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Accuracy of the evaluation of forest areas based on Landsat data using free software 利用免费软件基于Landsat数据评估森林面积的准确性
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0008
P. Zajac, E. Debinska, K. Maciuk
Abstract Ever-evolving technologies are enabling us to obtain information about the world around us ever more quickly and precisely. This state of affairs contributes to the growing need to store and analyse data. For today’s scientists, this is a challenge because it involves analyses on a global scale. This also applies to spatial data, vast amounts of which are made available online. The Google Earth Engine platform is such a place on the web. It is not just a catalogue for browsing, but above all an environment for programming useful applications. Among free software, it is difficult to find one that is not dependent on the parameters of the computer. In the case of Google Earth Engine, the processes programmed by the user are executed on powerful external servers, and the user only gets the finished result, which he can download to his computer and use in further work. The initial chapters introduce the basic concepts and characterise the specifics of working in this environment, taking into account the limitations of the platform. Then, the individual stages of the algorithm developed by the authors are described, trying to explain well the reasons for the use of particular methods and functions. In order to verify the correctness of the obtained results, existing databases on the subject and published research results of other authors were used.
不断发展的技术使我们能够更快、更准确地获取有关我们周围世界的信息。这种情况导致对存储和分析数据的需求日益增长。对于今天的科学家来说,这是一个挑战,因为它涉及到全球范围的分析。这也适用于空间数据,其中大量数据可以在网上获得。谷歌地球引擎平台就是这样一个网络平台。它不仅仅是一个浏览目录,更重要的是一个编写有用应用程序的环境。在自由软件中,很难找到一个不依赖于计算机参数的软件。在Google Earth Engine中,用户编写的进程在功能强大的外部服务器上执行,用户只获得完成的结果,他可以将其下载到自己的计算机中并在进一步的工作中使用。最初的章节介绍了基本概念,并描述了在此环境中工作的具体特征,同时考虑到平台的局限性。然后,描述了作者开发的算法的各个阶段,试图很好地解释使用特定方法和函数的原因。为了验证所得结果的正确性,我们使用了该主题的现有数据库和其他作者已发表的研究成果。
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引用次数: 1
Productivity and economic effectiveness of young black locust tree stands on afforested sulphur opencast mine sites 露天硫磺矿区绿化刺槐幼树的生产力和经济效益
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0009
J. Likus-Cieślik, Dawid Leńczuk, B. Woś, Adam Lubera, M. Pająk, M. Pietrzykowski
Abstract The correct selection of the species composition of afforestation in relation to the habitat conditions has a decisive impact on the effects of forest reclamation. In most of the reclaimed forestry areas in Poland, the stands enter the prelogging period, and it is possible to assess the first economic and production effects of reclamation. The assessment was made based on the analysis of the size of the harvested wood during the intermediate cutting on the heap of the former ‘Piaseczno’ opencast sulphur mine located in southern Poland and managed by the State Forests. At this stage of development, Robinia pseudoacacia played a large role in obtaining a good income from the sale of intermediate cutting wood and economic effects. The obtained results may be important in the context of indicating alternative directions for reclamation and afforestation of post-mining areas, e.g., for plantation purposes.
根据生境条件正确选择造林树种组成,对森林复垦效果有决定性影响。在波兰的大多数开垦林区,林分已进入预采伐期,因此可以评价开垦的初步经济和生产效果。评估是基于对位于波兰南部、由国家森林管理的前“Piaseczno”露天硫磺矿的堆中采伐期间采伐木材的大小进行的分析。在这一发展阶段,刺槐发挥了很大的作用,从销售中间采伐木材中获得了良好的收入和经济效益。所取得的结果在指出采矿后地区的复垦和造林的替代方向方面可能是重要的,例如用于种植目的。
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引用次数: 0
The first data on the biology of Ips stebbingi Strohmeyer, 1908 (coleoptera: curculionidae: Scolytinae), a pest of himalayan blue pine 1908年喜马拉雅青松害虫叶蝉(鞘翅目:弯蝇科:弯蝇科)的首次生物学资料
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0002
A. Buhroo, Abdul Lateef Khanday, R. Zubair, S. Rather
ABSTRACT This paper deals with the studies on the biology and development of the bark beetle Ips stebbingi Strohmeyer, 1908 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a pest of Himalayan blue pine Pinus wallichiana A.B.Jacks. in Kashmir Himalaya. This pest is an aggressive and notorious one, but little is known of its biology. This beetle pest overwinters in adult stage under the bark of host trees P. wallichiana. After emergence, the adults fly to suitable trees and undergo maturation feeding for 4–6 days. Reproduction is polygamous type; two to six females join a male in his nuptial chamber. After mating, each of the females makes one gallery with an average length of 10.76 (±3.30 standard deviation [SD]) cm. The female lays 23.16 (±7.03 SD) eggs on an average. The eggs hatch in 8–18 days. The larvae have five instars and complete their development in 30–45 days constructing larval galleries of 3.83 (±0.63 SD) cm in length. The larvae pupate for 18–28 days and finally the adults emerge to attack new suitable trees. The adults live for 45–70 days, and the total lifespan of this species ranges from 101 to 156 days. The seasonal distribution of various life stages and the number of generations were also recorded.
