Pub Date : 2020-02-05DOI: 10.1504/ijetp.2020.10026626
R. Babazadeh, S. Pashapour, A. Keramati
Energy planning for mid and long term periods needs forecasting the energy demands in the future. The artificial neural network (ANN) is an efficient forecasting tool which have been widely applied in different fields. One of the weaknesses of the ANN method is appeared when the studied case has many input parameters affecting on the performance of output factor. Noteworthy, there is not reliable data in many applications of real world. The canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method is an efficient tool for data reduction purpose keeping useful information of the used data. The purpose of this paper is to estimate and predict the renewable and non-renewable energy consumption considering environmental and economic factors. To this aim, an integrated approach based on the CCA and ANN method is utilised. The results show that the proposed approach reduces dimension of data without losing valuable information.
{"title":"Developing an integrated approach for optimum prediction and forecasting of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in Iran","authors":"R. Babazadeh, S. Pashapour, A. Keramati","doi":"10.1504/ijetp.2020.10026626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijetp.2020.10026626","url":null,"abstract":"Energy planning for mid and long term periods needs forecasting the energy demands in the future. The artificial neural network (ANN) is an efficient forecasting tool which have been widely applied in different fields. One of the weaknesses of the ANN method is appeared when the studied case has many input parameters affecting on the performance of output factor. Noteworthy, there is not reliable data in many applications of real world. The canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method is an efficient tool for data reduction purpose keeping useful information of the used data. The purpose of this paper is to estimate and predict the renewable and non-renewable energy consumption considering environmental and economic factors. To this aim, an integrated approach based on the CCA and ANN method is utilised. The results show that the proposed approach reduces dimension of data without losing valuable information.","PeriodicalId":35754,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48040841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Until recently, renewable energy technologies (RETs) have been confronted with a huge up-front cost due to technologies in development. However, massive and global deployment of renewable energy systems has led to significant cost reductions and performance improvements and the hope is to see increasing uptake of RETs by African countries. Cameroon a central African country is heavily reliant on hydropower, which contributes an estimated 60% to the country’s total installed 1,400MW capacity in 2015. In addition, there is constants power failure due to the non-reliability of the electric grid and load shedding to meet increasing demand and or to relieve stress on the primary energy source when demand for electricity is greater than the primary power source can supply. However, climate change poses additional huge risk (large reservoirs and dams drying up) and to meet the increasing demand, Cameroon is being forced to seek alternative power sources. In January 2014, Cameroon welcomed its first 72MW solar photovoltaic plant as well as the construction of a 500MW solar photovoltaic park in Q3 of 2015 in the northern region of Cameroon. It is common practice that energy efficiency and energy conservation lead to environmental sustainability. “Energy security starts with energy efficiency and the most sustainable energy option or system is energy conservation”. While it is common practice that energy efficiency and energy conservation lead to environmental sustainability, the building envelope also plays a key role in energy usage, energy conservation and thermal comfort for the building occupants. The rate of infiltration/leakage rate detect the rate of energy usage and cost of using energy. Having a tide and well-constructed building envelope is a key factor and helps reduce/reconcile buildings gas and electricity consumption. RETScreen Expert is the most current version of the RETScreen software and was released to the public on September 19, 2016. The software allows for the comprehensive identification, assessment and optimization of technical and financial viability of potential renewable energy and energy efficiency projects; as well as the measurement and verification of the actual performance of facilities and the identification of energy savings/production opportunities [1-3]. This paper will demonstrate how the software can be use in the design, feasibility, performance assessment and optimization of technical and financial viability of potential renewable energy and energy efficiency projects related to photovoltaic, solar thermal, building envelope and the replacement of non/less-efficient electrical equipment with more efficient and cost effective lamps like LEDs and the installation of smart power bars with automatic shut off function for TV screens, to take care of phantom power in large scale hotels. This approach will further reduce electricity usage and help diversified the sources of energy for a country like Cameroon, which is of
