Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/13552074.2022.2126199
Wandile Sibiya, D. du Toit
ABSTRACT Digital domestic work platforms have grown in the past few years, enabling employers to source paid domestic work via an app. Few studies have looked at the impact that digital domestic work platforms have on the working conditions and well-being of domestic workers. This study draws on the International Labour Organization’s Decent Work framework to explore the extent to which the domestic work platform SweepSouth offers opportunities for decent work. Findings are based on in-depth qualitative interviews with domestic workers employed by SweepSouth. The research revealed that working hours and autonomy were experienced as positive by domestic workers. However, wages remain insufficient to sustain a quality life. Furthermore, the lack of control over work time, an absence of union representation and collective bargaining power, and no social benefits have a negative impact on domestic workers’ working conditions. Algorithmic ratings from clients also put extra pressure on domestic workers to render quality cleaning services. Finally, this study shows that domestic work remains unstable and insecure and that digital domestic work platforms do little to improve the lives of domestic workers.
{"title":"Sweeping up decent work: paid domestic work and digital platforms in South Africa","authors":"Wandile Sibiya, D. du Toit","doi":"10.1080/13552074.2022.2126199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2126199","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Digital domestic work platforms have grown in the past few years, enabling employers to source paid domestic work via an app. Few studies have looked at the impact that digital domestic work platforms have on the working conditions and well-being of domestic workers. This study draws on the International Labour Organization’s Decent Work framework to explore the extent to which the domestic work platform SweepSouth offers opportunities for decent work. Findings are based on in-depth qualitative interviews with domestic workers employed by SweepSouth. The research revealed that working hours and autonomy were experienced as positive by domestic workers. However, wages remain insufficient to sustain a quality life. Furthermore, the lack of control over work time, an absence of union representation and collective bargaining power, and no social benefits have a negative impact on domestic workers’ working conditions. Algorithmic ratings from clients also put extra pressure on domestic workers to render quality cleaning services. Finally, this study shows that domestic work remains unstable and insecure and that digital domestic work platforms do little to improve the lives of domestic workers.","PeriodicalId":35882,"journal":{"name":"Gender and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43936241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/13552074.2022.2144615
Ruchi Agarwal, M. Chatterjee
SEWA wage loss insurance research. The action research being implemented in collab-oration with the University of Chicago Trust and Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) aims at improving existing products through di ff erent premiums and income and wage loss compensation amounts. The study is being implemented in 200 villages of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar district for which the organisation has adopted a robust technologically driven strategy. Through a decentralised approach, the project will select a number of fi eld organisers or sta ff and contribute to their live-lihood through an incentive-based model, train informal women workers at the grassroots level on digital tools and thereby contribute to their e ff orts at empowerment. Through this intervention, the insurance policies collected from the grassroots level will be translated into digital media through VimoSEWA ’ s application that will strengthen the organisation ’ s reach and business. In addition, the team members are also trained in digital tools such as Google Drive and audio-visual platforms for e ff ective implementation.
{"title":"Leveraging digital technologies to enable women’s co-operatives: experience of national insurance VimoSEWA Co-operative Ltd.","authors":"Ruchi Agarwal, M. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1080/13552074.2022.2144615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2144615","url":null,"abstract":"SEWA wage loss insurance research. The action research being implemented in collab-oration with the University of Chicago Trust and Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) aims at improving existing products through di ff erent premiums and income and wage loss compensation amounts. The study is being implemented in 200 villages of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar district for which the organisation has adopted a robust technologically driven strategy. Through a decentralised approach, the project will select a number of fi eld organisers or sta ff and contribute to their live-lihood through an incentive-based model, train informal women workers at the grassroots level on digital tools and thereby contribute to their e ff orts at empowerment. Through this intervention, the insurance policies collected from the grassroots level will be translated into digital media through VimoSEWA ’ s application that will strengthen the organisation ’ s reach and business. In addition, the team members are also trained in digital tools such as Google Drive and audio-visual platforms for e ff ective implementation.","PeriodicalId":35882,"journal":{"name":"Gender and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45423190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13552074.2022.2063611
Monika Banerjee, Prama Mukhopadhyay
ABSTRACT As women across the globe continue to be overburdened with child-care responsibilities owing to the closure of institutional child-care facilities due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper attempts to posit a viable disaster-resilient model through the idea of community-based care infrastructure. Based on research conducted among parents from low-income groups, whose children attended child-care centres run by Sangini Co-operative of Self-employed women's association (SEWA) in Gujarat in western India, this paper wants to highlight the spontaneity with which the Cooperative responded to the pandemic, underlining the efficacy of community-based interventions in times of crisis. This paper argues that solidarity between care workers and the larger community is only likely to increase during times of crisis, which makes community-based solutions an integral part of addressing future care emergencies.
