Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.001
Tijjani Abdullahi, Z. Harun, N. Sazali, N. Hairom, M. R. Jamalludin, S. Hubadillah, N. Sazali, S. S. Alias, Faiz Hafeez Azhar
The study explored the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite using kaolin clay precursor in the presence of three different solvents namely, garlic extract, watermelon extract and 2M NaOH solution, with the view of testing their efficacy and potency for green synthesis. Before the zeolitization, the kaolin precursor was activated at a temperature of 850°C to produce metakaolin. The crystallization was achieved in an oven at a temperature of 90°C for 12 hours. The final product is grounded to a fine powder and subsequently undergo testing and characterization via X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FESEM) methods. The purity and grade of the synthesized products vary accordingly with the suitability of the reaction solvent. The synthesized product using a solvent of watermelon plant extract was able to produce zeolite LTA of a good grade. However, the presence of secondary phases informed the effect of the accompanied impurities that might originate from the kaolin precursor or the solvent. The result also portrays the possibility of obtaining a well crystalline zeolite from the Malaysian kaolin without using any structural directing agent or chemical solvents.
{"title":"Synthesizing of Zeolite Particle Using Alkaline Plant Extract","authors":"Tijjani Abdullahi, Z. Harun, N. Sazali, N. Hairom, M. R. Jamalludin, S. Hubadillah, N. Sazali, S. S. Alias, Faiz Hafeez Azhar","doi":"10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"The study explored the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite using kaolin clay precursor in the presence of three different solvents namely, garlic extract, watermelon extract and 2M NaOH solution, with the view of testing their efficacy and potency for green synthesis. Before the zeolitization, the kaolin precursor was activated at a temperature of 850°C to produce metakaolin. The crystallization was achieved in an oven at a temperature of 90°C for 12 hours. The final product is grounded to a fine powder and subsequently undergo testing and characterization via X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FESEM) methods. The purity and grade of the synthesized products vary accordingly with the suitability of the reaction solvent. The synthesized product using a solvent of watermelon plant extract was able to produce zeolite LTA of a good grade. However, the presence of secondary phases informed the effect of the accompanied impurities that might originate from the kaolin precursor or the solvent. The result also portrays the possibility of obtaining a well crystalline zeolite from the Malaysian kaolin without using any structural directing agent or chemical solvents.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115206633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.002
M. R. Jamalludin, S. Hubadillah, Z. Harun, M. Z. Yunos, H. Basri, N. Hairom
This study investigates the effects of rice husk silica (RHS) as additive in the polysulfone membrane to enhance antifouling properties in membrane separation process. The performance (of what?) was evaluated in term of pure water flux (PWF), rejection and antifouling properties. The optimized of normalized flux (Jf /Jo) at different parameter in filtration (pH, ionic strength and tranmembrane-pressure) was carried out by using the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the addition of 4 wt. % RHS give the highest flux at 300.50 L/m².hour (LMH). The highest rejection was found at 3 wt. % of RHS membrane with value 98% for UV254 and 96% for TOC. The optimal value of Jf/Jo was found at 0.62 with the condition of pH: 6.10, ionic strength: 0.05 mol/L and transmembrane-pressure: 2.67 bars. Optimize of RSM analysis from ANOVA also proved that the error of model is less than 0.05% which indicates that the model is significant.