{"title":"Design, feasibility, performance assessment and optimization of the technical and financial viability of potential renewable energy and energy efficiency projects","authors":"D. N. Nkwetta","doi":"10.32438/ijet.1419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/ijet.1419","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, renewable energy technologies (RETs) have been confronted with a huge up-front cost due to technologies in development. However, massive and global deployment of renewable energy systems has led to significant cost reductions and performance improvements and the hope is to see increasing uptake of RETs by African countries. Cameroon a central African country is heavily reliant on hydropower, which contributes an estimated 60% to the country’s total installed 1,400MW capacity in 2015. In addition, there is constants power failure due to the non-reliability of the electric grid and load shedding to meet increasing demand and or to relieve stress on the primary energy source when demand for electricity is greater than the primary power source can supply. However, climate change poses additional huge risk (large reservoirs and dams drying up) and to meet the increasing demand, Cameroon is being forced to seek alternative power sources. In January 2014, Cameroon welcomed its first 72MW solar photovoltaic plant as well as the construction of a 500MW solar photovoltaic park in Q3 of 2015 in the northern region of Cameroon. \u0000\u0000It is common practice that energy efficiency and energy conservation lead to environmental sustainability. “Energy security starts with energy efficiency and the most sustainable energy option or system is energy conservation”. While it is common practice that energy efficiency and energy conservation lead to environmental sustainability, the building envelope also plays a key role in energy usage, energy conservation and thermal comfort for the building occupants. The rate of infiltration/leakage rate detect the rate of energy usage and cost of using energy. Having a tide and well-constructed building envelope is a key factor and helps reduce/reconcile buildings gas and electricity consumption. RETScreen Expert is the most current version of the RETScreen software and was released to the public on September 19, 2016. The software allows for the comprehensive identification, assessment and optimization of technical and financial viability of potential renewable energy and energy efficiency projects; as well as the measurement and verification of the actual performance of facilities and the identification of energy savings/production opportunities [1-3]. This paper will demonstrate how the software can be use in the design, feasibility, performance assessment and optimization of technical and financial viability of potential renewable energy and energy efficiency projects related to photovoltaic, solar thermal, building envelope and the replacement of non/less-efficient electrical equipment with more efficient and cost effective lamps like LEDs and the installation of smart power bars with automatic shut off function for TV screens, to take care of phantom power in large scale hotels. This approach will further reduce electricity usage and help diversified the sources of energy for a country like Cameroon, which is of","PeriodicalId":35754,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73480745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The millions of users in developing countries often live far off the electric grid (rural areas) which seems not very cost effective extending the national grid to these rural areas as per respective governments. Africa’s total primary energy supply has seen an increasing annual rate of about 3%, seeming to be the highest among all other continents. The African continent as a whole is endowed with large renewable energy potential, varying in type across diverse geographic locations. These resources, and the settings in which they exist, can point to country or regional specific renewable energy solutions to fit each nation’s strengths and needs. In Sub-Saharan Africa, reliable access to electric power must be consider a basic precondition to improve people’s lives as it further promote education, health care and economic growth via the creation of sustainable and clean energy jobs. Until recently, renewable energy technologies (RETs) have been confronted with a huge up-front cost and technologies in development but massive and global deployment of renewable energy systems has led to significant cost reductions and performance improvements and the hope is to see increasing uptake of RETs by African countries. Cameroon a Central African country is heavily reliant on hydropower, which contributes an estimated 60% to the country’s total installed 1,400MW capacity in 2015. In addition, there is constants power failure due to the non-reliability of the electric grid and load shedding to meet increasing demand. However, climate change poses additional huge risk (large reservoirs and dams drying up) and to meet the increasing demand, Cameroon is being forced to seek alternative power sources. This paper proposes the need for a sustainable hybrid energy system design and the development of an effective design, simulation and analysis approach of stand-alone off-grid in Cameroon as a potential optimal solution to help power community electrical loads. Finding an optimized mix of renewable energy technologies for Bandjoun and Muyuka were the goals of this paper.