{"title":"COVID-19 – a crisis of care and what we can learn from the SEWA experience in India","authors":"Monika Banerjee, Prama Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1080/13552074.2022.2063611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2063611","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As women across the globe continue to be overburdened with child-care responsibilities owing to the closure of institutional child-care facilities due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper attempts to posit a viable disaster-resilient model through the idea of community-based care infrastructure. Based on research conducted among parents from low-income groups, whose children attended child-care centres run by Sangini Co-operative of Self-employed women's association (SEWA) in Gujarat in western India, this paper wants to highlight the spontaneity with which the Cooperative responded to the pandemic, underlining the efficacy of community-based interventions in times of crisis. This paper argues that solidarity between care workers and the larger community is only likely to increase during times of crisis, which makes community-based solutions an integral part of addressing future care emergencies.","PeriodicalId":35882,"journal":{"name":"Gender and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48144393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13552074.2022.2087991
Valeria Esquivel, J. Ghosh, F. Kelleher
geospatial analysis to explore the relationship between local care provision and women ’ s labour force participation in Mexico and Colombia
地理空间分析，探讨墨西哥和哥伦比亚当地护理服务与妇女劳动力参与之间的关系
{"title":"A gender-responsive recovery: ensuring women’s decent work and transforming care provision","authors":"Valeria Esquivel, J. Ghosh, F. Kelleher","doi":"10.1080/13552074.2022.2087991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2087991","url":null,"abstract":"geospatial analysis to explore the relationship between local care provision and women ’ s labour force participation in Mexico and Colombia","PeriodicalId":35882,"journal":{"name":"Gender and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42903635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13552074.2022.2071992
Sofia Strid, Colette Schrodi, R. Cibin
ABSTRACT The pandemic has radically shifted how society is organised, with increased work from home, home-schooling, and intensification of online presence, all with specific (un)intended implications on paid and unpaid care work. These implications, like those of other crises, are gendered and manifest along sex, age, disability, ethnicity/race, migration status, religion, social class, and the intersections between these inequalities. While many studies have identified these unequal and negative impacts, and point to significant care-related inequalities, the specific contribution of this paper is a different one, namely to point towards inspiring practices as better stories of and in the care domain during the pandemic. The aim is to make these better stories visible and to think about these as ways forward to mitigate the unequal impacts of COVID-19 and its policy responses. Theoretically, the approach is based on ‘better stories’, as developed by Dina Georgis (2013, Better Story. Queer Affects from the Middle East, New York: State University). The paper uses both quantitative and qualitative data, gathered from the EU27, Iceland, Serbia, Turkey, and the UK, within the EU H2020 project RESISTIRÉ.
