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What affects the choice of forestry profession by Ukrainian students? 影响乌克兰学生选择林业专业的因素是什么?
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0016
O. Zibtseva
Abstract Currently, Ukraine is outlining a problem with the recruitment of students to the Faculty of Forestry. The solution to this problem is possible only if the necessity of transformation of the forestry industry and the corresponding transformation of the forestry education system are realised. Based on the study of scientific literature, the main motivating factors, according to which future students decide to become foresters, were identified. These factors were included in a questionnaire offered to first-year forestry students. The results of the questionnaire were compared with the data from the scientific articles. As a result, some aspects to pay attention to in order to increase the attractiveness of forestry as a field of study were identified. It was found that the predominant motivating factors for choosing a forestry profession are enjoyment of nature, recreation in nature, spending time in the fresh air, concern for the environment and interest in forests. Salary of forestry specialists proved to be the strongest factor for hesitation in choosing the profession. The next step of our research will probably be to investigate the opinion of Ukrainian students about the quality of educational programmes.
目前,乌克兰正在概述一个问题,招收学生到林业学院。只有认识到林业产业转型的必要性和相应的林业教育体制转型,才能解决这一问题。在科学文献研究的基础上,确定了未来学生决定成为林农的主要激励因素。这些因素包括在一份提供给一年级林业学生的问卷中。问卷调查的结果与科学论文的数据进行了比较。结果,确定了一些需要注意的方面,以便增加林业作为一个研究领域的吸引力。研究发现,选择林业专业的主要激励因素是享受大自然、在大自然中休闲、花时间呼吸新鲜空气、关心环境和对森林的兴趣。事实证明,林业专家的薪酬是导致他们在选择该职业时犹豫不决的最大因素。我们研究的下一步可能是调查乌克兰学生对教育项目质量的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal variation in nutrient composition in the leaves of two Bauhinia species 两种紫荆花叶片营养成分的季节变化
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0017
Neeraj Yadav, Bhupendra Singh, V. P. Khanduri
Abstract Trees happen to be a prominent source of nutritive fodders and provide sufficient nutrients to the cattle throughout the year. The leaves of two Bauhinia species, that is, Bauhinia retusa and Bauhinia variegata, were collected in different seasons from their natural growing habitats. The collected leaves were air-dried to make a fine powder, and the nutrient concentrations were estimated as per the standard processes. Significant variations were recorded in the nutritive values of both species in different seasons. The leaves of B. retusa revealed highest dry matter and total carbohydrate in the summer season, while the rainy season exhibited the highest value of ash per cent and crude protein.The ether extract and nitrogen-free extract per cent were higher in the winter season, and the maximum crude fibre and organic matter per cent were prominent in the spring season. In case of B. variegata leaves, the dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, ash and ether extract per cent were higher in the winter season. The highest crude fibre percent and total carbohydrate were found to be the maximum in the rainy season, and crude protein was higher in summer season. The results of the present study revealed that the both Bauhinia species are good sources of green fodder for cattle, especially in the rainy season in case of B. retusa and in the summer season for B. variegata, to correct the deficiency of protein in animals in the hill state of Uttarakhand, India.