{"title":"Powering community electrical loads in Cameroon using off-grid hybrid energy systems","authors":"D. N. Nkwetta","doi":"10.32438/ijet.1619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/ijet.1619","url":null,"abstract":"The millions of users in developing countries often live far off the electric grid (rural areas) which seems not very cost effective extending the national grid to these rural areas as per respective governments. Africa’s total primary energy supply has seen an increasing annual rate of about 3%, seeming to be the highest among all other continents. The African continent as a whole is endowed with large renewable energy potential, varying in type across diverse geographic locations. These resources, and the settings in which they exist, can point to country or regional specific renewable energy solutions to fit each nation’s strengths and needs. In Sub-Saharan Africa, reliable access to electric power must be consider a basic precondition to improve people’s lives as it further promote education, health care and economic growth via the creation of sustainable and clean energy jobs. Until recently, renewable energy technologies (RETs) have been confronted with a huge up-front cost and technologies in development but massive and global deployment of renewable energy systems has led to significant cost reductions and performance improvements and the hope is to see increasing uptake of RETs by African countries. Cameroon a Central African country is heavily reliant on hydropower, which contributes an estimated 60% to the country’s total installed 1,400MW capacity in 2015. In addition, there is constants power failure due to the non-reliability of the electric grid and load shedding to meet increasing demand. However, climate change poses additional huge risk (large reservoirs and dams drying up) and to meet the increasing demand, Cameroon is being forced to seek alternative power sources. This paper proposes the need for a sustainable hybrid energy system design and the development of an effective design, simulation and analysis approach of stand-alone off-grid in Cameroon as a potential optimal solution to help power community electrical loads. Finding an optimized mix of renewable energy technologies for Bandjoun and Muyuka were the goals of this paper.","PeriodicalId":35754,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84724824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present communication provides a detailed thermal loss analysis of dish concentrator solar cooker. The heat losses that occurs from side walls, bottom surface and top lid of the cooking vessel are reported in this paper. The convective, radiative and conductive heat losses are calculated followed by the calculation of performance index and energy efficiency of cooking vessel. The parameters such as wind speed, hot water temperature, ambient temperature, steam temperature and solar radiations were measured on a sunny day under climatic conditions of Bhopal, India. The concentration ratio of the solar dish cooker was calculated to be 27. It was found that highest losses occurred at the side surface with maximum value reaching 189 W/m2. It was observed that the side losses increases with increase in wind speed. The experimental results show that performance index lies in the range of 24.79 to 26.62 and the mean energy efficiency was determined to be 94.29%
{"title":"Heat loss analysis of a parabolic type dish cooker","authors":"Uday Raj Singh, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.32438//ijet.33181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438//ijet.33181","url":null,"abstract":"Present communication provides a detailed thermal loss analysis of dish concentrator solar cooker. The heat losses that occurs from side walls, bottom surface and top lid of the cooking vessel are reported in this paper. The convective, radiative and conductive heat losses are calculated followed by the calculation of performance index and energy efficiency of cooking vessel. The parameters such as wind speed, hot water temperature, ambient temperature, steam temperature and solar radiations were measured on a sunny day under climatic conditions of Bhopal, India. The concentration ratio of the solar dish cooker was calculated to be 27. It was found that highest losses occurred at the side surface with maximum value reaching 189 W/m2. It was observed that the side losses increases with increase in wind speed. The experimental results show that performance index lies in the range of 24.79 to 26.62 and the mean energy efficiency was determined to be 94.29%","PeriodicalId":35754,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85020796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swirl stabilised combustion is one of the most widely used techniques for flame stabilisation in gas turbine combustors. Lean premixed combustion systems allow the reduction of NOx coupled with fair flame stability. The swirl mechanism produces an aerodynamic region known as central recirculation zone (CRZ) providing a low velocity region where the flame speed matches the flow velocity, thus anchoring the flame whilst serving to recycle heat and active chemical species to the root of the former. Another beneficial feature of the CRZ is the enhancement of the mixing in and around this region. However, the mixing and stabilisation processes inside of this zone have shown to be extremely complex. The level of swirl, burner outlet configuration and combustor expansion are very important variables that define the features of the CRZ. Therefore, in this paper swirling flame dynamics are investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with commercial software (ANSYS). A new generic swirl burner operated under lean-premixed conditions was modelled. A variety of nozzles were analysed using several gaseous blends at a constant power output. The investigation was based on recognising the size and strength of the central recirculation zones. The dimensions and turbulence of the Central Recirculation Zone were measured and correlated to previous experiments. The results show how the strength and size of the recirculation zone are highly influenced by the blend and infer that it is governed by both the shear layer surrounding the Central Recirculation Zones (CRZ) and the gas composition.
