Abstract Ever-evolving technologies are enabling us to obtain information about the world around us ever more quickly and precisely. This state of affairs contributes to the growing need to store and analyse data. For today’s scientists, this is a challenge because it involves analyses on a global scale. This also applies to spatial data, vast amounts of which are made available online. The Google Earth Engine platform is such a place on the web. It is not just a catalogue for browsing, but above all an environment for programming useful applications. Among free software, it is difficult to find one that is not dependent on the parameters of the computer. In the case of Google Earth Engine, the processes programmed by the user are executed on powerful external servers, and the user only gets the finished result, which he can download to his computer and use in further work. The initial chapters introduce the basic concepts and characterise the specifics of working in this environment, taking into account the limitations of the platform. Then, the individual stages of the algorithm developed by the authors are described, trying to explain well the reasons for the use of particular methods and functions. In order to verify the correctness of the obtained results, existing databases on the subject and published research results of other authors were used.
{"title":"Accuracy of the evaluation of forest areas based on Landsat data using free software","authors":"P. Zajac, E. Debinska, K. Maciuk","doi":"10.2478/ffp-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ever-evolving technologies are enabling us to obtain information about the world around us ever more quickly and precisely. This state of affairs contributes to the growing need to store and analyse data. For today’s scientists, this is a challenge because it involves analyses on a global scale. This also applies to spatial data, vast amounts of which are made available online. The Google Earth Engine platform is such a place on the web. It is not just a catalogue for browsing, but above all an environment for programming useful applications. Among free software, it is difficult to find one that is not dependent on the parameters of the computer. In the case of Google Earth Engine, the processes programmed by the user are executed on powerful external servers, and the user only gets the finished result, which he can download to his computer and use in further work. The initial chapters introduce the basic concepts and characterise the specifics of working in this environment, taking into account the limitations of the platform. Then, the individual stages of the algorithm developed by the authors are described, trying to explain well the reasons for the use of particular methods and functions. In order to verify the correctness of the obtained results, existing databases on the subject and published research results of other authors were used.","PeriodicalId":35789,"journal":{"name":"Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81886196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Likus-Cieślik, Dawid Leńczuk, B. Woś, Adam Lubera, M. Pająk, M. Pietrzykowski
Abstract The correct selection of the species composition of afforestation in relation to the habitat conditions has a decisive impact on the effects of forest reclamation. In most of the reclaimed forestry areas in Poland, the stands enter the prelogging period, and it is possible to assess the first economic and production effects of reclamation. The assessment was made based on the analysis of the size of the harvested wood during the intermediate cutting on the heap of the former ‘Piaseczno’ opencast sulphur mine located in southern Poland and managed by the State Forests. At this stage of development, Robinia pseudoacacia played a large role in obtaining a good income from the sale of intermediate cutting wood and economic effects. The obtained results may be important in the context of indicating alternative directions for reclamation and afforestation of post-mining areas, e.g., for plantation purposes.
{"title":"Productivity and economic effectiveness of young black locust tree stands on afforested sulphur opencast mine sites","authors":"J. Likus-Cieślik, Dawid Leńczuk, B. Woś, Adam Lubera, M. Pająk, M. Pietrzykowski","doi":"10.2478/ffp-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The correct selection of the species composition of afforestation in relation to the habitat conditions has a decisive impact on the effects of forest reclamation. In most of the reclaimed forestry areas in Poland, the stands enter the prelogging period, and it is possible to assess the first economic and production effects of reclamation. The assessment was made based on the analysis of the size of the harvested wood during the intermediate cutting on the heap of the former ‘Piaseczno’ opencast sulphur mine located in southern Poland and managed by the State Forests. At this stage of development, Robinia pseudoacacia played a large role in obtaining a good income from the sale of intermediate cutting wood and economic effects. The obtained results may be important in the context of indicating alternative directions for reclamation and afforestation of post-mining areas, e.g., for plantation purposes.","PeriodicalId":35789,"journal":{"name":"Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76694971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Buhroo, Abdul Lateef Khanday, R. Zubair, S. Rather
ABSTRACT This paper deals with the studies on the biology and development of the bark beetle Ips stebbingi Strohmeyer, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a pest of Himalayan blue pine Pinus wallichiana A.B.Jacks. in Kashmir Himalaya. This pest is an aggressive and notorious one, but little is known of its biology. This beetle pest overwinters in adult stage under the bark of host trees P. wallichiana. After emergence, the adults fly to suitable trees and undergo maturation feeding for 4–6 days. Reproduction is polygamous type; two to six females join a male in his nuptial chamber. After mating, each of the females makes one gallery with an average length of 10.76 (±3.30 standard deviation [SD]) cm. The female lays 23.16 (±7.03 SD) eggs on an average. The eggs hatch in 8–18 days. The larvae have five instars and complete their development in 30–45 days constructing larval galleries of 3.83 (±0.63 SD) cm in length. The larvae pupate for 18–28 days and finally the adults emerge to attack new suitable trees. The adults live for 45–70 days, and the total lifespan of this species ranges from 101 to 156 days. The seasonal distribution of various life stages and the number of generations were also recorded.
