Contemporary Drug Problems最新文献_第9页

The Complexity of Drug Consumption Room Policy and Progress in Finland 芬兰药品消费室政策的复杂性与进展

Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Contemporary Drug Problems

Pub Date : 2021-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/00914509211002542

A. Unlu, Fatih Demiroz, T. Tammi, P. Hakkarainen

Drug consumption rooms (DCRs) have been established to reach high-risk people who use drugs (PWUDs) and reduce drug-associated harm. Despite effectiveness, their establishment requires strong advocacy and efforts since moral perspectives tend to prevail over health outcomes in many countries. DCRs have generally emerged as a local response to inadequate central government policy. Likewise, the initiative of the Municipality of Helsinki in 2018 opened up a discussion between central government, society, and local actors in Finland. This would be the first DCR in Finland, which makes the policy process and the progress of the initiative interesting for analysis. In this article, the identification of agents, structures of interactions, environmental challenges, and policy opportunities are analyzed within the framework of complexity theory. Our results show that the initiative faces policy barriers that have mainly arisen from the conceptualization of DCRs in moral frameworks that result in the prolongation of political and professional actors to take a position on DCRs.

已经建立了药物消费室（DCR），以接触吸毒的高危人群并减少与药物相关的伤害。尽管有效，但建立这些机构需要强有力的宣传和努力，因为在许多国家，道德观点往往凌驾于健康结果之上。DCR通常是地方对中央政府政策不足的回应。同样，赫尔辛基市在2018年的倡议开启了芬兰中央政府、社会和地方行为者之间的讨论。这将是芬兰的第一次DCR，这使得政策进程和倡议的进展值得分析。本文在复杂性理论的框架内分析了主体的识别、相互作用的结构、环境挑战和政策机遇。我们的研究结果表明，该倡议面临的政策障碍主要源于道德框架中对DCR的概念化，导致政治和专业行为者对DCR采取立场的时间延长。

引用次数: 8

Shadow Committees: On “Drug User Voice,” Representation, and Mobilization in a Norwegian Drug Policy Reform 影子委员会:关于“吸毒者的声音”，代表和动员在挪威药物政策改革

Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Contemporary Drug Problems

Pub Date : 2021-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/00914509211003731

Aleksandra Bartoszko

Until recently, Norway remained immovable on its conservative policy that illegal drug use is a crime. In 2018, the Health Minister appointed an inquiry commission to design a less restrictive drug policy, which included two “drug user representatives.” But the Minister’s choices for these posts met massive dissatisfaction from some drug users who contended that the representatives “are not real drug users” and do not “speak for” nor “act on the behalf” of their experiences and opinions. They mobilized to establish an alternative organization, the Shadow Committee, to propose a drug policy reform shaped by “the user voices” and “not polluted by political compromises.” Yet, while performing a labor of difference, this committee, too, became caught in conflicting landscapes of representation with some members contesting strategic solidarity. Based on this case, and an ethnographic fieldwork among the protesters, this article investigates the concept of representation as understood, contested and applied by “drug users.” Exploring how they relate to “user voices” and question the authenticity of some of “user representatives,” I highlight how changing political landscapes affect understandings of representation and shape political, individual and collective forms of involvement. I draw on Pitkin’s political philosophy and apply the classical categorization of political representation to suggest reconsidering the governing assumptions regarding “user representatives” that increasingly inform drug and treatment policies in Norway. I ask if the concept of representation itself may be a barrier to meaningful involvement.

直到最近，挪威仍然坚持其认为非法使用毒品是一种犯罪的保守政策。2018年，卫生部长任命了一个调查委员会来设计一项限制较少的毒品政策，其中包括两名“吸毒者代表”。但是部长对这些职位的选择引起了一些吸毒者的极大不满，他们认为这些代表“不是真正的吸毒者”，既不代表他们的经历和意见“发言”，也不“代表他们行事”。他们动员起来，成立了另一个组织“影子委员会”(Shadow Committee)，提出一项由“使用者的声音”塑造、“不受政治妥协污染”的毒品政策改革。然而，在表现出差异的同时，该委员会也陷入了代表权的冲突之中，一些成员反对战略团结。基于这一案例，以及对抗议者的民族志田野调查，本文调查了“吸毒者”对代表性概念的理解、争议和应用。探索它们与“用户声音”的关系，并质疑一些“用户代表”的真实性，我强调了不断变化的政治景观如何影响对代表性的理解，并塑造政治、个人和集体参与形式。我借鉴皮特金的政治哲学，运用政治代表的经典分类，建议重新考虑关于“用户代表”的管理假设，这些假设越来越多地为挪威的药物和治疗政策提供信息。我的问题是，表现的概念本身是否会成为有意义参与的障碍。