{"title":"CFD predictions of Swirl burner aerodynamics with variable outlet configurations","authors":"H. Baej, A. Medina, N. Syred, R. Marsh, P. Bowen","doi":"10.32438/IJET.0615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/IJET.0615","url":null,"abstract":"Swirl stabilised combustion is one of the most widely used techniques for flame stabilisation in gas turbine combustors. Lean premixed combustion systems allow the reduction of NOx coupled with fair flame stability. The swirl mechanism produces an aerodynamic region known as central recirculation zone (CRZ) providing a low velocity region where the flame speed matches the flow velocity, thus anchoring the flame whilst serving to recycle heat and active chemical species to the root of the former. Another beneficial feature of the CRZ is the enhancement of the mixing in and around this region. However, the mixing and stabilisation processes inside of this zone have shown to be extremely complex. The level of swirl, burner outlet configuration and combustor expansion are very important variables that define the features of the CRZ. Therefore, in this paper swirling flame dynamics are investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with commercial software (ANSYS). A new generic swirl burner operated under lean-premixed conditions was modelled. A variety of nozzles were analysed using several gaseous blends at a constant power output. The investigation was based on recognising the size and strength of the central recirculation zones. The dimensions and turbulence of the Central Recirculation Zone were measured and correlated to previous experiments. The results show how the strength and size of the recirculation zone are highly influenced by the blend and infer that it is governed by both the shear layer surrounding the Central Recirculation Zones (CRZ) and the gas composition.","PeriodicalId":35754,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76627254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastic nets are extensively used for shading purposes in arid regions such as in the Arabian Peninsula. Quantifying the convection exchange with shading net and understanding the mechanisms (free, mixed and forced) of convection are essential for analyzing energy exchange with shading nets. Unlike solar and thermal radiation, the convective energy, convective heat transfer coefficient and the nature of convection have never been theoretically estimated or experimentally measured for plastic nets under arid conditions. In this study, the convected heat exchanges with different plastic nets were quantified based on an energy balance applied to the nets under outdoor natural conditions. Therefore, each net was tacked onto a wooden frame, fixed horizontally at 1.5-m height over the floor. The downward and upward solar and thermal radiation fluxes were measured below and above each net on sunny days; also the wind speed over the net, and the net and air temperatures were measured, simultaneously. Nets with different porosities, colors and texture structures were used for the study. The short and long wave’s radiative properties of the nets were pre-determined in previous studies to be used. Re and Gr numbers were determined and used to characterize the convection mechanism over each net. The results showed that forced and mixed convection are the dominant modes existing over the nets during most of the day and night times. The nature of convection over nets depends mainly on the wind speed, net-air temperature difference and texture shape of the net rather than its color and its porosity.