{"title":"The first data on the biology of Ips stebbingi Strohmeyer, 1908 (coleoptera: curculionidae: Scolytinae), a pest of himalayan blue pine","authors":"A. Buhroo, Abdul Lateef Khanday, R. Zubair, S. Rather","doi":"10.2478/ffp-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper deals with the studies on the biology and development of the bark beetle Ips stebbingi Strohmeyer, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a pest of Himalayan blue pine Pinus wallichiana A.B.Jacks. in Kashmir Himalaya. This pest is an aggressive and notorious one, but little is known of its biology. This beetle pest overwinters in adult stage under the bark of host trees P. wallichiana. After emergence, the adults fly to suitable trees and undergo maturation feeding for 4–6 days. Reproduction is polygamous type; two to six females join a male in his nuptial chamber. After mating, each of the females makes one gallery with an average length of 10.76 (±3.30 standard deviation [SD]) cm. The female lays 23.16 (±7.03 SD) eggs on an average. The eggs hatch in 8–18 days. The larvae have five instars and complete their development in 30–45 days constructing larval galleries of 3.83 (±0.63 SD) cm in length. The larvae pupate for 18–28 days and finally the adults emerge to attack new suitable trees. The adults live for 45–70 days, and the total lifespan of this species ranges from 101 to 156 days. The seasonal distribution of various life stages and the number of generations were also recorded.","PeriodicalId":35789,"journal":{"name":"Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80174487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Matskevych, V. Yukhnovskyi, I. Kimeichuk, Oksana Matskevych, O. Shyta
ABSTRACT The purpose of the research was to identify the physiological–biochemical and anatomical–morphological peculiarities found during in vitro cultivation of Corylus avellana L. and Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb, which occur as a result of the action of trophic and phytohormonal determinants. The research was conducted on three hazelnut varieties (Trapezund, Jefferson, Tonda Gentile Romana) and four almond varieties (E5 Borozan, M41 Alex, Georgia, Louise). A theoretical and experimental rationale for their use in the microclonal propagation of these cultures has been developed. The effectiveness of the preparatory stage before introduction into aseptic conditions for growing mother plants in closed soil conditions with scattered artificial lighting and microbiological protection has been proven. This reduced self-intoxication by oxidation products with phenol-like substances and microflora contamination of primary explants. Among the nutrient media compared, the best was Nas and Read (NRM) for hazelnuts and Nas Almond Medium (NAM) for almonds. Passaging on the same media leads to a decrease in regeneration indicators. In regenerants of almonds, the rosette of the shoots was noted, and in hazelnuts, the death of apical buds was also found. To prevent this, alternating NRM and driver and kuniyuki walnut (DKW) media for hazelnuts and NAM and Quirin and Lepoivre (QL) for almonds was effective. Long-term cultivation on media with a high content of synthetic analogues of phytohormones leads to the accumulation of phytotoxic effects with each subsequent passage. The phytotoxic effect of cytokinins was manifested in hyperhydration of shoots and of auxins in callus fertilisation. On comparing the ontogenesis of regenerants from explants isolated from mother plants aged 30–180 days, it was found that the optimal age for hazelnut and almond was 90 days. To reset the trophic and hormonal determinants, the introduction of explant donors into a state of dormancy has been successfully used. At the final fourth stage of microclonal propagation, in order to adapt plants simultaneously with an increase in the number of regenerants, it is effective to use the photoautotrophic method of microclonal propagation with intensive lighting and air enriched with carbon dioxide. For the transition of plants from conventional heterotrophic propagation to autotrophic cultivation, an intermediate stage of pre-adaptation of regenerants in wet chamber conditions is effective.
