Journal of Food and Drug Analysis最新文献

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial with a wide range of potential applications due to their unique structural, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, numerous obstacles must be overcome for CNTs to be used successfully, including low solubility, aggregation, and a lack of specialized functions. Diverse techniques have been developed for the manufacture, purification, and functionalization of CNTs in order to overcome these issues. The main aim of this review article is to provide brief knowledge about CNTs and strategies to use this revolutionized nanomaterial in drug delivery. Prepare CNTs cannot be directly used as drug carrier molecules due to the presence of impurities, so purification is an essential aspect of their use. In addition, various functionalization procedures are used frequently for drug conjugation with other benefits, such as reduced toxicity and targeted delivery. Their nano needle structure can penetrate any cell without damaging it with improved efficiency in targeted drug delivery, cancer cell identification, anticancer molecule delivery, antifungal treatment, and transdermal approaches. This nanostructure also has some antimicrobial activity, and conjugation with some antimicrobial agents shows a synergistic response.

This study introduces an innovative bio-based sorbent bead crafted by integrating chitosan (CS) biopolymers, Fe(NO3)3 and polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) via glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The primary focus of this study was the concurrent separation of diverse tetracycline antibiotics (TCs), followed by rigorous reversed-phase liquid chromatography analysis. The fabricated CS/Fe@PDA sorbent beads were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, revealing a surface rich in active carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) moieties. The proposed method demonstrated substantial analytical robustness, enabling the sorbent bead to detect low concentrations of TCs, with limit of detection values ranging from 142 to 303 μg L-1. Notably, the established linear range of 450-2000 μg L-1 extended the applicability of this approach to food and pharmaceutical product analysis. This study anticipated a paradigm shift in sample pre-treatment methodologies for TC analysis and envisions CS/Fe@PDA beads as a valuable tool for further advancements in separation science. The proposed bio-sorbent introduced a promising avenue for optimizing TC analysis, contributing to broader goals of food safety and pharmaceutical quality assurance. The results and insights from this study are expected to provide valuable inputs for ongoing efforts of the Food and Drug Administration to enhance analytical methodologies for food and drug safety.

The rapid development of delivery systems for cosmetics has revealed two critical challenges in the field: enhancing the solubility of active ingredients and ensuring the stability of natural materials used in cosmetics. Nanoemulsion technology has emerged as an indispensable solution for addressing these challenges, not only enhancing the stability of cosmetics but also improving the solubility of pharmaceuticals and active ingredients with poor solubility. Nanoemulsion formulations have reinforced stability and amended the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. Moreover, nanoemulsion exhibit excellent skin penetration and long-lasting effects, making them particularly appealing to consumers, especially in the cosmetic industry. This article aims to provide an overview of herbal nanoemulsion formulations as cosmetic products, covering formulation, production, and characterization. Herbal nanoemulsions is an effective, stable, and promising option for cosmetic delivery. The nanoemulsions were characterized by their key properties, such as particle size, polydisperse index (PDI), zeta potential, viscosity, stability and others. Techniques like zeta potential measurement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the surface morphology, whereas stability tests were employed to evaluate nanoemulsion performance. This review also delves into the high-energy and the low-energy methods of manufacturing nanoemulsions. Additionally, we also explore the selection of appropriate surfactants, co-surfactants, and ingredients for creating herbal nanoemulsions with desirable attributes and qualities. Overall, this review consolidates the current knowledge on herbal nanoemulsion formulations for cosmetic preparations, designs, shedding light on their effectiveness, characteristics, and stability. These formulations hold promise in overcoming challenges related to meeting the increasing demand for effective herbal nanoemulsion and high-quality cosmetic products.

In the current study, the effects of fermentation by Lactobacillus acidophilus, Levilactobacillus brevis or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (La/Lb/Lp, 1-2.5%) and incubation (30/37 °C, C1/C2) of red beetroot juice on the profile of betalains and polyphenols (UHPLC-DAD-MS), and antioxidant capacity using photochemiluminescence (PCL) and spectrophotometric assays (DPPH/ABTS) was investigated. Additionally, anti-glycaemic (anti-AGEs) and anticholinergic (anti-AChE) potential in vitro was analysed. Fermentation distinctly initiated isobetanin and neobetanin formation and enhanced flavonoid concentration, emphasising rutin, kaempferol and (+)-catechin. The fermented juices inhibited protein glycation in the BSA-GLU model and showed high DPPH and ABTS values. LP2.5% juice was the only one indicating anti-AChE potential.