{"title":"Characterizing the convective heat exchange with plastic shading nets under natural arid conditions","authors":"Ahmed M Abdel-Ghanya, Ibrahim M Al-Helal","doi":"10.32438//IJET.11415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438//IJET.11415","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic nets are extensively used for shading purposes in arid regions such as in the Arabian Peninsula. Quantifying the convection exchange with shading net and understanding the mechanisms (free, mixed and forced) of convection are essential for analyzing energy exchange with shading nets. Unlike solar and thermal radiation, the convective energy, convective heat transfer coefficient and the nature of convection have never been theoretically estimated or experimentally measured for plastic nets under arid conditions. In this study, the convected heat exchanges with different plastic nets were quantified based on an energy balance applied to the nets under outdoor natural conditions. Therefore, each net was tacked onto a wooden frame, fixed horizontally at 1.5-m height over the floor. The downward and upward solar and thermal radiation fluxes were measured below and above each net on sunny days; also the wind speed over the net, and the net and air temperatures were measured, simultaneously. Nets with different porosities, colors and texture structures were used for the study. The short and long wave’s radiative properties of the nets were pre-determined in previous studies to be used. Re and Gr numbers were determined and used to characterize the convection mechanism over each net. The results showed that forced and mixed convection are the dominant modes existing over the nets during most of the day and night times. The nature of convection over nets depends mainly on the wind speed, net-air temperature difference and texture shape of the net rather than its color and its porosity.","PeriodicalId":35754,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82496742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ayala, L. Mora‐López, Mariano Sidrach-de-Cardonaa
This article presents the work carried out to implement the use of solar thermal energy in a rehabilitation clinic located in southern Spain. The objective is to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and improve energy sustainability and efficiency of clinical current processes and contribute to a better use of the abundant solar resources in this area. We have developed a strategy that allows better utilization of production of solar collectors. In the first phase we have designed a solar thermal system for domestic hot water supply of 30 double rooms (half the current capacity of the center) and pool heating. This pool is outdoors, with a capacity of 160 m3 and is used for medical treatment during the months of May to September. The management of the use of water heated in the collectors during this period has been established to give priority to the pool heating and the use of the excess energy to supply the hot water system. We have simulated the system performance using the F-char method. The results show that the designed system is able to cover 100% of the energy needs of the pool and cover 60% of the hot water needs of the 30 rooms. It can be stated that the use of this type of energy in facilities such as the one described in this paper allows maximizing the thermal energy produced and represent a significant saving of fossil fuels.
{"title":"Strategies for sustainable and efficient energy consumption in a rehabilitation clinic in southern Spain","authors":"A. Ayala, L. Mora‐López, Mariano Sidrach-de-Cardonaa","doi":"10.32438/ijet.7715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/ijet.7715","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the work carried out to implement the use of solar thermal energy in a rehabilitation clinic located in southern Spain. The objective is to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and improve energy sustainability and efficiency of clinical current processes and contribute to a better use of the abundant solar resources in this area. We have developed a strategy that allows better utilization of production of solar collectors. In the first phase we have designed a solar thermal system for domestic hot water supply of 30 double rooms (half the current capacity of the center) and pool heating. This pool is outdoors, with a capacity of 160 m3 and is used for medical treatment during the months of May to September. The management of the use of water heated in the collectors during this period has been established to give priority to the pool heating and the use of the excess energy to supply the hot water system. We have simulated the system performance using the F-char method. The results show that the designed system is able to cover 100% of the energy needs of the pool and cover 60% of the hot water needs of the 30 rooms. It can be stated that the use of this type of energy in facilities such as the one described in this paper allows maximizing the thermal energy produced and represent a significant saving of fossil fuels.","PeriodicalId":35754,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89399337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Day to day increasing vehicles usage for human activities is caused to accumulate greenhouse emissions into the environment. The biodiesel is a best alternative fuel to run diesel engines. But its lower Calorific value and higher NOx emissions makes the consumer should compromise with engine performance and emission characteristics. As we know, that the use of additives to improve engine Combustion and emissions are caused to increase the fuel cost due to the higher cost of additives. The biodiesel conversion process of third generation biodiesel is costlier and required technological advancements for qualitative fuel. In the present work, the author used mixed culture micro algal particles in Coconut biodiesel (CCNME+AP) to improve engine characteristics. The Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) was enhanced, and the NOx emissions were less due to the absorption of heat in the Combustion chamber, it led to cool combustion phenomena with the Algal particles contained Coconut Biodiesel (CCNME+AP).