{"title":"Peculiarities of determining the morphogenesis of plants Corylus avellana L. and Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb in vitro culture","authors":"V. Matskevych, V. Yukhnovskyi, I. Kimeichuk, Oksana Matskevych, O. Shyta","doi":"10.2478/ffp-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of the research was to identify the physiological–biochemical and anatomical–morphological peculiarities found during in vitro cultivation of Corylus avellana L. and Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb, which occur as a result of the action of trophic and phytohormonal determinants. The research was conducted on three hazelnut varieties (Trapezund, Jefferson, Tonda Gentile Romana) and four almond varieties (E5 Borozan, M41 Alex, Georgia, Louise). A theoretical and experimental rationale for their use in the microclonal propagation of these cultures has been developed. The effectiveness of the preparatory stage before introduction into aseptic conditions for growing mother plants in closed soil conditions with scattered artificial lighting and microbiological protection has been proven. This reduced self-intoxication by oxidation products with phenol-like substances and microflora contamination of primary explants. Among the nutrient media compared, the best was Nas and Read (NRM) for hazelnuts and Nas Almond Medium (NAM) for almonds. Passaging on the same media leads to a decrease in regeneration indicators. In regenerants of almonds, the rosette of the shoots was noted, and in hazelnuts, the death of apical buds was also found. To prevent this, alternating NRM and driver and kuniyuki walnut (DKW) media for hazelnuts and NAM and Quirin and Lepoivre (QL) for almonds was effective. Long-term cultivation on media with a high content of synthetic analogues of phytohormones leads to the accumulation of phytotoxic effects with each subsequent passage. The phytotoxic effect of cytokinins was manifested in hyperhydration of shoots and of auxins in callus fertilisation. On comparing the ontogenesis of regenerants from explants isolated from mother plants aged 30–180 days, it was found that the optimal age for hazelnut and almond was 90 days. To reset the trophic and hormonal determinants, the introduction of explant donors into a state of dormancy has been successfully used. At the final fourth stage of microclonal propagation, in order to adapt plants simultaneously with an increase in the number of regenerants, it is effective to use the photoautotrophic method of microclonal propagation with intensive lighting and air enriched with carbon dioxide. For the transition of plants from conventional heterotrophic propagation to autotrophic cultivation, an intermediate stage of pre-adaptation of regenerants in wet chamber conditions is effective.","PeriodicalId":35789,"journal":{"name":"Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84289589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damian Korzybski, Miłosz Mielcarek, R. Szczygieł, M. Kwiatkowski, Z. Piasecka, Kacper Guderski, Sylwia Kurpiewska, Hieronim Kuśnierz
ABSTRACT In the spring of 2020, a large-scale fire destroyed 5,526 hectares of wetlands in Biebrza National Park. It was decided to modernize the park’s fire protection system. It proved necessary to develop rules for fire protection in large natural areas where non-forest communities predominate. A team of experts from the Forest Research Institute, the Fire Department, and the Biebrza National Park developed methods for fire protection in the park based on open, publicly available remote sensing data sources. The following methods were developed or modified and adapted to the conditions of the park: determination of fire danger, prediction of fire danger, modeling of fire development, determination of the network of fire access roads, determination of water supply points, including water withdrawal points for helicopters, detection of fires, functioning of the alarm and communication system, firebreaks, places of concentration of forces and resources, equipment for fire fighting, and taking preventive measures. The developed principles of fire protection in the Biebrza National Park, based on open remote sensing data and the technology of GIS, will enable the creation and operation of a system that will reduce the probability of fires in the future.