{"title":"Better stories for a gender equal and fairer social recovery from outbreaks: learnings from the RESISTIRÉ project","authors":"Sofia Strid, Colette Schrodi, R. Cibin","doi":"10.1080/13552074.2022.2071992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2071992","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The pandemic has radically shifted how society is organised, with increased work from home, home-schooling, and intensification of online presence, all with specific (un)intended implications on paid and unpaid care work. These implications, like those of other crises, are gendered and manifest along sex, age, disability, ethnicity/race, migration status, religion, social class, and the intersections between these inequalities. While many studies have identified these unequal and negative impacts, and point to significant care-related inequalities, the specific contribution of this paper is a different one, namely to point towards inspiring practices as better stories of and in the care domain during the pandemic. The aim is to make these better stories visible and to think about these as ways forward to mitigate the unequal impacts of COVID-19 and its policy responses. Theoretically, the approach is based on ‘better stories’, as developed by Dina Georgis (2013, Better Story. Queer Affects from the Middle East, New York: State University). The paper uses both quantitative and qualitative data, gathered from the EU27, Iceland, Serbia, Turkey, and the UK, within the EU H2020 project RESISTIRÉ.","PeriodicalId":35882,"journal":{"name":"Gender and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41387811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13552074.2022.2063616
Thalia Kidder
{"title":"The Care Manifesto: The Politics of Interdependence","authors":"Thalia Kidder","doi":"10.1080/13552074.2022.2063616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2063616","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35882,"journal":{"name":"Gender and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48468562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13552074.2022.2072003
Lucía Pérez Fragoso
ABSTRACT Analysing fiscal policy from the perspective of feminist economics means examining gender equality policies, both in terms of tax revenue and other sources of fund (indebtedness), as well as redistribution and public spending. Finding out the number of resources assigned to these policies, their macroeconomic impact, and their temporality (longevity) is extremely essential. In this paper, we will analyse public expenditure in the budgets of Latin American countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The budget proposals tabled for the region focus on employment generation through the creation of care centres, with policies that focus on both redistribution of income and redistribution of care work.
{"title":"A feminist-economics analysis of Latin American budgets show an urgent need for redistribution of income and care work","authors":"Lucía Pérez Fragoso","doi":"10.1080/13552074.2022.2072003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2072003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Analysing fiscal policy from the perspective of feminist economics means examining gender equality policies, both in terms of tax revenue and other sources of fund (indebtedness), as well as redistribution and public spending. Finding out the number of resources assigned to these policies, their macroeconomic impact, and their temporality (longevity) is extremely essential. In this paper, we will analyse public expenditure in the budgets of Latin American countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The budget proposals tabled for the region focus on employment generation through the creation of care centres, with policies that focus on both redistribution of income and redistribution of care work.","PeriodicalId":35882,"journal":{"name":"Gender and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47588439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13552074.2022.2068844
Isabelle Gurney
ABSTRACT Pacific women’s unique economic experiences are under-represented in Pacific development initiatives. Economic empowerment initiatives typically focus on economic participation, without consideration for women’s household labour and the unequal social and economic dynamics within their homes and communities. Within the context of COVID-19, these inequalities have become more pronounced and the need to address them more pressing. This article argues that it is critical that development partners consider how existing economic structures and systems have led to women’s disproportionate economic vulnerability while also prioritising an approach to women’s economic empowerment (WEE) that meets women’s immediate economic, priorities, and material needs. Pacific development organisations have found that greater emphasis is needed on the non-financial dynamics of WEE, such as care distribution, leadership, and collective organising. This article critically considers what works to build WEE in the Pacific region, drawing on the experiences of projects supported by the Pacific Women Shaping Pacific Development Program. It discusses successful measures used by Pacific NGOs to build WEE and their efforts to change gendered power dynamics within the constraints of donor funding and mainstream development programming that continues to be underlined by the ‘smart economics’ rationale.
{"title":"From participation to power – Pacific approaches to women’s economic empowerment","authors":"Isabelle Gurney","doi":"10.1080/13552074.2022.2068844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2068844","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pacific women’s unique economic experiences are under-represented in Pacific development initiatives. Economic empowerment initiatives typically focus on economic participation, without consideration for women’s household labour and the unequal social and economic dynamics within their homes and communities. Within the context of COVID-19, these inequalities have become more pronounced and the need to address them more pressing. This article argues that it is critical that development partners consider how existing economic structures and systems have led to women’s disproportionate economic vulnerability while also prioritising an approach to women’s economic empowerment (WEE) that meets women’s immediate economic, priorities, and material needs. Pacific development organisations have found that greater emphasis is needed on the non-financial dynamics of WEE, such as care distribution, leadership, and collective organising. This article critically considers what works to build WEE in the Pacific region, drawing on the experiences of projects supported by the Pacific Women Shaping Pacific Development Program. It discusses successful measures used by Pacific NGOs to build WEE and their efforts to change gendered power dynamics within the constraints of donor funding and mainstream development programming that continues to be underlined by the ‘smart economics’ rationale.","PeriodicalId":35882,"journal":{"name":"Gender and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47179233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13552074.2022.2066809
Ghida Ismail, Marcela Valdivia, Sarah Orleans Reed
ABSTRACT Studies show that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions had disproportionately negative impacts on the majority of the world’s workers who work informally, and on women informal workers in particular. This reflects the interplay between the pandemic, existing decent work deficits in informal employment, and discriminatory gendered norms within and outside the workplace. Based on a sample of 1,935 informal workers from a mixed-method longitudinal study across 12 cities in 2020 and 2021 conducted by Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO), this article finds that the gendered impacts on informal workers within and between occupational sectors observed in the initial three months have persisted over a year and half into the pandemic, and explores the reasons for the gender-differentiated impacts. It then considers the specific demands made by informal workers to the state, highlighting the ways in which sector and gender mediate workers’ policy needs. Finally, it provides evidence of the role of member-based organisations of informal workers in responding directly to the needs of women workers, and on making claims on the state to fulfil these needs.