摘要树木是牛的重要营养饲料来源,一年四季为牛提供充足的营养。采用紫荆花(Bauhinia retusa)和紫荆花(bahinia variegata)两种紫荆花在不同季节的自然生长环境中采集叶片。将收集的叶子风干制成细粉,并按标准工艺估计营养浓度。两种植物的营养价值在不同季节有显著差异。干物质和总碳水化合物含量在夏季最高,灰分和粗蛋白质含量在雨季最高。粗纤维率和有机质率在春季最高,粗纤维率和无氮率在冬季最高。在白杨叶片中,干物质、无氮提取物、灰分和乙醚提取物的比例在冬季较高。粗纤维和总碳水化合物含量在雨季最高,粗蛋白质含量在夏季最高。本研究结果表明,这两种紫荆花都是牛的良好绿色饲料来源,特别是在雨季,对于B. retusa和B. variegata,在夏季,可以纠正印度北阿坎德邦山区动物的蛋白质缺乏。
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引用次数: 0
Scots pine stands in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine 苏格兰松矗立在乌克兰的左岸森林草原上
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0015
Anna V. Garmash, Alyona Yu. Gordiyshenko, Oleksandr I. Borysenko, T. Pyvovar
Abstract The article presents the results of the research on the features of Pinus sylvestris L. condition and productivity in forest stands of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (in Kharkiv and Sumy regions) for 2006–2021. The study was carried out using the ‘Forests of Ukraine’ Database as of 01.01.2017, and the results of field research at 30 temporary sample plots (TSP), 3 permanent sample plots (PSP) (in 2006–2018), and 13 monitoring plots (2009–2021). Generally accepted methods and new standards were used. The dynamics of forestry and evaluation indicators of Scots pine stands at sample plots were analyzed and compared with high-productive Scots pine stands. The characteristics of natural regeneration are given. It was revealed that the age structure of pine stands is not optimal: there is an excess of middle-aged stand areas. Changes in the structure and development of managed Scots pine stands with respect to changing environmental conditions were observed for 2009–2021. Studied forest stands showed a tendency for negative changes in stand structural characteristics related to regeneration and growth. Drought mainly in combination with even medium anthropogenic impact can further worsen the health status of Scots pine stands in lowland areas of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Thus, the formulation of forest management measures to mitigate the impact of these stress factors is needed.
摘要/ Abstract摘要:本文介绍了2006-2021年乌克兰左岸森林草原(哈尔科夫和苏梅地区)林分条件和生产力特征的研究结果。该研究使用截至2017年1月1日的“乌克兰森林”数据库,以及30个临时样地(TSP)、3个永久样地(PSP)(2006-2018年)和13个监测样地(2009-2021年)的实地研究结果。采用普遍接受的方法和新的标准。分析样地林分林业动态及评价指标,并与高产林分进行比较。给出了自然再生的特点。结果表明,松林年龄结构不理想,中年林分面积过多。2009-2021年,观察到环境条件的变化,管理的苏格兰松林的结构和发展发生了变化。研究林分的林分结构特征在更新和生长方面呈负向变化趋势。干旱主要与中度人为影响相结合,可进一步恶化乌克兰左岸森林草原低地地区的苏格兰松林的健康状况。因此,需要制订森林管理措施以减轻这些压力因素的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Approaches to research and classification of forest fuel 森林燃料的研究与分类方法
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0013
R. Hurzhii, Serhii H. Sydorenko, Yuri I. Andrusyak
Abstract Forests of Ukraine and the whole world in recent decades are regularly exposed to uncontrolled large wildfires. In Ukraine, huge forest areas were burnt in 2009, 2014 and 2015. In 2018, even the northern Scandinavian countries suffered from forest fires. Global climate change (increasing average temperature and aridity) is expected to contribute to the increasing number and area of fires in the future. The occurrence of fire is impossible without the presence of a source of fire, oxygen and fuel (so-called triangle of fire), but only forest fuel (FF) can be controlled by forestry treatment or by prescribed fire. Effective fire management is impossible without the knowledge of the distribution and qualitative characteristics of FFs. This article provides brief information on the history of research studies on FF in Ukraine and in the countries of the former Soviet Union and the factors that influence the formation of reserves and structure of FF. According to those research articles, the most important factors were soil and climatic conditions and characteristics of plantations. Information about the trends in accumulation of FFs in the Ukrainian pine forests is given. After the evaluation of the research works about FF, it was concluded that the study of fuel in Ukraine is fragmentary, and such studies should be continued, but necessarily after the unification of the methods of sampling and recording data about FF. In the future, this work allows the mapping of FF at the national level. The need to continue collecting field data from forest ecosystems is indicated by the use of new world-class methods for the development of fuel models, taking into account the local conditions.
