Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0600
Krzysztof Piasecki, M. Stasiak
Exchange rate course trajectory can be visualised in a binary representation. Binarization algorithm involves transformation of a course represented by tic data into a respective binary string. Each exchange rate increase by one discretization unit is assigned a binary value 1, and a respective decrease is assigned a 0. Properties and character of the exchange rate course in binary representation, that is, for example, influence of random fluctuations (noise) or relationship between current changes and historical data, are dependent on the appointed discretization unit. In the article a statistical analysis of an exchange rate trajectory for AUD/NZD currency pair in binary representation with different discretization units is presented. The analysis was performed in order to verify possible application of binary representation to create prediction systems based on binary representation state model (BRSM). Data used in performed research consisted of tick data for AUD/NZD from a five-year time period 2012–2017.
{"title":"Impact of Discretization Units on the Modelling Efficiency of Currency Exchange Rate in Binary Representation","authors":"Krzysztof Piasecki, M. Stasiak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0600","url":null,"abstract":"Exchange rate course trajectory can be visualised in a binary representation. Binarization algorithm involves transformation of a course represented by tic data into a respective binary string. Each exchange rate increase by one discretization unit is assigned a binary value 1, and a respective decrease is assigned a 0. Properties and character of the exchange rate course in binary representation, that is, for example, influence of random fluctuations (noise) or relationship between current changes and historical data, are dependent on the appointed discretization unit. In the article a statistical analysis of an exchange rate trajectory for AUD/NZD currency pair in binary representation with different discretization units is presented. The analysis was performed in order to verify possible application of binary representation to create prediction systems based on binary representation state model (BRSM). Data used in performed research consisted of tick data for AUD/NZD from a five-year time period 2012–2017.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127037501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0954
C. Domański
The birth of the Polish official statistics, commonly associated with the establishment of Statistics Poland on 13 July 1918, was possible thanks to the ideas and grassroots work of various scholars, including statisticians, who thus demonstrated their faithfulness to the resolutions of the Four-Year Sejm (Parliament) and the Constitution of 3 May 1791. Statisticians from Kraków, who established Poland’s first statistical society (the Polish Statistical Society) and authored a study entitled Statistics of Poland, Kraków (1915), edited by Adam Krzyżanowski and Kazimierz Kumaniecki, deserve a special recognition in this paper. In the two consecutive years, 1916 and 1917, Kraków saw the publication of two important works, namely Geographical and Statistical Atlas of Poland, Kraków (1916), edited by Eugeniusz Romer and Ignacy Weinfeld, and the Yearbook of Poland. Statistical Tables, Kraków (1917). But scientists from other parts of Poland contributed to the process of laying the foundations for the Polish official statistics as well. Statisticians from Warsaw compiled three volumes of Statistical Yearbooks of the Kingdom of Poland edited by Władysław Grabski, and the work entitled Statistical Yearbook of the Kingdom of Poland and other Polish lands. The Year 1915 under the editorship of Edward Strasburger was published in 1916 in Sankt Petersburg. Around the same period, Polish scientists associated with the University of Lviv expanded the scope of their scientific activity. After regaining independence, the process of establishing the system of official statistics in Poland, at that time carried out already within the framework of Statistic Poland, continued developing dynamically thanks to the scientific input of several dozen Polish statisticians.
{"title":"The birth of official statistics in Poland","authors":"C. Domański","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0954","url":null,"abstract":"The birth of the Polish official statistics, commonly associated with the establishment of Statistics Poland on 13 July 1918, was possible thanks to the ideas and grassroots work of various scholars, including statisticians, who thus demonstrated their faithfulness to the resolutions of the Four-Year Sejm (Parliament) and the Constitution of 3 May 1791. Statisticians from Kraków, who established Poland’s first statistical society (the Polish Statistical Society) and authored a study entitled Statistics of Poland, Kraków (1915), edited by Adam Krzyżanowski and Kazimierz Kumaniecki, deserve a special recognition in this paper. In the two consecutive years, 1916 and 1917, Kraków saw the publication of two important works, namely Geographical and Statistical Atlas of Poland, Kraków (1916), edited by Eugeniusz Romer and Ignacy Weinfeld, and the Yearbook of Poland. Statistical Tables, Kraków (1917). But scientists from other parts of Poland contributed to the process of laying the foundations for the Polish official statistics as well. Statisticians from Warsaw compiled three volumes of Statistical Yearbooks of the Kingdom of Poland edited by Władysław Grabski, and the work entitled Statistical Yearbook of the Kingdom of Poland and other Polish lands. The Year 1915 under the editorship of Edward Strasburger was published in 1916 in Sankt Petersburg. Around the same period, Polish scientists associated with the University of Lviv expanded the scope of their scientific activity. After regaining independence, the process of establishing the system of official statistics in Poland, at that time carried out already within the framework of Statistic Poland, continued developing dynamically thanks to the scientific input of several dozen Polish statisticians.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121241218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0544
Maciej Ryczkowski, Paweł Stopiński
The aim of the article is to delineate Labour Market Areas (LMAs) in Poland with the use of the European version of the Travel to Work Areas (EU-TTWA) methodology that was developed under Eurostat auspices. We received over 300 areas that consist of LAU-2 units (gminas) – the smallest administrative regions in Poland. We discuss Poland-specific results and problems. We compare numbers of LMAs in countries with EU-TTWA-delineated LMAs in relation to population density, total population and area. We propose the taxonomic rank method to select the parameter values for the EU-TTWA algorithm. LMAs may deliver useful spatial information, although one needs to account for their heterogeneity.