摘要本文对喜马拉雅青松(Pinus wallichiana A.B.Jacks)害虫树皮甲虫(Ips stebbingi Strohmeyer, 1908)的生物学和发育进行了研究。在克什米尔,喜马拉雅山。这种害虫是一种具有攻击性且臭名昭著的害虫,但对其生物学知之甚少。这种甲虫害虫在成虫期在寄主树P. wallichiana树皮下越冬。羽化后,成虫飞到适宜的树上,进行4-6天的成熟取食。生殖为一夫多妻型;两到六只雌蜣螂和一只雄蜣螂一起进入洞房。交配后,每只雌蜂形成一个平均长度为10.76(±3.30标准差[SD]) cm的长廊。雌虫平均产卵23.16枚(±7.03 SD)。卵在8-18天孵化。幼虫有5个龄期,30-45 d发育完成,幼虫洞长3.83(±0.63 SD) cm。幼虫化蛹18-28天,最后成虫出来攻击新的合适的树木。成虫的寿命为45-70天,总寿命为101 - 156天。还记录了各生命阶段的季节分布和世代数。
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引用次数: 0
Peculiarities of determining the morphogenesis of plants Corylus avellana L. and Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb in vitro culture 植物山茱萸(Corylus avellana L.)和桃李(Prunus dulcis .)形态发生测定的特点d.a.b webb体外培养
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0001
V. Matskevych, V. Yukhnovskyi, I. Kimeichuk, Oksana Matskevych, O. Shyta
ABSTRACT The purpose of the research was to identify the physiological–biochemical and anatomical–morphological peculiarities found during in vitro cultivation of Corylus avellana L. and Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb, which occur as a result of the action of trophic and phytohormonal determinants. The research was conducted on three hazelnut varieties (Trapezund, Jefferson, Tonda Gentile Romana) and four almond varieties (E5 Borozan, M41 Alex, Georgia, Louise). A theoretical and experimental rationale for their use in the microclonal propagation of these cultures has been developed. The effectiveness of the preparatory stage before introduction into aseptic conditions for growing mother plants in closed soil conditions with scattered artificial lighting and microbiological protection has been proven. This reduced self-intoxication by oxidation products with phenol-like substances and microflora contamination of primary explants. Among the nutrient media compared, the best was Nas and Read (NRM) for hazelnuts and Nas Almond Medium (NAM) for almonds. Passaging on the same media leads to a decrease in regeneration indicators. In regenerants of almonds, the rosette of the shoots was noted, and in hazelnuts, the death of apical buds was also found. To prevent this, alternating NRM and driver and kuniyuki walnut (DKW) media for hazelnuts and NAM and Quirin and Lepoivre (QL) for almonds was effective. Long-term cultivation on media with a high content of synthetic analogues of phytohormones leads to the accumulation of phytotoxic effects with each subsequent passage. The phytotoxic effect of cytokinins was manifested in hyperhydration of shoots and of auxins in callus fertilisation. On comparing the ontogenesis of regenerants from explants isolated from mother plants aged 30–180 days, it was found that the optimal age for hazelnut and almond was 90 days. To reset the trophic and hormonal determinants, the introduction of explant donors into a state of dormancy has been successfully used. At the final fourth stage of microclonal propagation, in order to adapt plants simultaneously with an increase in the number of regenerants, it is effective to use the photoautotrophic method of microclonal propagation with intensive lighting and air enriched with carbon dioxide. For the transition of plants from conventional heterotrophic propagation to autotrophic cultivation, an intermediate stage of pre-adaptation of regenerants in wet chamber conditions is effective.