{"title":"The use of remote sensing data sources and GIS in fire protection planning in biebrza national Park, with special attention to non-forest ecosystems","authors":"Damian Korzybski, Miłosz Mielcarek, R. Szczygieł, M. Kwiatkowski, Z. Piasecka, Kacper Guderski, Sylwia Kurpiewska, Hieronim Kuśnierz","doi":"10.2478/ffp-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the spring of 2020, a large-scale fire destroyed 5,526 hectares of wetlands in Biebrza National Park. It was decided to modernize the park’s fire protection system. It proved necessary to develop rules for fire protection in large natural areas where non-forest communities predominate. A team of experts from the Forest Research Institute, the Fire Department, and the Biebrza National Park developed methods for fire protection in the park based on open, publicly available remote sensing data sources. The following methods were developed or modified and adapted to the conditions of the park: determination of fire danger, prediction of fire danger, modeling of fire development, determination of the network of fire access roads, determination of water supply points, including water withdrawal points for helicopters, detection of fires, functioning of the alarm and communication system, firebreaks, places of concentration of forces and resources, equipment for fire fighting, and taking preventive measures. The developed principles of fire protection in the Biebrza National Park, based on open remote sensing data and the technology of GIS, will enable the creation and operation of a system that will reduce the probability of fires in the future.","PeriodicalId":35789,"journal":{"name":"Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86326764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Baranowska, Natalia Kartawik, Stefan Panka, J. Behnke-Borowczyk, Przemysław Grześkowiak
ABSTRACT The western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), an important forest-forming species in the Western part of the North American continent, is an alien species naturalised in Europe. It is popular and highly valued in horticulture. While considering the progressing climate change, it may also be a potential alternative to native species in European forests. The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar in forested areas of Europe has not been fully determined. Thus, this study is aimed to identify the community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar. The experimental plots are located in the Kościan Forest District (51°98’87″ N; 16°23’54″ E). All soil samples were taken from the topsoil layer at a depth of 25 cm with a trowel, three from the centre of natural regeneration (1G, 2G, 5G) and three from the centre stand under the canopy of old-growth western red cedar (3G, 4G, 6G). Fungi were identified directly from the soil based on the ITS1 rDNA region. The derived product was sequenced using Illumina’s sequencing by synthesis (SBS) technology. Sequences were referred to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database applying the BLAST algorithm. The fungal counts were defined based on the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) in the sample. The OTU number was 835 206, with fungal isolates accounting for 683 095 (81.79%). A total of 8 591 taxa belonging to the Kingdom Fungi were identified. The species with the greatest shares in the community included Mortierella spp. (10.5%), Russula spp. (5.6%), Hydnum spp. (3.44%), Solicoccozyma spp. (3.1%) and Penicillium spp. (2.2%). Results showed that saprotrophs and mycorrhizal fungi predominated in the community. The dominance of ectomycorrhizal fungi over arbuscular ones, quite impressive natural regeneration was shown in T. plicata stands in Kościan. Subsequent research should take into account tree stands in Poland in which natural regeneration does not occur or occurs sporadically.