{"title":"Labour Market Areas in Poland","authors":"Maciej Ryczkowski, Paweł Stopiński","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0544","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to delineate Labour Market Areas (LMAs) in Poland with the use of the European version of the Travel to Work Areas (EU-TTWA) methodology that was developed under Eurostat auspices. We received over 300 areas that consist of LAU-2 units (gminas) – the smallest administrative regions in Poland. We discuss Poland-specific results and problems. We compare numbers of LMAs in countries with EU-TTWA-delineated LMAs in relation to population density, total population and area. We propose the taxonomic rank method to select the parameter values for the EU-TTWA algorithm. LMAs may deliver useful spatial information, although one needs to account for their heterogeneity.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115822299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0604
Tomasz Klimanek, M. Szymkowiak, Tomasz Józefowski
Surveys and censuses conducted by the Central Statistical Office in Poland are the main sources of information about disability for official statistics. Because sample sizes for relevant cross-classification domains are too small to employ classical estimation methods, results are usually published at a relatively high level of aggregation (at country or province level) or for very broadly defined domains. To meet the growing demand for detailed information about disability, the authors present an attempt of applying the methodology of small area estimation to estimate the percentage of disabled people, in the legal and biological sense, across districts (NUTS 4/LAU 1 units) of the province of Wielkopolska crossclassified by the level of education. This methodological exercise is based on data from the 2011 census and employs selected techniques of indirect estimation. Estimates obtained in the study provide an indication of the spatial variation of disability in the target domains with greater precision. It is worth noting that this level of aggregation has not been considered for purposes of official statistical outputs because of unacceptably high estimation errors of the direct estimator.
{"title":"A Study of Disability Across Districts of the Province of Wielkopolska Using Small Area Estimation Methods","authors":"Tomasz Klimanek, M. Szymkowiak, Tomasz Józefowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0604","url":null,"abstract":"Surveys and censuses conducted by the Central Statistical Office in Poland are the main sources of information about disability for official statistics. Because sample sizes for relevant cross-classification domains are too small to employ classical estimation methods, results are usually published at a relatively high level of aggregation (at country or province level) or for very broadly defined domains.\u0000To meet the growing demand for detailed information about disability, the authors present an attempt of applying the methodology of small area estimation to estimate the percentage of disabled people, in the legal and biological sense, across districts (NUTS 4/LAU 1 units) of the province of Wielkopolska crossclassified by the level of education. This methodological exercise is based on data from the 2011 census and employs selected techniques of indirect estimation.\u0000Estimates obtained in the study provide an indication of the spatial variation of disability in the target domains with greater precision. It is worth noting that this level of aggregation has not been considered for purposes of official statistical outputs because of unacceptably high estimation errors of the direct estimator.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121230446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0609
M. Salamaga
The segmentation of foreign markets is currently treated as an important element of the strategy of operations of enterprises that participate in international exchange of goods and services. This paper fits squarely into a current trend in research on the matter. The article presents the possibility of combining the model of Constant Market Share developed by Leamer, Stern (1970) with cluster analysis. The CMS method allows for a detailed assessment of the sources of changes occurring in the export of compared countries, and in particular its results allow for answering the following question: To what extent may changes in export be explained by the economic situation in the world trade of individual clusters of commodities and to what extent do they result from the competitiveness of these countries? The application of the multivariate statistical methods for the designated effects will allow for the identification of the clusters of countries of the most similar position in the spatial and commodity arrangement, including countries of similar competitiveness of trade. This approach has been applied to the segmentation of EU countries’ markets.