摘要/ ABSTRACT摘要:本研究旨在鉴定榛树(Corylus avellana L.)和桃李(Prunus dulcis (Mill.))在离体培养过程中发现的生理生化和解剖形态学特征。这是营养和植物激素决定因素作用的结果。以3个榛子品种(Trapezund、Jefferson、Tonda Gentile Romana)和4个杏仁品种(E5 Borozan、M41 Alex、Georgia、Louise)为研究对象。他们在这些培养物的微克隆繁殖中使用的理论和实验原理已经开发出来。在封闭土壤条件下,在分散人工照明和微生物保护下,引入无菌条件前的准备阶段对母本生长的有效性已经得到证实。这减少了酚类物质氧化产物的自中毒和原生外植体的微生物污染。在比较的营养培养基中,榛子以Nas + Read (NRM)和杏仁以Nas杏仁培养基(NAM)效果最好。在相同介质上传代导致再生指标下降。在杏仁的再生体中,发现了枝条的莲座,在榛子中,也发现了顶芽的死亡。榛子用NRM + driver + kuniyuki walnut (DKW)交替处理,杏仁用NAM + Quirin and Lepoivre (QL)交替处理效果较好。在植物激素合成类似物含量高的培养基上长期培养会导致植物毒性效应在随后的每代中积累。细胞分裂素的植物毒性作用主要表现在芽部的过度水化和愈伤组织受精中的生长素。对30 ~ 180 d母株外植体再生体的个体发育进行比较,发现榛子和杏仁的最佳年龄为90 d。为了重置营养和激素的决定因素,引入外植体供体进入休眠状态已被成功使用。在微克隆繁殖的最后第四阶段,为了在增加再生体数量的同时适应植株,采用强光照和富二氧化碳空气的光自养微克隆繁殖方法是有效的。对于植物从传统的异养繁殖过渡到自养栽培,在湿室条件下进行再生剂预适应的中间阶段是有效的。
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引用次数: 2
The use of remote sensing data sources and GIS in fire protection planning in biebrza national Park, with special attention to non-forest ecosystems 遥感数据源和地理信息系统在别布尔扎国家公园防火规划中的应用,特别注意非森林生态系统
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0005
Damian Korzybski, Miłosz Mielcarek, R. Szczygieł, M. Kwiatkowski, Z. Piasecka, Kacper Guderski, Sylwia Kurpiewska, Hieronim Kuśnierz
ABSTRACT In the spring of 2020, a large-scale fire destroyed 5,526 hectares of wetlands in Biebrza National Park. It was decided to modernize the park’s fire protection system. It proved necessary to develop rules for fire protection in large natural areas where non-forest communities predominate. A team of experts from the Forest Research Institute, the Fire Department, and the Biebrza National Park developed methods for fire protection in the park based on open, publicly available remote sensing data sources. The following methods were developed or modified and adapted to the conditions of the park: determination of fire danger, prediction of fire danger, modeling of fire development, determination of the network of fire access roads, determination of water supply points, including water withdrawal points for helicopters, detection of fires, functioning of the alarm and communication system, firebreaks, places of concentration of forces and resources, equipment for fire fighting, and taking preventive measures. The developed principles of fire protection in the Biebrza National Park, based on open remote sensing data and the technology of GIS, will enable the creation and operation of a system that will reduce the probability of fires in the future.
