This paper reviews the performance of fully synthetic gear lubricants in a variety of laboratory and vehicle tests and comparisons are made with premium mineral oil lubricants
本文综述了全合成齿轮润滑油在各种实验室和车辆试验中的性能，并与优质矿物油润滑油进行了比较
{"title":"Synthetic Automotive Gear Lubricants","authors":"W. F. Olszewski, D. Taylor","doi":"10.4271/881324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/881324","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the performance of fully synthetic gear lubricants in a variety of laboratory and vehicle tests and comparisons are made with premium mineral oil lubricants","PeriodicalId":35781,"journal":{"name":"Qiche Gongcheng/Automotive Engineering","volume":"200 1","pages":"638-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76037257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DESIGN FOR AUTOMATION","authors":"E. S. Ekong","doi":"10.3403/bsiec61691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3403/bsiec61691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35781,"journal":{"name":"Qiche Gongcheng/Automotive Engineering","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76027613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Schoonveld, R. Riley, Stephen P. Thomas, S. Schiff
Effective January 1, 1986, regulations by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limited the amount of alkyl lead antiknock additives that could be used in ''leaded gasoline'' to 0.1 gram per gallon. This has led to considerable concern about the potential for serious wear problems in older engines that were designed to run on leaded fuel. Phillips has completed a study to address this concern and identify limits of potential impact. This paper reports the results of this work.
{"title":"EXHAUST VALVE RECESSION WITH LOW-LEAD GASOLINES","authors":"G. Schoonveld, R. Riley, Stephen P. Thomas, S. Schiff","doi":"10.4271/861550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/861550","url":null,"abstract":"Effective January 1, 1986, regulations by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limited the amount of alkyl lead antiknock additives that could be used in ''leaded gasoline'' to 0.1 gram per gallon. This has led to considerable concern about the potential for serious wear problems in older engines that were designed to run on leaded fuel. Phillips has completed a study to address this concern and identify limits of potential impact. This paper reports the results of this work.","PeriodicalId":35781,"journal":{"name":"Qiche Gongcheng/Automotive Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":"700-712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74121427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reviews the progress in the automotive industry toward plastic bodied vehicles. The material, process and design requirements for exterior body panels are discussed according to the various body panel applications. Material and process alternatives for these body panels are discussed. While the potential is large, there is need for a long-term commitment by suppliers toward developing the necessary design, material and process technology.
{"title":"PLASTIC EXTERIOR BODY PANELS : MATERIAL PROCESS REQUIREMENTS","authors":"A. Murray, D. F. Gentle","doi":"10.4271/860517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/860517","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the progress in the automotive industry toward plastic bodied vehicles. The material, process and design requirements for exterior body panels are discussed according to the various body panel applications. Material and process alternatives for these body panels are discussed. While the potential is large, there is need for a long-term commitment by suppliers toward developing the necessary design, material and process technology.","PeriodicalId":35781,"journal":{"name":"Qiche Gongcheng/Automotive Engineering","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76285279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article highlights briefly some of the major milestones in the automotive fuels and lubricants field. Subjects touched on include: tetraethyl lead, engine oil additives, hypoid gear lubricants, and automotive transmission fluids.
{"title":"TODAY'S FUELS AND LUBRICANTS AND HOW THEY GOT THAT WAY","authors":"L. Raymond","doi":"10.4271/801341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/801341","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights briefly some of the major milestones in the automotive fuels and lubricants field. Subjects touched on include: tetraethyl lead, engine oil additives, hypoid gear lubricants, and automotive transmission fluids.","PeriodicalId":35781,"journal":{"name":"Qiche Gongcheng/Automotive Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81669354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of the variable stroke engine (VSE) is explained and problems related to its use are discussed. Single-cylinder combustion data are combined with published multi-cylinder VSE friction data to formulate an engine model. This engine model is coupled with a vehicle model to project 55/45 fuel economy (based on Environmental Protection Agency urban/highway schedule calculations) and NOx (nitrogen oxides) gm/mi which are compared with similar projections for a throttled engine. At an NOx level of 0.93 gm/km (1.5 gm/mi), VSE fuel economy improvements ranged from 2% to 20%, depending upon the frictional losses and the vehicle power-to-weight ratios used in the models (the higher the ratio, the greater the improvement). The calculations suggest that with the VSE, the lower the NOx level, the less the fuel economy improvement. Variable displacement engines using cylinder deactivation have been projected to offer fuel economy improvement competitive with that of the VSE.