{"title":"International Market Segmentation with the Use of CMS Method and Cluster Analysis","authors":"M. Salamaga","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0609","url":null,"abstract":"The segmentation of foreign markets is currently treated as an important element of the strategy of operations of enterprises that participate in international exchange of goods and services. This paper fits squarely into a current trend in research on the matter. The article presents the possibility of combining the model of Constant Market Share developed by Leamer, Stern (1970) with cluster analysis. The CMS method allows for a detailed assessment of the sources of changes occurring in the export of compared countries, and in particular its results allow for answering the following question: To what extent may changes in export be explained by the economic situation in the world trade of individual clusters of commodities and to what extent do they result from the competitiveness of these countries? The application of the multivariate statistical methods for the designated effects will allow for the identification of the clusters of countries of the most similar position in the spatial and commodity arrangement, including countries of similar competitiveness of trade. This approach has been applied to the segmentation of EU countries’ markets.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127960063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0595
E. Panek
In the author’s previous papers (2016a, 2016b) the generalized concept of turnpike in the stationary Gale’s economy has been proposed – a single turnpike (single von Neumann’s ray) has been replaced with a compact bundle of turnpikes and it has been called multilane turnpike. It has been proven that the ”weak” turnpike theorem holds in (a) stationary Gale’s economy with fixed (unchangeable in time) production technology and in (b) non-stationary Gale’s economy with technology convergent with time to a limit technology. In this article, in reference to the aforementioned papers, alongside with the ”weak” turnpike theorem, the proof of the ”strong” and ”very strong” turnpike theorem has been presented for the partially modified assumptions in a non-stationary economy with multilane turnpike and with technology convergent with time to a limit technology.
{"title":"Non-Stationary Gale Economy with Limited Technology and Multilane Turnpike. ”Weak”, ”Strong” and ”Very Strong” Turnpike Theorem","authors":"E. Panek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0595","url":null,"abstract":"In the author’s previous papers (2016a, 2016b) the generalized concept of turnpike in the stationary Gale’s economy has been proposed – a single turnpike (single von Neumann’s ray) has been replaced with a compact bundle of turnpikes and it has been called multilane turnpike. It has been proven that the ”weak” turnpike theorem holds in (a) stationary Gale’s economy with fixed (unchangeable in time) production technology and in (b) non-stationary Gale’s economy with technology convergent with time to a limit technology. In this article, in reference to the aforementioned papers, alongside with the ”weak” turnpike theorem, the proof of the ”strong” and ”very strong” turnpike theorem has been presented for the partially modified assumptions in a non-stationary economy with multilane turnpike and with technology convergent with time to a limit technology.","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133619106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0536
Robert Szóstakowski
Over the last century a variety of methods have been used for forecasting financial time data series with different results. This article explains why most of them failed to provide reasonable results based on fractal theory using one day tick data series from the foreign exchange market. Forecasting AMAPE errors and forecasting accuracy ratios were calculated for statistical and machine learning methods for currency time series which were divided into sub-segments according to Hurst ratio. This research proves that the forecasting error decreases and the forecasting accuracy increases for all of the forecasting methods when the Hurt ratio increases. The approach which was used in the article can be successfully applied to time series forecasting by indicating periods with the optimal values of the Hurst exponent.
{"title":"The use of the Hurst exponent to investigate the quality of forecasting methods of ultra-high-frequency data of exchange rates","authors":"Robert Szóstakowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0536","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last century a variety of methods have been used for forecasting financial time data series with different results. This article explains why most of them failed to provide reasonable results based on fractal theory using one day tick data series from the foreign exchange market. Forecasting AMAPE errors and forecasting accuracy ratios were calculated for statistical and machine learning methods for currency time series which were divided into sub-segments according to Hurst ratio. This research proves that the forecasting error decreases and the forecasting accuracy increases for all of the forecasting methods when the Hurt ratio increases. The approach which was used in the article can be successfully applied to time series forecasting by indicating periods with the optimal values of the Hurst exponent.","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128880052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0537
I. Bąk, Katarzyna Cheba
The purpose of the paper is study of spatial uniformity in the field of sustainable development of European Union and geographical regions of Europe analyzed by the prism of EU countries located in this regions before, during and after the economic crisis from 2007–2008. Material and methods The analysis of similarities and differences between the EU Member States countries or in the case of geographic regions of Europe has been based on sustainable development indicators published by Eurostat. To the final set of diagnostic features, the 22 indicators have been selected. To study the spatial differentiation of sustainable development the taxonomic measure of development based on median vector Weber as well vector calculus were used. The impact of the economic crisis is particularly obvious in the Southern and Eastern European Union countries. The position of the Southern countries, that failed to cope with the world economic and financial crisis, deteriorated and they fell into the group at the lowest level of development. The results obtained in this study can be used in subsequent years to examine the direction of changes in sustainable development levels observed both from the point of view of the EU Member States and geographical regions.