{"title":"Investigations of DI CI engine using algal particles contained coconut biodiesel","authors":"K. Babu, A. Babu, K. Murthy","doi":"10.32438/ijet.6318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/ijet.6318","url":null,"abstract":"Day to day increasing vehicles usage for human activities is caused to accumulate greenhouse emissions into the environment. The biodiesel is a best alternative fuel to run diesel engines. But its lower Calorific value and higher NOx emissions makes the consumer should compromise with engine performance and emission characteristics. As we know, that the use of additives to improve engine Combustion and emissions are caused to increase the fuel cost due to the higher cost of additives. The biodiesel conversion process of third generation biodiesel is costlier and required technological advancements for qualitative fuel.\u0000In the present work, the author used mixed culture micro algal particles in Coconut biodiesel (CCNME+AP) to improve engine characteristics. The Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) was enhanced, and the NOx emissions were less due to the absorption of heat in the Combustion chamber, it led to cool combustion phenomena with the Algal particles contained Coconut Biodiesel (CCNME+AP).","PeriodicalId":35754,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87030382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, conditional moment closure model (CMC) along with four variants of RANS turbulence models is used for investigating a methanol bluff-body flame. This work attempts to establish the accuracy of turbulence models in predicting the mixing fields, which results in improved predictions of the mean and variance of mixture fraction. This ensures an accurate probability density function (pdf) of the mixture fraction field which is used to obtain unconditional quantities from the conditional quantities calculated from CMC closure. The flow and mixing field are calculated using ANSYS Fluent software by incorporating four different turbulence models viz. standard k-ε (SKE), modified k-ε (MKE), RNG k-ε and Reynolds stress turbulence models. Flow field simulations have been coupled with an in-house CMC solver to obtain the mean flame structure. Profiles of mixture fraction showed an excellent agreement with the experimental data when Reynolds stress turbulence model was used. The unconditional mean temperature and species mass fraction obtained from the CMC model shows improved predictions when coupled with the Reynolds stress turbulence models. Because of inaccurate mixing field and hence the pdf predicted from SKE, MKE and RNG k-ε models, the unconditional quantities showed significant deviations from the experimental results.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of methanol bluff-body flame using variants of RANS turbulence models with conditional moment closure model","authors":"R. N. Roy, S. Sreedhara","doi":"10.32438/ijet.8615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32438/ijet.8615","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, conditional moment closure model (CMC) along with four variants of RANS turbulence models is used for investigating a methanol bluff-body flame. This work attempts to establish the accuracy of turbulence models in predicting the mixing fields, which results in improved predictions of the mean and variance of mixture fraction. This ensures an accurate probability density function (pdf) of the mixture fraction field which is used to obtain unconditional quantities from the conditional quantities calculated from CMC closure. The flow and mixing field are calculated using ANSYS Fluent software by incorporating four different turbulence models viz. standard k-ε (SKE), modified k-ε (MKE), RNG k-ε and Reynolds stress turbulence models. Flow field simulations have been coupled with an in-house CMC solver to obtain the mean flame structure. Profiles of mixture fraction showed an excellent agreement with the experimental data when Reynolds stress turbulence model was used. The unconditional mean temperature and species mass fraction obtained from the CMC model shows improved predictions when coupled with the Reynolds stress turbulence models. Because of inaccurate mixing field and hence the pdf predicted from SKE, MKE and RNG k-ε models, the unconditional quantities showed significant deviations from the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":35754,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Energy Technology and Policy","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82612362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.1504/IJETP.2019.10021643
Manjushree Banerjee, Gautam Dutta
Increasing wind power capacities demand increased private sector participation while states are responsible for the renewable projects as well as for achieving their renewable targets. The paper aims at identifying the influencing factors in scaling up of grid interactive wind power through the lens of entrepreneurs and state policies. Adequate tariff, savings on power expenditure in industries, renewable purchase obligation (RPO) targets, long-term power purchase agreements, liberal energy banking and favourable open access policies are found to be encouraging while insufficient tariff, delayed payments, policy uncertainties, limitations in energy banking and difficult land processes are counted as barriers. Country level analysis reveals that presently the installed capacities are unable to respond to the state wind tariff though it strongly responds to the power tariff for industries. Suggestions to develop a policy scenario wherein the installed capacities respond to the state tariff are proposed. The scope of wind power is to be enhanced through favourable open access policies and high RPO targets.
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