近几十年来,乌克兰和全世界的森林经常受到不受控制的大型野火的影响。在乌克兰,大片森林在2009年、2014年和2015年被烧毁。2018年,即使是斯堪的纳维亚北部国家也遭受了森林火灾。全球气候变化(平均气温上升和干旱)预计将导致未来火灾的数量和面积增加。如果没有火源、氧气和燃料(所谓的“火三角”)的存在,火灾是不可能发生的,但只有森林燃料(FF)可以通过林业处理或规定的火来控制。如果不了解ff的分布和质量特征,就不可能进行有效的火灾管理。本文简要介绍了乌克兰和前苏联国家对FF的研究历史,以及影响FF储备形成和结构的因素。根据这些研究文章,最重要的因素是土壤和气候条件以及人工林的特征。文中给出了乌克兰松林FFs积累趋势的资料。通过对FF研究工作的评价,得出结论认为乌克兰燃料的研究是不完整的,应该继续进行研究,但必须在FF采样和记录数据的方法统一之后。在未来,这项工作允许在国家层面上绘制FF。在考虑到当地条件的情况下,使用世界一流的新方法来发展燃料模型,表明有必要继续从森林生态系统收集实地数据。
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引用次数: 0
GIS analyses of land consolidation in case of the highly fragmentated of parcels 高度碎片化地块土地整理的GIS分析
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0014
Patrycja Kontek, I. Basista, K. Maciuk
Abstract Spatial planning and arrangement work of rural areas is constantly being renovated to improve the living conditions, land distribution and to facilitate work in this area by reducing the costs of transport. The most effective solution is consolidation and exchange of land, which is a difficult and time-consuming process. However, it significantly facilitates everyday functioning of the inhabitants of the village. It assumes reduction of plots of land belonging to the farm by increasing the area of other plots, regulating the shape, ensuring access to the public road and shortening the distances of individual farmland to their habitats (built on site). The purpose of this work was the analysis of land consolidation and exchange process for the village of Lukowa with the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) tools. Primary aim set at the beginning of the project is to compare the state before the land consolidation and the design of the parcel posting after consolidation. QGIS free software has been used to solve this problem. Two basic activities were carried out to compare the distance between built-up land and the remaining farmland. For this purpose, two analyses were performed: network analyses assuming the calculation of distance along the shape of roads and linear analyses determining the shortest distances between plots on a straight line. The work considers the real land distribution, the calculation of which is a time-consuming task. Many factors must be considered to accurately determine the correct distances. It is shown what difficulties and problems occur during the collection of data for analysis, with the correct indication of habitats and indicating the road network or aggregation of adjacent plots of one owner.
农村地区的空间规划和布置工作不断更新,通过降低交通成本来改善该地区的居住条件和土地分布,并为该地区的工作提供便利。最有效的解决办法是土地整理和交换,这是一个困难和耗时的过程。然而,它极大地促进了村庄居民的日常运作。它通过增加其他地块的面积、调节形状、确保通往公共道路和缩短单个农田到栖息地(在现场建造)的距离来减少属于农场的地块。这项工作的目的是利用地理信息系统(GIS)工具分析Lukowa村的土地整理和交换过程。在项目开始时设定的主要目标是比较土地整理前的状态和整理后的包裹邮寄设计。利用QGIS免费软件解决了这一问题。进行了两项基本活动来比较建设用地与剩余耕地之间的距离。为此,进行了两种分析:假设沿道路形状计算距离的网络分析和确定直线上地块之间最短距离的线性分析。本文考虑了实际的土地分布情况,其计算是一项耗时的工作。为了准确地确定正确的距离,必须考虑许多因素。它显示了在收集用于分析的数据过程中出现的困难和问题,正确指示了栖息地,并指示了道路网络或同一所有者的相邻地块的聚集。
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引用次数: 0
The use of attractants in reducing the occurrence of the Prunus serotina (Ehrh.) 引诱剂在减少服务型李蝇发生中的应用
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0010
M. Baranowska, O. Szczepaniak, Bartłomiej Meres, R. Korzeniewicz
Abstract Black cherry, which occurs in European forests, contributes to their distortion or degradation of native ecosystems. Therefore, measures are taken to reduce its occurrence. One of them is the biological method involving grazing animals. The aim of this research was to develop and identify an attractant that would increase the attractiveness of black cherry as a feeding base for deer, which would limit its occurrence. This research was carried out in Zielonka (17.10941 E 52.553975 N). In the experiment, 3-year-olds were used: Tilia cordata, Acer pseudoplatanus, A. platanoides, Fagus sylvatica and Prunus serotina. Before planting the seedlings, their height was measured. The control (K, 10 trees) consisted of trees of each species that were not sprayed with attractants. Another set of 10 trees were treated over the entire surface of the shoots with a bait mixture (MW), and the next 10 trees were sprayed with a 10% aqueous solution of NaCl. The attractant spraying was repeated six times. All damage observed was recorded. The inventoried tree damage was divided into four categories: 0%, no damage; I, 1–20% damaged trees; II, 21–50% damaged trees and III, more than 50% damaged trees. The results of the Mann–Whitney U test (p = 0.0109), at the assumed level of significance (α = 0.05), showed that slightly higher seedlings were browsed. These studies indicate the potential of using attractants as preparations influencing the palatability of the black cherry for deer. All recorded bites were classified as degree I damage. The trees were gnawed by fallow deer, 35.33% of trees were not damaged by game at all, and 64.66% of trees were damaged in degree I. In the case of sycamore maple, Norway maple and linden, the bait mixture did not increase the number of nibbled buds and leaves, while NaCl increased the attractiveness of beech and black cherry as a feeding base. Conducting further research studies on the improvement of preparations may give a chance to reduce the use of chemicals in forest protection and give the possibility of using attractants where it is impossible to use herbicides.