{"title":"Study of spatial uniformity of sustainable development of the European Union before, during and after the economic crisis","authors":"I. Bąk, Katarzyna Cheba","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0537","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is study of spatial uniformity in the field of sustainable development of European Union and geographical regions of Europe analyzed by the prism of EU countries located in this regions before, during and after the economic crisis from 2007–2008. Material and methods The analysis of similarities and differences between the EU Member States countries or in the case of geographic regions of Europe has been based on sustainable development indicators published by Eurostat. To the final set of diagnostic features, the 22 indicators have been selected. To study the spatial differentiation of sustainable development the taxonomic measure of development based on median vector Weber as well vector calculus were used. The impact of the economic crisis is particularly obvious in the Southern and Eastern European Union countries. The position of the Southern countries, that failed to cope with the world economic and financial crisis, deteriorated and they fell into the group at the lowest level of development. The results obtained in this study can be used in subsequent years to examine the direction of changes in sustainable development levels observed both from the point of view of the EU Member States and geographical regions.","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125175560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0541
A. Lach, Łukasz Smaga
The aim of this paper is to investigate the finite sample behavior of seven goodness-of-fit tests for left truncated distributions of Chernobai et al. (2015) in terms of size and power. Simulation experiments are based on artificial data generated from the distributions that were used in the past or are used nowadays to describe the tails of asset returns. The study was conducted for different tail thickness and for changing truncation point. Simulation results indicate that the testing procedures do not work equally well under finite samples, and some of them require quite large number of observations to perform satisfactorily.
{"title":"Comparison of the Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Truncated Distributions","authors":"A. Lach, Łukasz Smaga","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0541","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to investigate the finite sample behavior of seven goodness-of-fit tests for left truncated distributions of Chernobai et al. (2015) in terms of size and power. Simulation experiments are based on artificial data generated from the distributions that were used in the past or are used nowadays to describe the tails of asset returns. The study was conducted for different tail thickness and for changing truncation point. Simulation results indicate that the testing procedures do not work equally well under finite samples, and some of them require quite large number of observations to perform satisfactorily.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127119133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0526
W. Florczak, W. Grabowski
The aim of this paper to identify, by means of relevant literature survey, and then to quantify – using representative panel of individual questionnaire data and a logit model – the impact of relevant factors affecting demand for legal aid in Poland. The set of explanatory variables contains objective factors – such as income, age, education, gender, marital status, place of residence, occupational status – as well as subjective ones, such as personal attitude towards law, knowledge of law, social capital or social activity. It follows from the results obtained on a representative sample of adult Poles that the number of factors influencing the occurrence of a legal problem is large, the factors themselves being beyond the scope of direct and intentional impact of the state. Thereby, it seems reasonable to allocate the funds devoted to the funding and functioning of the reformed legal aid system in Poland on the basis of the population size criterion. In view of the relative scarcity of quantitative research into the issues raised in the paper frequentist model averaging method has been also used to confirm/reject the conclusions draw on the basis of the logit model. However, this has not altered the afore-mentioned conclusions in any significant way.
{"title":"What Influences Demand for Legal Aid? Logit Analysis with Use of Classical Model Averaging","authors":"W. Florczak, W. Grabowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0526","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper to identify, by means of relevant literature survey, and then to quantify – using representative panel of individual questionnaire data and a logit model – the impact of relevant factors affecting demand for legal aid in Poland. The set of explanatory variables contains objective factors – such as income, age, education, gender, marital status, place of residence, occupational status – as well as subjective ones, such as personal attitude towards law, knowledge of law, social capital or social activity. It follows from the results obtained on a representative sample of adult Poles that the number of factors influencing the occurrence of a legal problem is large, the factors themselves being beyond the scope of direct and intentional impact of the state. Thereby, it seems reasonable to allocate the funds devoted to the funding and functioning of the reformed legal aid system in Poland on the basis of the population size criterion. In view of the relative scarcity of quantitative research into the issues raised in the paper frequentist model averaging method has been also used to confirm/reject the conclusions draw on the basis of the logit model. However, this has not altered the afore-mentioned conclusions in any significant way.","PeriodicalId":357447,"journal":{"name":"Przegląd Statystyczny","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125749114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：