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引用次数: 6

Locked Up and Locked Out: Client Perspectives on Personal Relationships While in Compulsory Drug Treatment 锁住和锁住:在强制药物治疗期间，客户对个人关系的看法

Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Contemporary Drug Problems

Pub Date : 2021-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/0091450921998383

F. Petersson, Karin Berg, Anette Skårner

This qualitative study explores clients’ perspectives on their personal relationships while in compulsory drug treatment. Interviews with 31 participants (14 female and 17 male) were conducted at four compulsory treatment institutions for adults who use drugs in Sweden. Taken together, our study reveals that clients in general had to struggle to maintain social relationships due to strict restrictions on their interpersonal contact and communication. Feelings of isolation and anxiety characterized much of their relationships during the treatment period, with emotional withdrawal commonly described as a way to cope. Moreover, some participants expressed shame and guilt over the pain and suffering they had subjected their family members to through their drug use, feelings that put additional strain on the contact. The emotionally and socially significant relationships described by our interviewees provide links to other personal roles and settings than those prescribed by the institution. At the studied institutions, however, little attention was given to this relational dimension of the clients’ situation. Based on the results of the present study, possibilities for improvement of compulsory drug treatment are discussed.

本定性研究探讨客户的观点，他们的个人关系，而在强制药物治疗。对31名参与者(14名女性和17名男性)在瑞典4个吸毒成人强制治疗机构进行了访谈。综上所述，我们的研究表明，由于对人际接触和沟通的严格限制，客户通常不得不努力维持社会关系。在治疗期间，他们的大部分关系都表现出孤立和焦虑的感觉，情绪戒断通常被描述为一种应对方式。此外，一些参与者对他们的家庭成员因吸毒而遭受的痛苦和折磨表示羞耻和内疚，这种感觉给这种接触增加了额外的压力。我们的受访者所描述的情感和社会上重要的关系提供了与其他个人角色和环境的联系，而不是机构规定的。然而，在所研究的机构中，很少注意到客户情况的这种关系方面。根据本研究的结果，讨论了改进强制药物治疗的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Looking Beyond the Provision of Injecting Equipment to People Who Use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Harm Reduction and Behavior Change Goals for UK Policy 向使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇的人提供注射设备之外:英国政策的减少危害和行为改变目标

Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Contemporary Drug Problems

Pub Date : 2021-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/0091450921998701

G. Bates, J. McVeigh, C. Leavey

Understanding of the choices and motivations of people who use anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) for muscular enhancement has increased greatly in the past thirty years, along with understanding of a wide range of health harms associated with this form of drug use in the community. During this period the predominant public health intervention for this population in the UK has consistently remained the provision of injecting equipment to prevent blood borne virus (BBV) transmission. The study explored the health professionals’ and other stakeholders’ perceptions on: whether the current UK public health response is sufficient to address the needs of people who use AAS, and if not, what other needs they might have. This included an exploration of whether there were gaps in harm reduction strategies or other behavioral outcomes and interventions that were needed. Interviews with 27 stakeholders who provide support to people who use AAS in a variety of roles established consensus on the need for a range of interventions to reduce harm and risk in those that choose to use AAS, to prevent initiation, to motivate and support cessation, and to prevent relapse. Study findings indicate that while providing sterile injecting equipment remains essential, it should be considered a bare minimum. The challenge is to develop and deliver a range of harm reduction interventions that look beyond BBV prevention to provide appropriate support to who choose to use AAS at all points in their cycles of use and ultimately for those choosing the temporary or permanent cessation of use.