黑樱桃生长在欧洲的森林中,导致森林生态系统的扭曲或退化。因此,采取措施减少其发生。其中之一是涉及放牧动物的生物学方法。本研究的目的是开发和鉴定一种引诱剂,以增加黑樱桃作为鹿饲料基地的吸引力,从而限制其发生。本研究在柴龙卡(17.10941 E 52.553975 N)进行,试验材料为3岁生木:桔梗木、假桔梗木、桔梗木、山毛榉和桃李。在种植幼苗之前,测量幼苗的高度。对照(K, 10棵)为每个树种未喷洒引诱剂的树木。另一组10棵树在枝条的整个表面施用诱饵混合物(MW),其余10棵树喷洒10%的NaCl水溶液。引诱剂连续喷洒6次。所有观察到的损坏都被记录。树木的伤害分为四类:0%,无伤害;1-20%受损树木;II,树木受损21-50%,III,树木受损50%以上。在假设显著性水平(α = 0.05)下,Mann-Whitney U检验结果(p = 0.0109)表明,幼苗的浏览量略高。这些研究表明,使用引诱剂作为制剂可能会影响黑樱桃对鹿的适口性。所有记录的咬伤均为I级伤害。饵料混合物对梧桐枫、挪威枫和椴树的咬芽和咬叶数量没有增加作用,而NaCl对山毛榉和黑樱桃作为取食基地的吸引力增加。对制剂的改进进行进一步的研究,可能有机会在森林保护中减少化学品的使用,并在无法使用除草剂的地方提供使用引诱剂的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of changing some climatic conditions on the phenological phases of the development of native bush of Forest-Steppe zone plants 气候条件变化对森林-草原带原生灌木物候期发育的影响
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0007
S. Adamenko, V. Shlapak, V. Zayachuk, I. Kozachenko, V. Mamchur
Abstract It was studied that the dynamics of phenophases, the dates of the beginning and duration of phenological cycles in plants are under the constant influence of seasonal changes in climatic conditions (regular alternation of seasons with different durations of day and night, warm or cold and rainy or dry seasons). Together with the study of the shoot growth duration, it is worth conducting a study of the dynamics of their growth. This is also important for determining the tolerance for winter conditions, since it is known, that not only those shoots that finish growing early but also those that grow for a long time, but rather slowly, can be winter resistant. The intensive growth of shoots of all studied species occurs in May to mid-June. Almost all of them have two peaks of shoot growth: June and mid-July. The growth of shoots has a certain dependence on air temperature. The conducted long-term phenological observations made it possible to establish the periods of phenophases in five species of shrubs and show that in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, all of them manage to complete their vegetation in time, before the beginning of frost. Among the studied species, Lonicera tatarica L. and Viburnum lantana L. were the first to start their shoot growth in the first decade of May. Then, in the third decade of May, shoots of E. europaeus began to grow. P. spinosa and R. canina were the last to start their shoot growth. The conducted research has a certain significance for forest reclamation work as these types of shrubs are used to create protective plantings. Establishing a certain dependence on air temperature will allow to adjust the species composition and their number when creating this type of plantation.