{"title":"The Optimization of RHS-polysulfone Membrane towards Operating Condition for Humic Acid Removal","authors":"M. R. Jamalludin, S. Hubadillah, Z. Harun, M. Z. Yunos, H. Basri, N. Hairom","doi":"10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effects of rice husk silica (RHS) as additive in the polysulfone membrane to enhance antifouling properties in membrane separation process. The performance (of what?) was evaluated in term of pure water flux (PWF), rejection and antifouling properties. The optimized of normalized flux (Jf /Jo) at different parameter in filtration (pH, ionic strength and tranmembrane-pressure) was carried out by using the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the addition of 4 wt. % RHS give the highest flux at 300.50 L/m².hour (LMH). The highest rejection was found at 3 wt. % of RHS membrane with value 98% for UV254 and 96% for TOC. The optimal value of Jf/Jo was found at 0.62 with the condition of pH: 6.10, ionic strength: 0.05 mol/L and transmembrane-pressure: 2.67 bars. Optimize of RSM analysis from ANOVA also proved that the error of model is less than 0.05% which indicates that the model is significant.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132940555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.007
Nazri M. Nawi, P. Harsani, E. T. Tosida, Khairina Mohamad Roslan
The artificial neural network (ANN) particularly back propagation (BP) algorithm has recently been applied in many areas. It is known that BP is an excellent classifier for nonlinear input and output numerical data. However, the popularity of BP comes with some drawbacks such as slow in learning and easily getting stuck in local minima. Improving training efficiency of BP algorithm is an active area of research and numerous papers have been reviewed in the literature. Furthermore, the performance of BP algorithm also highly influenced by the size of the datasets and the data preprocessing techniques that been chosen. This paper presents an improvement of BP by adjusting the two term parameters on the performance of third order neural network methods. This work also demonstrates the advantages of using preprocessing dataset in order to improve the BP convergence. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by means of simulation on medical classification problems. The results show that the proposed implementation significantly improves the learning speed of the general back-propagation algorithm.
{"title":"The Effect of Hyper-Parameters on the Performance of Third Order Neural Network Algorithms on Medical Classification Data","authors":"Nazri M. Nawi, P. Harsani, E. T. Tosida, Khairina Mohamad Roslan","doi":"10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"The artificial neural network (ANN) particularly back propagation (BP) algorithm has recently been applied in many areas. It is known that BP is an excellent classifier for nonlinear input and output numerical data. However, the popularity of BP comes with some drawbacks such as slow in learning and easily getting stuck in local minima. Improving training efficiency of BP algorithm is an active area of research and numerous papers have been reviewed in the literature. Furthermore, the performance of BP algorithm also highly influenced by the size of the datasets and the data preprocessing techniques that been chosen. This paper presents an improvement of BP by adjusting the two term parameters on the performance of third order neural network methods. This work also demonstrates the advantages of using preprocessing dataset in order to improve the BP convergence. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by means of simulation on medical classification problems. The results show that the proposed implementation significantly improves the learning speed of the general back-propagation algorithm.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121339371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.005
S. Hubadillah, N. Hami, N. Salleh, M. R. Jamalludin, Z. Harun, M. Othman, N. Hairom
The purpose of this work is to study the effect of kaolin particle size for the preparation of low cost ceramic membrane suspension and ceramic membrane structure. Kaolin particle size is categorized into two categories; i) ≤ 1µm and ii) ≥ 1 µm. The suspension is prepared via stirring technique under 1000 rpm at 60°C. The particle size of kaolin is characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the prepared suspension is characterized in term of its viscosity. Results indicate that the particle size gave significant effect to the viscosity of ceramic membrane suspension. Preliminary data showed that kaolin with particle size ≤ 1µm resulted ceramic membrane with dense structure.