在过去的三十年里，人们对使用合成代谢雄性激素（AAS）增强肌肉的人的选择和动机的了解大大增加，同时对社区中与这种药物使用相关的广泛健康危害的了解也大大增加。在此期间，英国对这一人群的主要公共卫生干预始终是提供注射设备，以防止血液传播病毒（BBV）。该研究探讨了卫生专业人员和其他利益相关者对以下问题的看法：目前英国的公共卫生应对措施是否足以满足使用AAS的人的需求，如果不足以满足，他们可能还有什么其他需求。这包括探索减少伤害策略或其他行为结果和所需干预措施是否存在差距。对27名为使用AAS的人提供支持的利益相关者进行的访谈，确立了一系列干预措施的必要性的共识，以减少选择使用AAS者的伤害和风险，防止开始使用AAS，激励和支持戒烟，并防止复发。研究结果表明，虽然提供无菌注射设备仍然至关重要，但应将其视为最低限度。挑战在于开发和提供一系列减少伤害的干预措施，这些干预措施超越了BBV预防，为选择在使用周期的所有阶段使用AAS的人提供适当的支持，并最终为选择暂时或永久停止使用的人提供支持。

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引用次数: 13

Multiple Logics: How Staff in Relapse Prevention Interpellate People With Substance Use Problems 多重逻辑：预防复发的工作人员如何将有药物使用问题的人联系起来

Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Contemporary Drug Problems

Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/0091450921998077

Mats Ekendahl, Patrik Karlsson

This study analyzes how staff in Swedish alcohol and other drug (AoD) treatment interpellate service users as people who can benefit from relapse prevention. Relapse prevention is a widely used intervention. Research is scarce, however, on how relapse prevention is practiced locally and how treatment staff perceive the relationship between AoD use as a problem and relapse prevention as a solution. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory and critical studies of AoD issues within this tradition, we elucidate how staff through specific interpellative logics enact service users, their individual characteristics, and living conditions. The data derive from interviews with 18 professionals working with assessment, counseling, case-management, therapy, and healthcare at AoD treatment agencies in the Stockholm region. The results show that the participants drew on four interpellative logics, and thereby enacted service users as four different object types. Region and network logics pinpointed that individuals have stable observable characteristics that determine their problems and eligibility for treatment (e.g., living conditions, diagnoses). Fluid and fire logics emphasized that their characteristics also vary depending on context and can be present and absent at the same time (e.g., harms, agency). This flexible interpellation of service users echoes the tendency among treatment staff to embrace sometimes irreconcilable understandings of AoD problems and to enact multiple realities of addiction. This suits a professional field where many factors are thought to cause and help resolve problems, but where the treatment supply is often limited to specific interventions. We conclude that it is easier to create a reasonable match between the service delivered and the potential service user if the characteristics of the latter are considered diverse and flickering. This exemplifies Carol Bacchi’s tenet that problem representations are adjusted to fit the solution at hand.

这项研究分析了瑞典酒精和其他药物治疗机构的工作人员如何将服务使用者宣传为可以从预防复发中受益的人。复发预防是一种广泛使用的干预措施。然而，关于复发预防在当地是如何实施的，以及治疗人员如何将AoD的使用视为一个问题和复发预防视为一种解决方案之间的关系，研究很少。借助行动者网络理论和对这一传统中的AoD问题的批判性研究，我们阐明了员工如何通过特定的质询逻辑来制定服务用户、他们的个人特征和生活条件。这些数据来自对斯德哥尔摩地区AoD治疗机构18名从事评估、咨询、病例管理、治疗和医疗保健工作的专业人员的采访。结果表明，参与者借鉴了四种互问逻辑，从而将服务用户设定为四种不同的对象类型。区域和网络逻辑指出，个体具有稳定的可观察特征，这些特征决定了他们的问题和治疗资格（例如，生活条件、诊断）。流体和火灾逻辑强调，它们的特征也因上下文而异，可以同时存在和不存在（例如，危害、代理）。这种对服务使用者的灵活询问呼应了治疗人员对AoD问题有时不可调和的理解，并形成了成瘾的多重现实。这适合一个专业领域，在这个领域，许多因素被认为会导致并有助于解决问题，但治疗供应往往仅限于特定的干预措施。我们得出的结论是，如果潜在服务用户的特征被认为是多样的和闪烁的，那么在提供的服务和潜在服务用户之间建立合理的匹配会更容易。这体现了Carol Bacchi的原则，即对问题表示进行调整以适应手头的解决方案。

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引用次数: 4

Bleeding Borders and Enemies Within: How Newsmagazine Covers Portrayed Drugs of Abuse, 1979–2019 流血的边界和内部敌人:1979-2019年新闻杂志封面如何描绘滥用药物

Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Contemporary Drug Problems

Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0091450921993835

Bryan E. Denham, S. Cacciatore, Michael Caves

This study examined how the covers of three newsmagazines, Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report, portrayed drugs of abuse between 1979 and 2019. Findings showed consistency with extant research suggesting that a rigid focus on supply has resulted in a vilification of Latino traffickers from Central and South America. We also saw differences in how newsmagazines portrayed powder cocaine and crack cocaine and observed patterns of “White washing” opioid abuse. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided.