摘要西部红杉(Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don)是北美大陆西部重要的造林树种，是欧洲归化的外来树种。它在园艺中很受欢迎，价值很高。同时考虑到不断发展的气候变化，它也可能是欧洲森林中本地物种的潜在替代品。欧洲森林地区与西部红杉有关的土壤真菌群落尚未完全确定。因此，本研究旨在确定与西部红杉相关的土壤真菌群落。试验田位于Kościan林区(51°98′87″N;16°23′54″E)。所有的土壤样本都是用泥铲在25 cm深度的表层土壤中采集的，其中3个来自自然再生中心(1G、2G、5G)， 3个来自西部老红杉树冠下的中心林分(3G、4G、6G)。根据ITS1 rDNA区直接从土壤中鉴定出真菌。衍生产物采用Illumina的合成测序(SBS)技术进行测序。应用BLAST算法将序列检索到国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)数据库。真菌计数是根据样品中操作分类单位(OTU)的数量来定义的。OTU数为835 206株，其中真菌分离株数为683 095株，占81.79%。共鉴定出真菌界分类群8 591个。群落中所占比例最大的种依次为Mortierella spp(10.5%)、Russula spp(5.6%)、Hydnum spp(3.44%)、Solicoccozyma spp(3.1%)和Penicillium spp(2.2%)。结果表明，腐生菌和菌根真菌在群落中占主导地位。外生菌根真菌的优势优于丛枝真菌，在Kościan的油松林中显示出相当令人印象深刻的自然再生。随后的研究应考虑到波兰没有发生自然再生或偶尔发生自然再生的树木。
{"title":"The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, 1824)","authors":"M. Baranowska, Natalia Kartawik, Stefan Panka, J. Behnke-Borowczyk, Przemysław Grześkowiak","doi":"10.2478/ffp-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), an important forest-forming species in the Western part of the North American continent, is an alien species naturalised in Europe. It is popular and highly valued in horticulture. While considering the progressing climate change, it may also be a potential alternative to native species in European forests. The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar in forested areas of Europe has not been fully determined. Thus, this study is aimed to identify the community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar. The experimental plots are located in the Kościan Forest District (51°98’87″ N; 16°23’54″ E). All soil samples were taken from the topsoil layer at a depth of 25 cm with a trowel, three from the centre of natural regeneration (1G, 2G, 5G) and three from the centre stand under the canopy of old-growth western red cedar (3G, 4G, 6G). Fungi were identified directly from the soil based on the ITS1 rDNA region. The derived product was sequenced using Illumina’s sequencing by synthesis (SBS) technology. Sequences were referred to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database applying the BLAST algorithm. The fungal counts were defined based on the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) in the sample. The OTU number was 835 206, with fungal isolates accounting for 683 095 (81.79%). A total of 8 591 taxa belonging to the Kingdom Fungi were identified. The species with the greatest shares in the community included Mortierella spp. (10.5%), Russula spp. (5.6%), Hydnum spp. (3.44%), Solicoccozyma spp. (3.1%) and Penicillium spp. (2.2%). Results showed that saprotrophs and mycorrhizal fungi predominated in the community. The dominance of ectomycorrhizal fungi over arbuscular ones, quite impressive natural regeneration was shown in T. plicata stands in Kościan. Subsequent research should take into account tree stands in Poland in which natural regeneration does not occur or occurs sporadically.","PeriodicalId":35789,"journal":{"name":"Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77577640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Lavrov, O. Blinkova, T. Grabovska, Zoriana Polishchuk
ABSTRACT The aim of our work was to establish the dependence of species composition, features of ecosystem distribution in the space and wood-destroying activity of xylotrophs on the functional type of forest, and the cause and degree of its violation. Changes in species composition, spatial distribution and wood-destroying activity of xylotrophic fungi, and disruption of “woody plant xylomycobiont”, “substrate category – xylomycobiont,” were revealed. Changes in xylotrophic diversity in stands were evaluated by diversity indices. Forest and taxonomic characteristics of stands, the reasons and the degree of degradation of forest ecosystems were taken into account. The ability of 37 species of xylotrophs to be indicators of deciduous and coniferous forests in green areas of cities due to recreation, construction and quarrying of granite has been substantiated. The principles of application of the mycoindicators system for improvement, a technique of estimation of character and degree of forest ecosystem anthropogenic transformation, are defined.