{"title":"COVID-19 impact and recovery for women informal workers – a view from 2021","authors":"Ghida Ismail, Marcela Valdivia, Sarah Orleans Reed","doi":"10.1080/13552074.2022.2066809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2066809","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies show that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions had disproportionately negative impacts on the majority of the world’s workers who work informally, and on women informal workers in particular. This reflects the interplay between the pandemic, existing decent work deficits in informal employment, and discriminatory gendered norms within and outside the workplace. Based on a sample of 1,935 informal workers from a mixed-method longitudinal study across 12 cities in 2020 and 2021 conducted by Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO), this article finds that the gendered impacts on informal workers within and between occupational sectors observed in the initial three months have persisted over a year and half into the pandemic, and explores the reasons for the gender-differentiated impacts. It then considers the specific demands made by informal workers to the state, highlighting the ways in which sector and gender mediate workers’ policy needs. Finally, it provides evidence of the role of member-based organisations of informal workers in responding directly to the needs of women workers, and on making claims on the state to fulfil these needs.","PeriodicalId":35882,"journal":{"name":"Gender and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45630779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/13552074.2022.2066265
D. Chopra, M. Krishnan
ABSTRACT Our research on government policy responses to address the increase in women’s unpaid care and domestic work during COVID-19, across 59 countries of Asia and the Pacific, shows that less than 30 per cent of measures are care-sensitive and of these only 12 per cent are gender-differentiated. From this analysis, this paper proposes a care-integral approach to ensure gender-transformative outcomes. This approach comprises a unique three-tier framework for policy action constituting: (1) seven foundational care normative principles, (2) typology of four care-sensitive policy categories, and (3) seven levers of change to guide implementation. Together this 7-4-7 framework presents comprehensive strategies for policymakers to operationalise the Triple R agenda of ‘Recognise’, ‘Reduce’, and ‘Redistribute’ unpaid work. Further, this paper makes a unique contribution by redirecting attention of the Triple R approach on quantity of care, to make a case for improving the overall quality of care.
{"title":"‘Care is not a burden’: a 7-4-7 framework of action for operationalising the Triple R","authors":"D. Chopra, M. Krishnan","doi":"10.1080/13552074.2022.2066265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2066265","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our research on government policy responses to address the increase in women’s unpaid care and domestic work during COVID-19, across 59 countries of Asia and the Pacific, shows that less than 30 per cent of measures are care-sensitive and of these only 12 per cent are gender-differentiated. From this analysis, this paper proposes a care-integral approach to ensure gender-transformative outcomes. This approach comprises a unique three-tier framework for policy action constituting: (1) seven foundational care normative principles, (2) typology of four care-sensitive policy categories, and (3) seven levers of change to guide implementation. Together this 7-4-7 framework presents comprehensive strategies for policymakers to operationalise the Triple R agenda of ‘Recognise’, ‘Reduce’, and ‘Redistribute’ unpaid work. Further, this paper makes a unique contribution by redirecting attention of the Triple R approach on quantity of care, to make a case for improving the overall quality of care.","PeriodicalId":35882,"journal":{"name":"Gender and Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44717443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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