2020年春天,一场大火烧毁了比布尔扎国家公园5526公顷的湿地。决定对公园的消防系统进行现代化改造。事实证明,有必要在非森林群落占主导地位的大片自然地区制定防火规则。一个由森林研究所、消防部门和Biebrza国家公园组成的专家小组根据公开的遥感数据源开发了公园的消防方法。根据公园的情况,发展或修改了以下方法:火灾危险的确定、火灾危险的预测、火灾发展的建模、确定消防通道网络、确定供水点(包括直升机取水点)、火灾的探测、报警和通信系统的功能、防火线、力量和资源集中的场所、消防设备以及采取预防措施。根据公开遥感数据和地理信息系统技术,在Biebrza国家公园制定的防火原则将能够建立和操作一个系统,减少未来发生火灾的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, 1824) 西部红杉土壤真菌群落研究(Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, 1824)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0003
M. Baranowska, Natalia Kartawik, Stefan Panka, J. Behnke-Borowczyk, Przemysław Grześkowiak
ABSTRACT The western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), an important forest-forming species in the Western part of the North American continent, is an alien species naturalised in Europe. It is popular and highly valued in horticulture. While considering the progressing climate change, it may also be a potential alternative to native species in European forests. The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar in forested areas of Europe has not been fully determined. Thus, this study is aimed to identify the community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar. The experimental plots are located in the Kościan Forest District (51°98’87″ N; 16°23’54″ E). All soil samples were taken from the topsoil layer at a depth of 25 cm with a trowel, three from the centre of natural regeneration (1G, 2G, 5G) and three from the centre stand under the canopy of old-growth western red cedar (3G, 4G, 6G). Fungi were identified directly from the soil based on the ITS1 rDNA region. The derived product was sequenced using Illumina’s sequencing by synthesis (SBS) technology. Sequences were referred to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database applying the BLAST algorithm. The fungal counts were defined based on the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) in the sample. The OTU number was 835 206, with fungal isolates accounting for 683 095 (81.79%). A total of 8 591 taxa belonging to the Kingdom Fungi were identified. The species with the greatest shares in the community included Mortierella spp. (10.5%), Russula spp. (5.6%), Hydnum spp. (3.44%), Solicoccozyma spp. (3.1%) and Penicillium spp. (2.2%). Results showed that saprotrophs and mycorrhizal fungi predominated in the community. The dominance of ectomycorrhizal fungi over arbuscular ones, quite impressive natural regeneration was shown in T. plicata stands in Kościan. Subsequent research should take into account tree stands in Poland in which natural regeneration does not occur or occurs sporadically.
摘要西部红杉(Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don)是北美大陆西部重要的造林树种,是欧洲归化的外来树种。它在园艺中很受欢迎,价值很高。同时考虑到不断发展的气候变化,它也可能是欧洲森林中本地物种的潜在替代品。欧洲森林地区与西部红杉有关的土壤真菌群落尚未完全确定。因此,本研究旨在确定与西部红杉相关的土壤真菌群落。试验田位于Kościan林区(51°98′87″N;16°23′54″E)。所有的土壤样本都是用泥铲在25 cm深度的表层土壤中采集的,其中3个来自自然再生中心(1G、2G、5G), 3个来自西部老红杉树冠下的中心林分(3G、4G、6G)。根据ITS1 rDNA区直接从土壤中鉴定出真菌。衍生产物采用Illumina的合成测序(SBS)技术进行测序。应用BLAST算法将序列检索到国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)数据库。真菌计数是根据样品中操作分类单位(OTU)的数量来定义的。OTU数为835 206株,其中真菌分离株数为683 095株,占81.79%。共鉴定出真菌界分类群8 591个。群落中所占比例最大的种依次为Mortierella spp(10.5%)、Russula spp(5.6%)、Hydnum spp(3.44%)、Solicoccozyma spp(3.1%)和Penicillium spp(2.2%)。结果表明,腐生菌和菌根真菌在群落中占主导地位。外生菌根真菌的优势优于丛枝真菌,在Kościan的油松林中显示出相当令人印象深刻的自然再生。随后的研究应考虑到波兰没有发生自然再生或偶尔发生自然再生的树木。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of forest ecosystems’ anthropogenic transformation by indicators of xylomycocomplex 用木菌复合体指标评价森林生态系统的人为转化
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0004
V. Lavrov, O. Blinkova, T. Grabovska, Zoriana Polishchuk
ABSTRACT The aim of our work was to establish the dependence of species composition, features of ecosystem distribution in the space and wood-destroying activity of xylotrophs on the functional type of forest, and the cause and degree of its violation. Changes in species composition, spatial distribution and wood-destroying activity of xylotrophic fungi, and disruption of “woody plant xylomycobiont”, “substrate category – xylomycobiont,” were revealed. Changes in xylotrophic diversity in stands were evaluated by diversity indices. Forest and taxonomic characteristics of stands, the reasons and the degree of degradation of forest ecosystems were taken into account. The ability of 37 species of xylotrophs to be indicators of deciduous and coniferous forests in green areas of cities due to recreation, construction and quarrying of granite has been substantiated. The principles of application of the mycoindicators system for improvement, a technique of estimation of character and degree of forest ecosystem anthropogenic transformation, are defined.