{"title":"Evaluation of forest ecosystems’ anthropogenic transformation by indicators of xylomycocomplex","authors":"V. Lavrov, O. Blinkova, T. Grabovska, Zoriana Polishchuk","doi":"10.2478/ffp-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of our work was to establish the dependence of species composition, features of ecosystem distribution in the space and wood-destroying activity of xylotrophs on the functional type of forest, and the cause and degree of its violation. Changes in species composition, spatial distribution and wood-destroying activity of xylotrophic fungi, and disruption of “woody plant xylomycobiont”, “substrate category – xylomycobiont,” were revealed. Changes in xylotrophic diversity in stands were evaluated by diversity indices. Forest and taxonomic characteristics of stands, the reasons and the degree of degradation of forest ecosystems were taken into account. The ability of 37 species of xylotrophs to be indicators of deciduous and coniferous forests in green areas of cities due to recreation, construction and quarrying of granite has been substantiated. The principles of application of the mycoindicators system for improvement, a technique of estimation of character and degree of forest ecosystem anthropogenic transformation, are defined.","PeriodicalId":35789,"journal":{"name":"Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82952195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Community forest management usually applies agroforestry patterns because it is felt that they will provide more social, economic and ecological benefits. Optimal yields will be obtained if the community forest is healthy. It becomes an effort to prevent forest destruction at a low level through forest health, thereby ensuring the functions and benefits of managed community forests. One indicator of forest health is the amount of tree damage that occurs and the condition of the crown. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the vitality condition of agroforestry-patterned community forests and to serve as a reference for future decisions about the maintenance and development of these forests. This study was conducted in a community forest owned by members of the combined forest farmer groups Satria Rimba, Way Khilau District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The method used is the Assessment of Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. The parameters of the vitality condition assessment consist of tree damage and crown condition. This study provides results that show there are 14 types of tree damage that attacked the trees that made up stands in community forests. The most common types of damage occurred based on the percentage of incidents, namely damaged leaves (25.29%), broken branches (24.41%) and open wounds (23.34%). assessment for damage to the tree based on the CLI value, namely in the high category (clusters 2, 3); moderate category (clusters 1, 5, 6); and low category (clusters 4, 7). Assessment of the crown condition based on the VCR value, namely in the categories of ‘high’ (clusters 4, 5, 6), ‘moderate’ (clusters 2, 7) and ‘low’ (clusters 1, 3).
{"title":"Assessment of tree vitality as an indicator of monitoring the health condition of community forest in agroforestry patterns","authors":"R. Safe'i, Eka Nala Puspita, Rudi Hilmanto","doi":"10.2478/ffp-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Community forest management usually applies agroforestry patterns because it is felt that they will provide more social, economic and ecological benefits. Optimal yields will be obtained if the community forest is healthy. It becomes an effort to prevent forest destruction at a low level through forest health, thereby ensuring the functions and benefits of managed community forests. One indicator of forest health is the amount of tree damage that occurs and the condition of the crown. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the vitality condition of agroforestry-patterned community forests and to serve as a reference for future decisions about the maintenance and development of these forests. This study was conducted in a community forest owned by members of the combined forest farmer groups Satria Rimba, Way Khilau District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The method used is the Assessment of Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. The parameters of the vitality condition assessment consist of tree damage and crown condition. This study provides results that show there are 14 types of tree damage that attacked the trees that made up stands in community forests. The most common types of damage occurred based on the percentage of incidents, namely damaged leaves (25.29%), broken branches (24.41%) and open wounds (23.34%). assessment for damage to the tree based on the CLI value, namely in the high category (clusters 2, 3); moderate category (clusters 1, 5, 6); and low category (clusters 4, 7). Assessment of the crown condition based on the VCR value, namely in the categories of ‘high’ (clusters 4, 5, 6), ‘moderate’ (clusters 2, 7) and ‘low’ (clusters 1, 3).","PeriodicalId":35789,"journal":{"name":"Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84038606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuriy Hayda, Vasyl Mohytych, D. Bidolakh, Vasyl Kuzovych, M. Sułkowska
Abstract The history and dynamics of the introduction of red oak into forest plantations in Ukraine are presented. The positive and negative consequences of this artificially introduced species are characterised. The anthropogenic factor of a broad representation of the species and the probability of low natural spread out outside the existing plantations are highlighted. The current data on the area of red oak plantations by administrative regions, forest categories, types of forest site conditions and age classes in Ukraine are indicated. The possibility of controlling and limiting the adverse invasive effects of red oak representation in forest stands is pointed out. It is recommended to conduct detailed and systematic interdisciplinary research on the degree of red oak invasiveness impact in Ukraine and effective forest care treatments for controlling its negative role.