这项研究调查了三份新闻杂志《时代》、《新闻周刊》和《美国新闻与世界报道》的封面如何描述1979年至2019年期间的药物滥用情况。调查结果与现有的研究一致，表明对供应的严格关注导致了对来自中南美洲的拉丁裔贩运者的诋毁。我们还看到了新闻杂志对粉末可卡因和快克可卡因的描述方式的差异，并观察到“洗白”阿片类药物滥用的模式。对未来的研究提出了启示和建议。

引用次数: 0

Toward Community Empowerment: The Puerto Rican Ganchero. 迈向社区赋权:波多黎各的甘切罗。

Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Contemporary Drug Problems

Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/0091450920964576

C Gelpí-Acosta, H Guarino, E Benoit, S Deren, A Rodríguez

People who inject drugs (PWID) who migrate from Puerto Rico (PR) to New York City (NYC) are at elevated risk for hepatitis C (HCV), HIV and drug overdose. There is an urgent need to identify a sustainable path toward improving the health outcomes of this population. Peer-driven HIV/HCV prevention interventions for PWID are effective in reducing risk behaviors. Additionally, the concept of intravention-naturally occurring disease prevention activities among PWID (Friedman, 2004)-is a suitable theoretical framework to cast and bolster PWID-indigenous risk reduction norms and practices to achieve positive health outcomes. From 2017-2019, we conducted an ethnographic study in the Bronx, NYC to identify the injection risks of migrant Puerto Rican PWID, institutional barriers to risk reduction and solutions to these barriers. Study components included a longitudinal ethnography with 40 migrant PWID (e.g., baseline and exit interviews and monthly face-to-face follow-ups for 12 months), two institutional ethnographies (IEs) with 10 migrants and six service providers, and three focus groups (FGs) with another 15 migrant PWID. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. In this article, we present findings from the IEs and FGs, specifically regarding a promising intravention pathway to promote health empowerment among these migrants that leverages an existing social role within their networks: the PR-indigenous ganchero. A ganchero is a vein-finding expert who is paid with drugs or cash for providing injection services. Ethnographic evidence from this study suggests that gancheros can occupy harm reduction leadership roles among migrant Puerto Rican PWID, adapting standard overdose and HIV/HCV prevention education to the specific experiences of their community. We conclude by noting the culturally appropriate risk reduction service delivery improvements needed to mitigate the health vulnerabilities of migrants and provide a roadmap for improving service delivery and identifying future research avenues.

从波多黎各(PR)移民到纽约市(NYC)的注射吸毒者(PWID)感染丙型肝炎(HCV)、艾滋病毒(HIV)和药物过量的风险较高。迫切需要确定一条可持续的途径来改善这一人群的健康状况。同伴驱动的艾滋病毒/丙型肝炎预防干预措施在减少危险行为方面是有效的。此外，静脉干预的概念-在PWID中自然发生的疾病预防活动(Friedman, 2004)-是一个合适的理论框架，可以塑造和支持PWID土著减少风险的规范和实践，以实现积极的健康结果。从2017年到2019年，我们在纽约市布朗克斯进行了一项人种学研究，以确定波多黎各移民PWID的注射风险，降低风险的制度障碍以及这些障碍的解决方案。研究组成部分包括对40名移民PWID的纵向民族志(例如，基线和退出访谈以及为期12个月的每月面对面随访)，对10名移民和6名服务提供者的两项机构民族志(IEs)，以及对另外15名移民PWID的三个焦点小组(fg)。数据分析采用扎根理论的方法。在本文中，我们介绍了来自ie和FGs的研究结果，特别是关于一个有希望的静脉干预途径，以促进这些移民的健康赋权，利用其网络中现有的社会角色:PR-indigenous ganchero。ganchero是一名寻找静脉的专家，他们提供注射服务，获得毒品或现金报酬。本研究的人种学证据表明，gancheros可以在移民波多黎各PWID中发挥减少伤害的领导作用，使标准的过量和HIV/HCV预防教育适应其社区的具体经验。最后，我们指出，为减轻移徙者的健康脆弱性，需要在文化上适当地改善减少风险的服务提供，并为改善服务提供和确定未来的研究途径提供了路线图。