摘要:本文旨在研究森林功能类型对木营养菌物种组成、生态系统空间分布特征和破坏木材活动的依赖关系,以及木营养菌破坏森林功能类型的原因和程度。揭示了木营养真菌的种类组成、空间分布和木材破坏活性的变化,以及“木本植物木本菌群”、“底物类别-木本菌群”的破坏。利用多样性指数评价林分木营养多样性的变化。考虑了森林和林分特征、森林生态系统退化的原因和程度。37种木养生物作为城市绿化区落叶针叶林指标的能力已得到证实,这些绿化区是由于游憩、建筑和采石花岗岩造成的。明确了真菌指标改进体系的应用原则,这是一种评价森林生态系统人为转化特征和程度的技术。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of tree vitality as an indicator of monitoring the health condition of community forest in agroforestry patterns 以树木活力评价作为监测农林业模式下群落森林健康状况的指标
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2022-0020
R. Safe'i, Eka Nala Puspita, Rudi Hilmanto
Abstract Community forest management usually applies agroforestry patterns because it is felt that they will provide more social, economic and ecological benefits. Optimal yields will be obtained if the community forest is healthy. It becomes an effort to prevent forest destruction at a low level through forest health, thereby ensuring the functions and benefits of managed community forests. One indicator of forest health is the amount of tree damage that occurs and the condition of the crown. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the vitality condition of agroforestry-patterned community forests and to serve as a reference for future decisions about the maintenance and development of these forests. This study was conducted in a community forest owned by members of the combined forest farmer groups Satria Rimba, Way Khilau District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The method used is the Assessment of Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method. The parameters of the vitality condition assessment consist of tree damage and crown condition. This study provides results that show there are 14 types of tree damage that attacked the trees that made up stands in community forests. The most common types of damage occurred based on the percentage of incidents, namely damaged leaves (25.29%), broken branches (24.41%) and open wounds (23.34%). assessment for damage to the tree based on the CLI value, namely in the high category (clusters 2, 3); moderate category (clusters 1, 5, 6); and low category (clusters 4, 7). Assessment of the crown condition based on the VCR value, namely in the categories of ‘high’ (clusters 4, 5, 6), ‘moderate’ (clusters 2, 7) and ‘low’ (clusters 1, 3).
社区森林经营通常采用农林业模式,因为人们认为这种模式能提供更多的社会、经济和生态效益。如果群落森林是健康的,将获得最佳产量。它成为通过森林健康在低水平上防止森林破坏的一种努力,从而确保管理的社区森林的功能和利益。森林健康的一个指标是树木受损的数量和树冠的状况。本报告的目的是概述农林业模式的社区森林的活力状况,并为今后关于维持和发展这些森林的决定提供参考。本研究是在印度尼西亚南榜省白沙瓦兰县Way Khilau区森林农民联合组织Satria Rimba成员拥有的社区森林中进行的。所使用的方法是森林健康监测评估(FHM)方法。活力状态评价的参数包括树木损伤和树冠状态。这项研究提供的结果表明,在社区森林中,有14种类型的树木受到损害。从事故发生的百分比来看,最常见的伤害类型是叶片受损(25.29%)、树枝断裂(24.41%)和伤口开放(23.34%)。基于CLI值对树木的损害进行评估,即高类别(聚类2、3);中等类别(集群1、5、6);根据VCR值,即“高”(集群4,5,6)、“中等”(集群2,7)和“低”(集群1,3)的类别,对树冠状况进行评估。
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引用次数: 0
The introduction of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Ukrainian forests: advantages of productivity versus disadvantages of invasiveness 乌克兰森林引进红橡树(Quercus rubra L.):生产力优势与入侵劣势
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2022-0023
Yuriy Hayda, Vasyl Mohytych, D. Bidolakh, Vasyl Kuzovych, M. Sułkowska
Abstract The history and dynamics of the introduction of red oak into forest plantations in Ukraine are presented. The positive and negative consequences of this artificially introduced species are characterised. The anthropogenic factor of a broad representation of the species and the probability of low natural spread out outside the existing plantations are highlighted. The current data on the area of red oak plantations by administrative regions, forest categories, types of forest site conditions and age classes in Ukraine are indicated. The possibility of controlling and limiting the adverse invasive effects of red oak representation in forest stands is pointed out. It is recommended to conduct detailed and systematic interdisciplinary research on the degree of red oak invasiveness impact in Ukraine and effective forest care treatments for controlling its negative role.
