assessing power system stability margin, control, and protection. Frequency in the power system is desired to be kept constant, but in a real sense, it is not constant as loads continually change with time. In much literature, frequency dynamics are ignored in the formulation of load models for the basic assumption that it does not affect the models. In this paper, the composite load model was formulated with Voltage-Frequency Dependency (V-FD) on real and reactive powers and applied to estimate the load model. 2- Area network 4- machines Kundur test network was used for testing the developed model. The model was trained with measurements from a low voltage distribution network supplying the Electrical Engineering department at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Both training and testing data were captured under normal system operation (dynamics). To evaluate the V-FD model performance, Voltage-Dependent (VD) model was examined on the same measured data. The work makes use of the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) as a nonlinear estimator. Results obtained indicate that including frequency dynamics in modeling active power reduces the accuracy of the model. While in modeling reactive power the model performance improves. Hence, it can be said that including frequency dynamics in load modeling depends on the intended application of the model.
{"title":"An Investigative Study on Impact of Frequency Dynamics in Load Modeling","authors":"Musaed Mohammed, A. Abdulkarim, A. Abubakar, A. Kunya, Ibrahim Abdullahi Shehu Bashir Musa Umar","doi":"10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Load modeling plays a significant impact in assessing power system stability margin, control, and protection. Frequency in the power system is desired to be kept constant, but in a real sense, it is not constant as loads continually change with time. In much literature, frequency dynamics are ignored in the formulation of load models for the basic assumption that it does not affect the models. In this paper, the composite load model was formulated with Voltage-Frequency Dependency (V-FD) on real and reactive powers and applied to estimate the load model. 2- Area network 4- machines Kundur test network was used for testing the developed model. The model was trained with measurements from a low voltage distribution network supplying the Electrical Engineering department at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Both training and testing data were captured under normal system operation (dynamics). To evaluate the V-FD model performance, Voltage-Dependent (VD) model was examined on the same measured data. The work makes use of the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) as a nonlinear estimator. Results obtained indicate that including frequency dynamics in modeling active power reduces the accuracy of the model. While in modeling reactive power the model performance improves. Hence, it can be said that including frequency dynamics in load modeling depends on the intended application of the model.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114361353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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