{"title":"Effect of Kaolin Particle Size Towards Preparation of Kaolin Ceramic Membrane","authors":"S. Hubadillah, N. Hami, N. Salleh, M. R. Jamalludin, Z. Harun, M. Othman, N. Hairom","doi":"10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to study the effect of kaolin particle size for the preparation of low cost ceramic membrane suspension and ceramic membrane structure. Kaolin particle size is categorized into two categories; i) ≤ 1µm and ii) ≥ 1 µm. The suspension is prepared via stirring technique under 1000 rpm at 60°C. The particle size of kaolin is characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the prepared suspension is characterized in term of its viscosity. Results indicate that the particle size gave significant effect to the viscosity of ceramic membrane suspension. Preliminary data showed that kaolin with particle size ≤ 1µm resulted ceramic membrane with dense structure.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123714667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.003
Nazri M. Nawi, E. T. Tosida, Hamiza Hasbi, Norhamreeza Abdul Hamid
Back propagation (BP) neural network is known for its popularity and its capability in prediction and classification. BP used gradient descent (GD) method as one of the most widely used error minimization methods used to train back propagation (BP) networks. Besides its popularity BP still faces some limitation such as very slow in learning as well as easily get stuck at local minima. Many techniques have been introduced to improve BP performance. This research implements second order method together with gradient descent in order to improve its performance. The efficiency of both methods are verified and compared by means of simulations on classifying drug addict repetition. The results show that the second order methods are more reliable and significantly improves the learning performance of BP.
{"title":"An Implementation of First and Second Order Neural Network Classification on Potential Drug Addict Repetition","authors":"Nazri M. Nawi, E. T. Tosida, Hamiza Hasbi, Norhamreeza Abdul Hamid","doi":"10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Back propagation (BP) neural network is known for its popularity and its capability in prediction and classification. BP used gradient descent (GD) method as one of the most widely used error minimization methods used to train back propagation (BP) networks. Besides its popularity BP still faces some limitation such as very slow in learning as well as easily get stuck at local minima. Many techniques have been introduced to improve BP performance. This research implements second order method together with gradient descent in order to improve its performance. The efficiency of both methods are verified and compared by means of simulations on classifying drug addict repetition. The results show that the second order methods are more reliable and significantly improves the learning performance of BP.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127889133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.006
A. Sofiah, M. Samykano, S. Shahabuddin, K. Kadirgama, A. K. Pandey, M. M. Noor
Since a decade ago, investigation on nanofluids has grown significantly owing to its enhanced thermal properties compared to conventional heat transfer fluids. This engineered nanofluid has been widely used in the thermal engineering system to improve their energy consumption by improving the thermal efficiency of the system. The addition of nano-size particles as additives dispersed in the base fluids proved to significantly either improve or diminish the behaviour of the base fluids. The behaviour of the base fluid highly depends on the properties of the additives material, such as morphology, size, and volume fraction. Among the variety of nanoparticles studied, the conducting polymers have been subject of high interest due to its high environmental stability, good electrical conductivity, antimicrobial, anti-corrosion property and significantly cheap compared to other nanoparticles. As such, the main objective of the present review is to provide an overview of the work performed on thermal properties performance of conducting polymers based nanofluids.
{"title":"A Brief Review on Thermal Behaviour of PANI as Additive in Heat Transfer Fluid","authors":"A. Sofiah, M. Samykano, S. Shahabuddin, K. Kadirgama, A. K. Pandey, M. M. Noor","doi":"10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Since a decade ago, investigation on nanofluids has grown significantly owing to its enhanced thermal properties compared to conventional heat transfer fluids. This engineered nanofluid has been widely used in the thermal engineering system to improve their energy consumption by improving the thermal efficiency of the system. The addition of nano-size particles as additives dispersed in the base fluids proved to significantly either improve or diminish the behaviour of the base fluids. The behaviour of the base fluid highly depends on the properties of the additives material, such as morphology, size, and volume fraction. Among the variety of nanoparticles studied, the conducting polymers have been subject of high interest due to its high environmental stability, good electrical conductivity, antimicrobial, anti-corrosion property and significantly cheap compared to other nanoparticles. As such, the main objective of the present review is to provide an overview of the work performed on thermal properties performance of conducting polymers based nanofluids.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127939092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.004
M. Hamdan, N. Hairom, Nurhafisza Zaiton, Z. Harun, S. Fhong, S. Hubadillah, M. R. Jamalludin, N. Jusoh, A. A. Jalil