{"title":"The introduction of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Ukrainian forests: advantages of productivity versus disadvantages of invasiveness","authors":"Yuriy Hayda, Vasyl Mohytych, D. Bidolakh, Vasyl Kuzovych, M. Sułkowska","doi":"10.2478/ffp-2022-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2022-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The history and dynamics of the introduction of red oak into forest plantations in Ukraine are presented. The positive and negative consequences of this artificially introduced species are characterised. The anthropogenic factor of a broad representation of the species and the probability of low natural spread out outside the existing plantations are highlighted. The current data on the area of red oak plantations by administrative regions, forest categories, types of forest site conditions and age classes in Ukraine are indicated. The possibility of controlling and limiting the adverse invasive effects of red oak representation in forest stands is pointed out. It is recommended to conduct detailed and systematic interdisciplinary research on the degree of red oak invasiveness impact in Ukraine and effective forest care treatments for controlling its negative role.","PeriodicalId":35789,"journal":{"name":"Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84264924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study was performed to determine the effects of the densification process and glue type in wood material on dowel tensile performance. For this purpose, 8 mm and 10 mm diameter dowels were obtained from black poplar (Populus nigra) and Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis L.), which were densified at 50% and 75% ratios. The dowels were bonded with PVAc and D-VTKA glue separately after drilling 18 mm deep holes in the edge of the melamine-coated particleboard. The tensile performance test was determined with the Universal test device according to TS 2475 and ASTM-D 1035 principles. As a result, Eastern spruce wood had the highest tensile performance (kg/cm2), and poplar wood had the lowest (173.66). For the dowel diameter parameter, the highest value (195.11) was found at 8 mm in diameter and the lowest value (161.05) was found at 10 mm in diameter. In terms of glue type, the highest value (185.92) was seen at PVAc while the lowest value (170.24) was seen at D-VTKA. And for the densification ratios, the highest value (191.4) was determined at 75%, while the lowest value was found in control samples at (167.4). According to the wood species, densification ratio, dowel diameter and glue type interaction, the highest value was determined at Es + d75% + 10mm + PVAc as (303.5) and the lowest value was found at P + d50% + 10mm + Dv as (110). As a result, where the dowel's high tensile performance is sought, using a 10 mm diameter dowel made from 75% densified spruce wood with PVAc glue may be advantageous.
{"title":"The effect of the densification process on dowel tensile performance with different types of glues","authors":"Ersin Ercan, K. Aydın, Cansu Özder, M. Atar","doi":"10.2478/ffp-2022-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2022-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was performed to determine the effects of the densification process and glue type in wood material on dowel tensile performance. For this purpose, 8 mm and 10 mm diameter dowels were obtained from black poplar (Populus nigra) and Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis L.), which were densified at 50% and 75% ratios. The dowels were bonded with PVAc and D-VTKA glue separately after drilling 18 mm deep holes in the edge of the melamine-coated particleboard. The tensile performance test was determined with the Universal test device according to TS 2475 and ASTM-D 1035 principles. As a result, Eastern spruce wood had the highest tensile performance (kg/cm2), and poplar wood had the lowest (173.66). For the dowel diameter parameter, the highest value (195.11) was found at 8 mm in diameter and the lowest value (161.05) was found at 10 mm in diameter. In terms of glue type, the highest value (185.92) was seen at PVAc while the lowest value (170.24) was seen at D-VTKA. And for the densification ratios, the highest value (191.4) was determined at 75%, while the lowest value was found in control samples at (167.4). According to the wood species, densification ratio, dowel diameter and glue type interaction, the highest value was determined at Es + d75% + 10mm + PVAc as (303.5) and the lowest value was found at P + d50% + 10mm + Dv as (110). As a result, where the dowel's high tensile performance is sought, using a 10 mm diameter dowel made from 75% densified spruce wood with PVAc glue may be advantageous.","PeriodicalId":35789,"journal":{"name":"Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81160337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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