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引用次数: 6

Narrative Politics in Policy Discourse: The Debate Over Safe Injection Sites in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 政策话语中的叙事政治：宾夕法尼亚州费城关于安全注射场所的争论

Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Contemporary Drug Problems

Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0091450921993821

Ryan J. Lofaro, H. Miller

Safe injection sites are spaces where people who inject drugs can do so under the supervision of staff at the sites who attempt to revive them if they overdose. Public officials in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have proposed the sites as a means to reduce opioid overdose deaths in the city, a policy proposal that has been politically and legally contested. This article uses the Narrative Politics model to elucidate the concerns, values, and aspirations of the competing narratives in the public discourse over safe injection sites in Philadelphia. Despite the aspirations expressed within the Harm Reduction narrative to open such a site, opposition from the Nimby (not in my backyard) narrative has, at the time of this research, successfully precluded such a step. Other narratives in the discourse include the Abstinence narrative opposing safe injection sites and the Social Justice narrative opposed to incarceration but also hesitant to wholeheartedly endorse the Harm Reduction narrative for its delayed advocacy of compassionate treatment of people who use drugs now that the face of the person who uses opioids is a white one. In addition to juxtaposing competing narratives against one another and considering their alignments, disagreements, and interactions, the authors consider absences and shared presuppositions. The social construction of the purported drug addict varies in some ways between and among the prevailing narratives; in other ways, all the narratives problematize “addiction” as an affliction that justifies techniques of discipline aimed at caring for and controlling the population.

安全注射场所是注射毒品的人可以在场所工作人员的监督下进行注射的场所，如果他们过量注射，工作人员会试图救活他们。宾夕法尼亚州费城的公职人员提议，将这些场所作为减少该市阿片类药物过量死亡的一种手段，这一政策提议在政治上和法律上都存在争议。本文使用叙事政治模型来阐明在费城安全注射地点的公共话语中竞争叙事的关注点，价值观和愿望。尽管在减少伤害的叙述中表达了开放这样一个站点的愿望，但在本研究进行时，来自邻避(不是在我的后院)叙述的反对已经成功地阻止了这一步骤。话语中的其他叙述包括反对安全注射地点的禁欲叙述和反对监禁的社会正义叙述，但也不愿全心全意地支持减少伤害叙述，因为它延迟了对吸毒者的同情治疗的倡导，因为使用阿片类药物的人的脸是白人的脸。除了将相互竞争的叙述并置，并考虑它们的一致性、分歧和相互作用之外，作者还考虑了缺席和共同的预设。在不同的主流叙事中，所谓的吸毒者的社会建构在某些方面有所不同;在其他方面，所有的叙述都将“成瘾”问题化为一种痛苦，为旨在照顾和控制人口的纪律技术辩护。

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引用次数: 10

Toward a “Post-Legalization” Criminology for Cannabis: A Brief Review and Suggested Agenda for Research Priorities 迈向“后合法化”的大麻犯罪学:简要回顾和建议的优先研究议程

Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Contemporary Drug Problems

Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/0091450920977976

B. Fischer, D. Daldegan-Bueno, P. Reuter

Cannabis control policies in a few countries have recently shifted from criminal prohibition-based regimes to legalization of use and supply. While cannabis’ newly emerging status of legality may suggest a coming “end” for criminology-based interest in the drug, these fundamental changes rather open a window to a new set of criminological research issues and questions, mostly focusing on cannabis use and related behaviors, and their relation to crime and justice. Based on a joint, personal record of several decades of criminological research on cannabis, we briefly review the rationale for five fundamental topics and issues of cannabis-related research associated with legalization. These include: 1) the deterrent effect of prohibition; 2) illicit production, markets and supply in a legalization regime; 3) use enforcement; 4) cannabis-impaired driving; 5) cannabis and crime. This constitutes an—albeit subjectively selective—“post-legalization” research agenda for a cannabis-focused criminology. Other possible areas of research focus or interest within fundamentally different paradigms of criminology (e.g., “critical criminology”) are identified and encouraged for development. Overall, the proposed research agenda for a post-legalization cannabis criminology should both contribute discipline-specific knowledge to improved cannabis-related public health and safety as well as allow for important debate and development in this evolving and important research field while entering a new (“post-legalization”) era.