Thiophene is one of the sulfur compounds in the petroleum fraction that can be harmful to living things and lead to a critical effect on the ecosystem. Photocatalytic degradation is one of the promising methods in treating wastewater as it can mineralization of pollutants into carbon dioxide and water. Other than that, this method is non-toxic and relatively low cost. The production of hydroxyl radicals playing a vital role in the degradation of organic pollutants. It has been claimed that the usage of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles could give an excellent degradation process as this photocatalyst have high photosensitivity, low cost and chemically stable. However, the preparation method of ZnO nanoparticles will affect the agglomeration, particle size, shape and morphology of particles and lead to influence the photocatalytic activity in degrading thiophene. Therefore, this study focused on the effectiveness of ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of fibrous nanosilica (KCC-1) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the capping agent to degrade synthetic thiophene. ZnO/KCC-1 had been synthesized via the precipitation method and characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The chemical bond and nature of the photocatalyst from the FTIR results proved that the synthesis process to produce the ZnO/KCC-1 was succeed. The large surface area of KCC-1 increases the effectiveness of ZnO which is supported by the experimental data. Accordingly, the optimum condition for photocatalytic degradation of thiophene is under pH 7 by using ZnO/KCC-1 as photocatalyst. Hence, it is believed that this research could be implemented to remove the thiophene in petroleum fraction from the actual industrial effluents and this can preserve nature in the future.
{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Synthetic Sulfur Pollutants in Petroleum Fractions under Different pH and Photocatalyst","authors":"M. Hamdan, N. Hairom, Nurhafisza Zaiton, Z. Harun, S. Fhong, S. Hubadillah, M. R. Jamalludin, N. Jusoh, A. A. Jalil","doi":"10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2021.02.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Thiophene is one of the sulfur compounds in the petroleum fraction that can be harmful to living things and lead to a critical effect on the ecosystem. Photocatalytic degradation is one of the promising methods in treating wastewater as it can mineralization of pollutants into carbon dioxide and water. Other than that, this method is non-toxic and relatively low cost. The production of hydroxyl radicals playing a vital role in the degradation of organic pollutants. It has been claimed that the usage of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles could give an excellent degradation process as this photocatalyst have high photosensitivity, low cost and chemically stable. However, the preparation method of ZnO nanoparticles will affect the agglomeration, particle size, shape and morphology of particles and lead to influence the photocatalytic activity in degrading thiophene. Therefore, this study focused on the effectiveness of ZnO nanoparticles in the presence of fibrous nanosilica (KCC-1) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the capping agent to degrade synthetic thiophene. ZnO/KCC-1 had been synthesized via the precipitation method and characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The chemical bond and nature of the photocatalyst from the FTIR results proved that the synthesis process to produce the ZnO/KCC-1 was succeed. The large surface area of KCC-1 increases the effectiveness of ZnO which is supported by the experimental data. Accordingly, the optimum condition for photocatalytic degradation of thiophene is under pH 7 by using ZnO/KCC-1 as photocatalyst. Hence, it is believed that this research could be implemented to remove the thiophene in petroleum fraction from the actual industrial effluents and this can preserve nature in the future.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130089720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.003
A. Alzomor, A. Z. M. Rus, H. A. Wahab, N. S. Salim
The most common sustainable polymer for polyurethane (PU) materials is the production of polyurethane (PU) materials using renewable resources, which will reduce thedependency on petroleum-based products for consumption.This research presents findings from an experimental research on dynamic mechanical and viscoelastic properties such as storage module (E'), loss module(E") and damping coefficient(tan δ)of synthetic epoxy (E) and bio-epoxy (B) polymer foam with different loading ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% flakes and powder filler.The samples were then exposed to 8000 hours of UV irradiation. The samples were subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) over a temperature range of 25-180 ° C for (E) and (B) polymer foam at a frequency of 1 Hz.The results showed that the 20 %synthetic epoxy with flakes filler material, namely as E20L sample with the highest filler ratio, gives the maximum storage module and loss module values (0.3125 MPa and0.0625 MPa respectively), among other filler ratios due to bonding between foam and filler resulting in increased viscosity of the synthetic-epoxy PU foam. The bio-epoxy PU foam with a 5% powder filler material (B5P), has the highest storage value (3,956 MPa) and loss module (17,213 MPa), showing that bio-epoxy PU foams can dissipate energy faster than synthetic-epoxy polymer foams.Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the synthetic epoxy (E) polymer foam had a higher Tg value and the highest value was reported by E5L (1.2) compared to bio-epoxy foams with far less repeatable results due to the less homogeneous polyol structure.