This study reveals the anti-tyrosinase activity of Ganoderma formosanum extracts, pinpointing compounds including gluconic acid, mesalamine, L-pyroglutamic acid, esculetin, 5-hydroxyindole, and salicylic acid, as effective melanin production inhibitors in melanoma cells and zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, multiple molecular docking simulations provided insights into interactions between the identified compounds and tyrosinase, increasing binding affinity up to -16.36 kcal/mol. The enhanced binding of identified compounds to tyrosinase facilitated synergistic inhibitory effects on melanin production. This study highlights the potential of GFE-EA as a source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors and contributes to understanding the role of active compounds extracted from G. formosanum.

Pharmaceutical nanosuspensions, also called nanocrystals, are heterogeneous mainly aqueous dispersions of insoluble drug particles stabilised by surfactants and/or polymers. Nanosuspensions as liquid formulations suffer from instability. Solidification of nanosuspensions to solid dosage forms is a way to combine the advantages of nanocrystals with the advantages of the solid state. In this review, advances regarding stabilisation and production of nanosuspensions are briefly covered. Updates on the methods used to convert nanosuspensions to solid oral dosage forms (e.g., powder, granules, pellets, tablets, and films) are presented in depth. From these methods, spray drying and freeze drying are widely used. Granulation and hot-melt extrusion allow straightforward downstream processing, while printing exhibits the potential for dose personalisation. Focus is given on novel formulations (e.g., nano-cocrystals, nanocrystalline solid dispersions) which could further enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.

Hazards such as pathogenic bacteria, mycotoxins, pesticides, antibiotics, heavy metal ions, etc., cause serious food safety problems worldwide due to their toxicity and frequent contamination. Rapid screening is an effective way for food safety control, which highly relies on the development of sensitive, specific, and convenient detection methods. The multicolor colorimetric biosensors based on gold nanomaterials have evolved into advanced tools for detecting various hazards in food, with intuitive readout. The excellent localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of gold nanomaterials enable them to exhibit bright colors when used as chromophores. In addition, the small changes in the morphology of gold nanomaterials can lead to significant changes in the wavelength of the LSPR peak, resulting in vivid color changes. Since the color discrimination ability of the normal human eye is usually superior to the intensity change ability, the way in which different concentrations of targets represent vivid color changes makes it feasible to fabricate sensors with improved accuracy in visual semi-quantitative detection. By combining with various signal amplification strategies, the detection sensitivity of the constructed sensors can be further improved, even reaching the level of pg/mL. In this review, two strategies for changing the morphology of gold nanomaterials in constructing multicolor colorimetric biosensors, namely the etching strategy and the growth strategy were discussed. We also highlight current progress in developing different gold nanomaterial-based multicolor colorimetric biosensors for detecting various hazards in food. The hazards in food samples are classified as pathogens, mycotoxins, indicators of food freshness, pesticides, antibiotics, heavy metal ions, food additives, and hazards from food processing and packaging. The multicolor colorimetric biosensors based on gold nanomaterials represent a promising tool for visual detection of hazardous materials in food.

Chitosan and alginate, are non-toxic and biodegradable polymers used to enhance the stability of biotherapeutics by loading them into nanocarriers. In this study, the stone fish-derived low molecular weight peptide (Ala-Leu-Gly-Pro-Gln-Phe-Tyr), exhibited an in vitro ACE-inhibitory activity of 94.43 ± 2.05% and an IC₅₀ of 0.012 ± 0.001 mM. The peptide was encapsulated via ionic gelation with alginate followed by polyelectrolyte complexation with chitosan. The resulting ACE-inhibitory peptide-loaded alginate-chitosan nanoparticles (ACE-I-ALG-CS NPs) were optimized to achieve small particle size (212.60 nm) and high encapsulation efficiency (EE, 74.48%). This was based on an optimum chitosan concentration (0.420%w/v), homogenization speed (6000 rpm), and homogenization time (30 min) using Box Behnken experimental design (BBED). Characterization of the ACE-I-ALG-CS NPs revealed a spherical, monodispersed morphology with high physicochemical stability during storage at 2 °C, 7 °C, and 12 °C for 12 weeks. Moreover, the in vivo study conducted on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) demonstrated a significantly higher (p < 0.05) systolic blood pressure (SBP)-lowering effect of the ACE-I-ALG-CS NPs compared to captopril and unencapsulated peptide. Hence, alginate and chitosan can be used as biocompatible coating materials to enhance the stability and in vivo anti-hypertensive effect of Ala-Leu-Gly-Pro-Gln-Phe-Tyr through encapsulation, thereby making it potentially valuable for various applications in pharmaceuticals and food industry.