一些国家的大麻管制政策最近已从基于刑事禁令的制度转向使用和供应的合法化。虽然大麻新出现的合法地位可能意味着基于犯罪学的对该药物的兴趣即将“终结”，但这些根本性的变化为一系列新的犯罪学研究问题打开了一扇窗户，主要集中在大麻的使用和相关行为，以及它们与犯罪和司法的关系。基于几十年来大麻犯罪学研究的联合个人记录，我们简要回顾了与合法化相关的大麻相关研究的五个基本主题和问题的基本原理。其中包括：1）禁令的威慑作用；2）合法化制度下的非法生产、市场和供应；3）使用强制执行；4）大麻障碍驾驶；5）大麻和犯罪。这构成了以大麻为重点的犯罪学的“后合法化”研究议程，尽管主观上是有选择性的。在根本不同的犯罪学范式（例如“批判性犯罪学”）中，确定并鼓励发展其他可能的研究重点或兴趣领域。总体而言，大麻合法化后犯罪学的拟议研究议程既应为改善大麻相关的公共健康和安全贡献特定学科的知识，也应在进入新的（“后合法化”）时代的同时，允许在这一不断发展的重要研究领域进行重要的辩论和发展。

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引用次数: 11

Biopower, Disciplinary Power and Surveillance: An Ethnographic Analysis of the Lived Experience of People Who Use Drugs in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside 生物权力、纪律权力和监督：温哥华市中心东区吸毒者生活经历的民族志分析

Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Contemporary Drug Problems

Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0091450920955247

Benjamin Scher

Focusing on the role of police as primary actors in the arena of citizen safety, this article examines the impact of policing practices on the daily lived experience of people who use drugs in accessing a supervised consumption site in Vancouver, Canada. The site is located in the heart of Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside (DTES) neighborhood at a community center that I refer to as the Hawthorne Resource Centre. The method of data collection for this study comprised five months of ethnographic fieldwork, including focus groups and one-on-one interviews with community members accessing the site, site staff and management. Drawing on Foucauldian conceptualizations of power, the findings of this research suggest that governmental modes of power, including biopower and disciplinary power, are pervasively operative in various realms of the day to day lives of the Hawthorne Resource Centre clients. Evidence of the scalable nature of these modes of power are seen within the internal functioning of the Supervised Consumption Site, outside in the methods of community policing in the DTES and in weekly police practices in Oppenheimer Park. As such, this study represents a multiscalar assessment of how these Foucauldian power structures work at multiple levels and locations in the DTES. Driven by the narratives of the Hawthorne Resource Centre clients, the findings of this research illustrate not only the importance of understanding power relations within specific policy interventions, but further, highlight how specific tactics mobilized within “harm reduction policing” would be relevant and applicable to the context of the DTES.

本文聚焦于警察在公民安全领域的主要角色，探讨了在加拿大温哥华的一个受监管的消费场所，警察实践对吸毒者日常生活体验的影响。场地位于温哥华市中心东侧(DTES)社区中心的中心，我称之为Hawthorne资源中心。本研究的数据收集方法包括五个月的民族志实地调查，包括焦点小组和对访问该站点的社区成员、站点工作人员和管理人员的一对一访谈。借鉴福柯式的权力概念，本研究的结果表明，政府权力模式，包括生物权力和纪律权力，在霍桑资源中心客户日常生活的各个领域普遍存在。这些权力模式的可扩展性的证据可以在监督消费网站的内部功能中看到，在DTES的社区警务方法和奥本海默公园的每周警察实践中看到。因此，本研究代表了对福柯式权力结构如何在DTES的多个层次和位置上工作的多标量评估。在霍桑资源中心客户的叙述的推动下，本研究的结果不仅说明了在具体政策干预中理解权力关系的重要性，而且进一步强调了在“减少伤害警务”中动员的具体策略如何与DTES的背景相关并适用。

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引用次数: 7