{"title":"Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Synthetic epoxy (E) and Bio-epoxy Polymer Foam Integrated with Wood Filler Under 8000 hours Exposure to UV Irradiation","authors":"A. Alzomor, A. Z. M. Rus, H. A. Wahab, N. S. Salim","doi":"10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"The most common sustainable polymer for polyurethane (PU) materials is the production of polyurethane (PU) materials using renewable resources, which will reduce thedependency on petroleum-based products for consumption.This research presents findings from an experimental research on dynamic mechanical and viscoelastic properties such as storage module (E'), loss module(E\") and damping coefficient(tan δ)of synthetic epoxy (E) and bio-epoxy (B) polymer foam with different loading ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% flakes and powder filler.The samples were then exposed to 8000 hours of UV irradiation. The samples were subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) over a temperature range of 25-180 ° C for (E) and (B) polymer foam at a frequency of 1 Hz.The results showed that the 20 %synthetic epoxy with flakes filler material, namely as E20L sample with the highest filler ratio, gives the maximum storage module and loss module values (0.3125 MPa and0.0625 MPa respectively), among other filler ratios due to bonding between foam and filler resulting in increased viscosity of the synthetic-epoxy PU foam. The bio-epoxy PU foam with a 5% powder filler material (B5P), has the highest storage value (3,956 MPa) and loss module (17,213 MPa), showing that bio-epoxy PU foams can dissipate energy faster than synthetic-epoxy polymer foams.Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the synthetic epoxy (E) polymer foam had a higher Tg value and the highest value was reported by E5L (1.2) compared to bio-epoxy foams with far less repeatable results due to the less homogeneous polyol structure.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123196129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.005
H. M. Teoh, S. Yee
Material characterization method based on radio frequency and microwave measurements is highly demanded. The dielectric properties are very important for electronic circuit design, food industry, and medicine and health care. In this work, a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR)-based sensor employed in the ground plane is proposed for dielectric measurement. This method enables the determination of both relative permittivity and relative permeability at the same time as well as simple sample preparation process. This project focuses on the design, simulation and the prediction formulae of the CSRR. This CSRR is resonating at 2.477 GHz with a quality factor of 128.91 in unloaded condition. Basically, there are shifting in the resonance frequency and the change of the quality factor when dielectric material is placed at the sensing area in separate zones. Four prediction formulas are proposed, which they are depend on the dielectric constant, real permeability, normalized resonance frequency, inverse normalized quality factor, electric loss tangent and magnetic loss tangent of the materials. These formulae are used to measure the permittivity and permeability of FR-4, Polyimide, and self-defined material. Based on the comparison, the percentage error between calculated result and reference data are 10% and 4.1% for electric and magnetic loss tangent respectively. The maximum percentage error in dielectric constant and real permeability are 4.5% and 4.29% respectively. Based on the percentage of error, it is convincing that the prediction formulas are reliable for dielectric measurement. Future work of this project should focus on verification of its actual performance through experimental measurement.