摘要:研究了植物物候期的动态、物候周期的开始日期和持续时间受到气候条件(昼夜长短、冷暖季节、旱雨季节的规律交替)的不断影响。结合芽期的研究,对其生长动态进行研究是有价值的。这对于确定对冬季条件的耐受性也很重要,因为众所周知,不仅是那些早早结束生长的芽,而且那些长时间生长但相当缓慢的芽也可以抗冬。5月至6月中旬,所有被研究树种的芽都密集生长。它们几乎都有两个生长高峰:6月和7月中旬。嫩枝的生长对气温有一定的依赖性。通过长期的物候观测,确定了5种灌木的物候期,并表明在右岸森林草原的条件下,所有灌木都能在霜冻开始前及时完成其植被。在研究的树种中,金银花(Lonicera tartarica L.)和紫荚菊(Viburnum lantana L.)在5月的前10年率先开始新梢生长。然后,在5月的第三个十年里,欧叶青的芽开始生长。棘棘草和犬棘草是最晚开始新梢生长的。本研究对森林复垦工作具有一定的指导意义,因为这些类型的灌木是用来创造保护性植物的。在建立这种类型的人工林时,建立对气温的一定依赖将允许调整物种组成和它们的数量。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment and representation of Urban Trees Ecosystem Services: a case study in Pryzamkovyi park 城市树木生态系统服务评价与表征——以普里赞科伊公园为例
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0011
D. Bidolakh, P. Lakyda, V. Myroniuk, Yuriy Hayda, S. Pidkhovna
Abstract The research was aimed at verification of the possibility and expediency of applying i-Tree Eco tools in order to assess the value of ecosystem trees and bushes by the example of one of the parks in Ukraine and representation of the obtained information on an interactive map. For this purpose, the inventory of 228 urban trees in Pryzamkovyi park was conducted and the possibility of its adjustment to the conditions in Ukraine was assessed. The obtained information was analysed and visualised, and the advantages and disadvantages of this process were determined. The scope of the provided ecosystem services for park spaces was specified and it was determined that urban trees in Pryzamkovyi park have a €12.38 million replacement value and the average indicator of annual usefulness of ecosystem services provided by one tree plant or one bush plant in the park is equal to €15.75 per year, according to i-Tree Eco assessment. In order to improve the process of obtaining, processing and visualising materials, an orthophotomap based on unmanned aerial vehicle survey materials was applied. It allowed increasing the accuracy and improving the visualisation of the geolocation of trees and bushes. In order to familiarise a greater number of users with this information, electronic maps of vegetation that display the location of trees and bushes and their ecosystem services, both in quantity and monetary terms, were offered. The peculiarity and the scientific novelty of the approaches to solving the assigned task is the improvement of the process of informing the interested parties about the ecosystem services of a specific tree in the park and green plantations in the park as a whole. The suggested approaches to assessing the value of urban trees and their ecosystem services give ground to emphasise the value of these plants for urban ecosystems, to substantiate the expediency of implementing environmental measures as well as the need to increase the funding of these measures as a compensation for the services provided by trees and plants. At the same time, it is worth mentioning the expediency of conducting further research on this subject and the related issues, which requires follow-up studying.