摘要介绍了乌克兰森林种植园引进红橡树的历史和动态。这一人工引进物种的积极和消极后果的特点。强调了物种广泛代表性的人为因素和现有人工林外低自然扩散的可能性。列出了乌克兰按行政区域、森林类别、森林场址条件类型和年龄类别分列的红橡树种植园面积的当前数据。指出了控制和限制红橡树在林分中表现的不利入侵效应的可能性。建议对乌克兰红橡树入侵的影响程度和有效的森林护理措施进行详细、系统的跨学科研究,以控制其负面作用。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of the densification process on dowel tensile performance with different types of glues 用不同类型的胶水致密化工艺对销钉拉伸性能的影响
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2022-0021
Ersin Ercan, K. Aydın, Cansu Özder, M. Atar
Abstract This study was performed to determine the effects of the densification process and glue type in wood material on dowel tensile performance. For this purpose, 8 mm and 10 mm diameter dowels were obtained from black poplar (Populus nigra) and Eastern spruce (Picea orientalis L.), which were densified at 50% and 75% ratios. The dowels were bonded with PVAc and D-VTKA glue separately after drilling 18 mm deep holes in the edge of the melamine-coated particleboard. The tensile performance test was determined with the Universal test device according to TS 2475 and ASTM-D 1035 principles. As a result, Eastern spruce wood had the highest tensile performance (kg/cm2), and poplar wood had the lowest (173.66). For the dowel diameter parameter, the highest value (195.11) was found at 8 mm in diameter and the lowest value (161.05) was found at 10 mm in diameter. In terms of glue type, the highest value (185.92) was seen at PVAc while the lowest value (170.24) was seen at D-VTKA. And for the densification ratios, the highest value (191.4) was determined at 75%, while the lowest value was found in control samples at (167.4). According to the wood species, densification ratio, dowel diameter and glue type interaction, the highest value was determined at Es + d75% + 10mm + PVAc as (303.5) and the lowest value was found at P + d50% + 10mm + Dv as (110). As a result, where the dowel's high tensile performance is sought, using a 10 mm diameter dowel made from 75% densified spruce wood with PVAc glue may be advantageous.
摘要:本研究旨在研究木材致密化工艺和胶水类型对销钉拉伸性能的影响。选用直径为8 mm和10 mm的针孔,密度分别为50%和75%的黑杨和东方云杉。在涂有三聚氰胺的刨花板边缘钻孔18mm深后,分别用PVAc和D-VTKA胶粘接销子。根据TS 2475和ASTM-D 1035的原理,用通用试验装置进行拉伸性能试验。结果表明,东云杉材的拉伸性能最高(kg/cm2),杨木最低(173.66 kg/cm2)。销钉直径参数在直径为8 mm时最大值为195.11,在直径为10 mm时最小值为161.05。在胶型方面,PVAc最高,为185.92,D-VTKA最低,为170.24。密度比在75%时达到最高值(191.4),在对照样品中达到最低值(167.4)。根据木材种类、密度比、钉径和胶型相互作用的不同,Es + d75% + 10mm + PVAc as值最高(303.5),P + d50% + 10mm + Dv as值最低(110)。因此,在寻求销钉的高抗拉性能的地方,使用直径为10mm的由75%致密云杉木材和pvc胶制成的销钉可能是有利的。
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引用次数: 0
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Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A
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