{"title":"Dielectric Properties Characterization Based on Complementary Split-Ring Resonator","authors":"H. M. Teoh, S. Yee","doi":"10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Material characterization method based on radio frequency and microwave measurements is highly demanded. The dielectric properties are very important for electronic circuit design, food industry, and medicine and health care. In this work, a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR)-based sensor employed in the ground plane is proposed for dielectric measurement. This method enables the determination of both relative permittivity and relative permeability at the same time as well as simple sample preparation process. This project focuses on the design, simulation and the prediction formulae of the CSRR. This CSRR is resonating at 2.477 GHz with a quality factor of 128.91 in unloaded condition. Basically, there are shifting in the resonance frequency and the change of the quality factor when dielectric material is placed at the sensing area in separate zones. Four prediction formulas are proposed, which they are depend on the dielectric constant, real permeability, normalized resonance frequency, inverse normalized quality factor, electric loss tangent and magnetic loss tangent of the materials. These formulae are used to measure the permittivity and permeability of FR-4, Polyimide, and self-defined material. Based on the comparison, the percentage error between calculated result and reference data are 10% and 4.1% for electric and magnetic loss tangent respectively. The maximum percentage error in dielectric constant and real permeability are 4.5% and 4.29% respectively. Based on the percentage of error, it is convincing that the prediction formulas are reliable for dielectric measurement. Future work of this project should focus on verification of its actual performance through experimental measurement.","PeriodicalId":357370,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Advances in Integrated Technology","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116577256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.30880/emait.2020.01.01.006
M. A. Zulhakimie, UniversitiTun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Anika Zafiah M. Rus, N. Sulong, N. S. Salim
Wood powder filler applied to the bio-based and epoxy polymer foams has the potential to reinforce the polymer foam structure. The 'Meranti' wood filler type was used as the filler in this analysis. In order to observe the pore size of each sample when exposed to different hours of UV exposure using optical microscopy (OM), this study was made.This analysis was conducted to compare the mechanical properties of each sample with different filler ratios of 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15wt% and 20 wt% at different UV exposure hours, which is 0 hour to 6000 hours with a 2000 hour rapid increase. Using the DMA Q800 TA unit, the mechanical properties were studied. In order to obtain the product of their mechanical properties, samples having a scale of 40 x 10 x 5 mm were clamped into the machine. The results will show the value of tan δ, loss modulus and storage modulus from the DMA test.The tan δ value shows that the high tanδvalue will be produced by the higher ratio filler. In contrast to bio-based polymer foams, epoxy polymer foams with powder fillers have the highest tan δ value. It shows that the higher filler ratio can be reported with the lower tan δ value. As the filler ratio filler in the polymer foams increased, the consequence of storage and loss modulus was found to increase. The greater the modulus of loss and the modulus of storage, the lower the temperature. As energy is lost as heat during UV irradiation exposure, bio-based polymer foams with a high powder filler ratio can dissipate more energy.
木粉填料应用于生物基和环氧聚合物泡沫材料中，具有增强聚合物泡沫结构的潜力。本分析采用“莫兰蒂”木材填料类型作为填料。为了利用光学显微镜(OM)观察每个样品在不同时间紫外线照射下的孔径，我们进行了这项研究。本分析比较了不同填充率(0 wt%、5wt%、10 wt%、15wt%和20 wt%)的样品在不同紫外照射时间(0 ~ 6000小时，2000小时快速增加)下的力学性能。采用DMA Q800 TA装置对其力学性能进行了研究。为了获得其机械性能的产物，将尺寸为40 x 10 x 5 mm的样品夹入机器中。结果将显示从DMA测试得到的tan δ、损耗模量和存储模量的值。tanδ值表明，高掺量的填料会产生较高的tanδ值。与生物基聚合物泡沫相比，粉末填充的环氧聚合物泡沫具有最高的tan δ值。结果表明，tan δ值越低，填充率越高。随着聚合物泡沫中填充率的增加，其存储模量和损失模量的影响也随之增大。损耗模量和储存模量越大，温度越低。由于能量在紫外线照射下以热量的形式损失，高粉末填充比的生物基聚合物泡沫可以耗散更多的能量。
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