摘要本研究以乌克兰某公园为例,验证了应用i-Tree生态工具来评估生态系统树木和灌木价值的可能性和便利性,并将所获得的信息表示在交互式地图上。为此目的,对Pryzamkovyi公园的228棵城市树木进行了清查,并评估了使其适应乌克兰条件的可能性。对所获得的信息进行了分析和可视化,并确定了该工艺的优缺点。根据i-Tree生态评估,为公园空间提供的生态系统服务的范围被指定,并确定Pryzamkovyi公园的城市树木具有1238万欧元的重置价值,公园内一棵树木或一棵灌木植物提供的生态系统服务年有用性的平均指标等于每年15.75欧元。为了改进资料的获取、处理和可视化过程,提出了一种基于无人机测量资料的正射影像图。它可以提高树木和灌木地理位置的准确性和可视化程度。为了使更多的用户熟悉这方面的资料,提供了显示树木和灌木的位置及其生态系统服务的电子植被地图,包括数量和货币。解决指定任务的方法的独特性和科学新颖性在于改进了将公园内特定树木和公园内整个绿化种植园的生态系统服务告知相关各方的过程。建议的评估城市树木及其生态系统服务价值的方法强调了这些植物对城市生态系统的价值,证实了实施环境措施的便利性,以及增加这些措施的资金作为树木和植物提供的服务的补偿的必要性。同时,值得一提的是,对本课题及相关问题进行进一步研究的便利性,有待后续研究。
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引用次数: 0
Application of various approaches of multispectral and radar data fusion for modelling of aboveground forest biomass 多光谱和雷达数据融合的各种方法在地上森林生物量建模中的应用
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0006
D. Movchan, A. Bilous, L. Yelistratova, A. Apostolov, A. Hodorovsky
Abstract Five different data fusion techniques (multiple linear regression (MLR), high-pass filtering (HPF), intensity hue saturation (IHS), wavelet transformation (WT) and the hybrid method WT + IHS) have been applied to model the aboveground forest biomass (AGB) in this study. The RapidEye multispectral image and the PALSAR radar image were used in research as sources of remote sensing data. Five models for estimating forest AGB were built and analysed using data from test area in Chernihiv region (Ukrainian Polissya). Correlation and min–max accuracy have been calculated for each model to measure the model performance. Among all the data fusion approaches used in the study, the high-pass filtering method has shown the greatest efficiency.
摘要采用多元线性回归(MLR)、高通滤波(HPF)、强度色相饱和度(IHS)、小波变换(WT)和WT + IHS混合方法5种不同的数据融合技术对地上森林生物量(AGB)进行建模。研究采用RapidEye多光谱图像和PALSAR雷达图像作为遥感数据来源。利用切尔尼耶夫地区(乌克兰波利西亚)试验区的数据,建立了估算森林AGB的5个模型并进行了分析。计算了每个模型的相关性和最小-最大精度,以衡量模型的性能。在研究中使用的所有数据融合方法中,高通滤波方法显示出最高的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Laboratory of Forest Fire Protection – 60 Years of Research in the Field of Forest Fire Protection 森林防火实验室——森林防火研究60年
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2023-0012
Łukasz Tyburski, R. Szczygieł, M. Kwiatkowski, J. Piwnicki
Abstract On 1 April 1963, the Department of Forest Fire Protection was established at the Forest Research Institute, which resulted from the need to develop scientific and organisational bases for building a forest fire protection system that would effectively minimise the growing fire hazard of Polish forests. The Department began its activities by developing a programme that took into account both the immediate but urgent needs of the forestry and the anticipated directions of research. Over the course of 60 years, more than 350 research reports were produced. Among the achievements that have influenced the currently functioning forest fire protection system in Poland there are: the method of forest fire risk assessment, forest fire risk prediction, the creation of fire risk monitoring based on a network of forest meteorological measuring points, the development of forest fuel models, the extensive use of aircraft to detect and extinguish forest fires, the conduct of the first studies on the possibility of using television cameras to detect forest fires, the operation of the National Forest Fire Information System, the purpose of which is to collect data on forest fires and natural non-forest areas, the development of an application for forest fire models and the conduct of the first workshop on controlled heath burn in the country. Among the many projects completed, there were also those dealing with the evaluation and suitability of equipment and chemicals for extinguishing forest fires.
1963年4月1日,森林研究所成立了森林防火部,这是由于需要发展科学和组织基础,以建立一个森林消防系统,有效地减少波兰森林日益增长的火灾危险。该部的活动开始于制订一项方案,该方案既考虑到林业的直接而迫切的需要,也考虑到预期的研究方向。在60年的时间里,产生了350多份研究报告。影响波兰目前运作的森林消防系统的成就包括:森林火灾风险评估方法、森林火灾风险预测、建立基于森林气象测量点网络的火灾风险监测、开发森林燃料模型、广泛使用飞机探测和扑灭森林火灾、对使用电视摄像机探测森林火灾的可能性进行首次研究、运行国家森林火灾信息系统、其目的是收集关于森林火灾和自然非森林地区的数据,开发森林火灾模型的应用程序,并在该国举办第一次关于控制荒地燃烧的讲习班。在已完成的许多项目中,也有一些项目涉及扑灭森林火灾的设备和化学品的评价和适宜性。
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期刊
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