{"title":"THE VARIABLE STROKE ENGINE--PROBLEMS AND PROMISES","authors":"D. C. Siegla, R. M. Siewert","doi":"10.4271/780700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/780700","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of the variable stroke engine (VSE) is explained and problems related to its use are discussed. Single-cylinder combustion data are combined with published multi-cylinder VSE friction data to formulate an engine model. This engine model is coupled with a vehicle model to project 55/45 fuel economy (based on Environmental Protection Agency urban/highway schedule calculations) and NOx (nitrogen oxides) gm/mi which are compared with similar projections for a throttled engine. At an NOx level of 0.93 gm/km (1.5 gm/mi), VSE fuel economy improvements ranged from 2% to 20%, depending upon the frictional losses and the vehicle power-to-weight ratios used in the models (the higher the ratio, the greater the improvement). The calculations suggest that with the VSE, the lower the NOx level, the less the fuel economy improvement. Variable displacement engines using cylinder deactivation have been projected to offer fuel economy improvement competitive with that of the VSE.","PeriodicalId":35781,"journal":{"name":"Qiche Gongcheng/Automotive Engineering","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77434241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE VALUE AND THE NEED FOR THE SIMULATION OF RELEVANT DRIVER INFORMATION PROCESSING AND CONTROL FUNCTONS. THE EMPHASIS IS ON RELEVANCE OF SIMULATION TO ENSURE THAT SUCH A SIMULATION WOULD HAVE THE PRACTICAL UTILITY OF HELPING TO REDUCE SOME ACCIDENTS. AN OVERALL REVIEW IS GIVEN OF ACCIDENT RATE STUDY FINDINGS, RESULTS OF MANUAL CONTROL STUDIES, AND CONCLUSIONS BASED ON PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE SKILLS RESEARCH. IT COULD BE POINTED OUT FROM THIS REVIEW THAT THE PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS OF MOST DRIVERS ARE ADEQUATE UNDER ROUTINE CONDITIONS, BUT THAT THESE SKILLS DETERIORATE UNDER THE STRESSES OF SPEED, ACCURACY, TASK LOAD, AND INFORMATION LOAD. SUCH STRESSES CAN OCCUR SIMULTANEOUSLY UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS. THEREFORE, THE OVERLEARNING OF EMERGENCY DRIVING SKILLS IS AN IMPORTANT POTENTIAL USE FOR DRIVING SIMULATORS. THUS, THIS PAPER SHOWS THAT THE SIMULATION OF DRIVER INFORMATION PROCESSING AND CONTROL MUST BE AIMED TOWARD THE TRAINING OF SPECIFIC POPULATION GROUPS IN SPECIFIC CONTROL TASKS AND UNDER EMERGENCY-TYPE DRIVING CONDITIONS, AS WELL AS UNDER ROUTINE-TYPE DRIVING CONDITIONS. IT IS ASSUMED THAT HIGH-ACCIDENT RATE DRIVING POPULATIONS WHO RECEIVE SUCH SIMULATION TRAINING WOULD BE MORE ADEQUATELY PREPARED TO HANDLE ROUTINE AND EMERGENCY DRIVING SITUATIONS AND WOULD, THEREBY, REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THEIR BEING INVOLVED IN A COLLISION. /SAE/
{"title":"Driver Training for Emergency Situations","authors":"Albert Zavala, R. C. Sugarman, R. S. Rice","doi":"10.4271/720144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/720144","url":null,"abstract":"THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE VALUE AND THE NEED FOR THE SIMULATION OF RELEVANT DRIVER INFORMATION PROCESSING AND CONTROL FUNCTONS. THE EMPHASIS IS ON RELEVANCE OF SIMULATION TO ENSURE THAT SUCH A SIMULATION WOULD HAVE THE PRACTICAL UTILITY OF HELPING TO REDUCE SOME ACCIDENTS. AN OVERALL REVIEW IS GIVEN OF ACCIDENT RATE STUDY FINDINGS, RESULTS OF MANUAL CONTROL STUDIES, AND CONCLUSIONS BASED ON PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE SKILLS RESEARCH. IT COULD BE POINTED OUT FROM THIS REVIEW THAT THE PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS OF MOST DRIVERS ARE ADEQUATE UNDER ROUTINE CONDITIONS, BUT THAT THESE SKILLS DETERIORATE UNDER THE STRESSES OF SPEED, ACCURACY, TASK LOAD, AND INFORMATION LOAD. SUCH STRESSES CAN OCCUR SIMULTANEOUSLY UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS. THEREFORE, THE OVERLEARNING OF EMERGENCY DRIVING SKILLS IS AN IMPORTANT POTENTIAL USE FOR DRIVING SIMULATORS. THUS, THIS PAPER SHOWS THAT THE SIMULATION OF DRIVER INFORMATION PROCESSING AND CONTROL MUST BE AIMED TOWARD THE TRAINING OF SPECIFIC POPULATION GROUPS IN SPECIFIC CONTROL TASKS AND UNDER EMERGENCY-TYPE DRIVING CONDITIONS, AS WELL AS UNDER ROUTINE-TYPE DRIVING CONDITIONS. IT IS ASSUMED THAT HIGH-ACCIDENT RATE DRIVING POPULATIONS WHO RECEIVE SUCH SIMULATION TRAINING WOULD BE MORE ADEQUATELY PREPARED TO HANDLE ROUTINE AND EMERGENCY DRIVING SITUATIONS AND WOULD, THEREBY, REDUCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF THEIR BEING INVOLVED IN A COLLISION. /SAE/","PeriodicalId":35781,"journal":{"name":"Qiche Gongcheng/Automotive Engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83283055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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