Journal of Food and Drug Analysis最新文献

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly integrated into healthcare, yet their economic value remains uncertain. Traditional economic evaluation methods may not adequately capture the unique features of AI, including dynamic model evolution, scalability, and broader societal impacts. This systematic review synthesized existing evidence on the cost-effectiveness of AI-based healthcare interventions and assessed the methodological rigor of published studies. A comprehensive search identified health economic evaluations of AI applications published between September 2019 and March 2025, following PRISMA and SWiM guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025641230). Eligible studies were full economic evaluations comparing AI-based interventions with non-AI alternatives, and data were extracted on study characteristics, analytical methods, decision-analytic models, perspectives, outcomes, and AI-specific costs. Methodological quality was evaluated using the CHEERS checklist. A total of 52 studies from 15 countries were included, most published after 2020, focusing on diabetic retinopathy screening, cancer detection, and cardiovascular disease applications. Cost-utility analysis was the predominant method (79%), followed by cost-effectiveness analysis (15%). Nearly all studies (98%) concluded that AI-based strategies were cost-effective, cost-beneficial, or cost-saving. However, reporting of AI-specific costs was inconsistent, while over 90% of studies detailed expenses such as software licensing, per-test charges, or maintenance fees, some omitted cost information entirely, limiting comparability. Overall, AI-based healthcare interventions are generally reported as cost-effective, but methodological heterogeneity, incomplete cost reporting, and potential publication bias constrain the reliability and comparability of current evidence. Standardized economic evaluation frameworks that incorporate comprehensive cost structures and account for the evolving nature of AI are urgently needed.

Carotenoids are a diverse class of biologically active compounds that contribute significantly to human health, serving vital functions in nutrition and overall well-being. Magallana bilineata, a commercially important oyster species, yields a shelf-stable powder residue possessing bioactivities with unknown specific compounds. Carotenoids are key marine bioactive compounds, but their presence in oysters remains underexplored. The present study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds from oyster powder residue through mass spectrometry for optimum utilization and value creation as a biomedical resource. The study employed solvent extraction of oyster powder residue, followed by fractionation using octadecylsilyl (ODS) column chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-guided profiling, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-elevated energy mass spectrometry-elevated energy mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS^E) analysis to identify carotenoids, with bioactivity assays conducted to assess the cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The study obtained two HPLC fractions and enabled the identification of carotenoid compounds based on retention times and UHPLC-MS^E, with elemental compositions inferred from the observed mass-to-charge ratios. The bioactivities of the two HPLC fractions, identified as zeaxanthin in fraction 1 and a zeaxanthin/lutein isomeric mixture in fraction 2, were assessed. The zeaxanthin/lutein isomeric mixture exhibited higher effectiveness in MCF-7 cancer cell inhibition (IC₅₀ = 93.29 ± 0.07 μg/mL) than cisplatin, but both HPLC fractions showed strong antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Moreover, notable antioxidant activity was observed in both fractions for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays, while zeaxanthin demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity (43.68 ± 0.11%) comparable to aspirin (43.49 ± 0.17%). These findings suggest that the observed biological activities of the HPLC fractions may be the consequences of the adaptive response and filter-feeding behaviors of oysters, which result in the accumulation of bioactive carotenoids. This study offers a promising perspective on applying mass spectrometry techniques for advanced compound extraction and identification, and on utilizing oyster powder residue as a sustainable approach to waste valorization and as a functional ingredient for biomedical applications.

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery system represents one of the challenging strategies suggested to improve anxiety disorder therapeutic approaches, clinic challenges of delayed action, side effect-free designing and poor patient compliance. Traditional pharmacological agents can increase drug bioavailability and target specific brain regions, whereas nanoparticle-mediated controlled release offers enhanced precision and sustained action. The others in this review concentrate on several kinds of nanoparticle, including lipid-based, polymeric-metallic, and responsive nanoparticles, their use in anxiety medication. In addition, emphasis is placed on precision medicine that pertain the delivery of treatment based on an individual's genetic, environmental and lifestyle aspects. Also, it is looked into how artificial intelligence is being integrated into personalized nanoparticle formulations. Toxicity, regulatory hurdles and scalability are briefly discussed and future directions on smart and biodegradable nanoparticles are underlined. The present review highlights advantages of nanoparticle treatments and outlines a future direction of precision nanomedicine for anxiety.

Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) is a progressive and potentially fatal condition marked by high pulmonary artery pressure, resulting in heart failure and reduced oxygenation. Despite advancements in treatments, therapeutic options for PH remain limited, particularly in cases resistant to conventional therapies. In biomedical research, nanotechnology has become a potential area of study, presenting novel approaches to drug delivery and tissue targeting. Nanosponges, a class of nanoparticles with porous structures, have gained attention for their ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents, enhance drug stability, and provide controlled release. Nanosponges can be engineered to deliver vasodilators, anti-inflammatory drugs, and gene therapies directly to the pulmonary vasculature, minimizing systemic side effects and improving drug efficacy. Additionally, their unique surface properties allow for targeted delivery to specific cells or tissues involved in PH, such as the pulmonary arteries' smooth muscle and endothelial cells. This review explores the potential role of nanosponges in pulmonary hypertension, highlighting recent advances in their design and functionalization. The integration of nanosponges into PH therapy could revolutionize the treatment landscape, offering more effective and individualized treatment plans.

Bongkrekic acid (BKA) poisoning is a severe foodborne illness with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to identify BKA in postmortem tissues from poisoning victims in Taiwan and to develop a reliable analytical method for detecting BKA in biofluids to aid clinical diagnosis and treatment. BKA was identified in postmortem samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and confirmed with an independent ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. To meet clinical needs, a UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for BKA detection in plasma and urine. Method optimization included adjustments to ion source conditions for multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions and avoidance of glass vials due to BKA adsorption onto free silanol groups. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a 50-mm Hypersil Gold C18 column within a 6-min run time. The validated UHPLC-MS/MS method successfully detected BKA in biofluids, enabling its application in identifying victims of foodborne poisoning. The method demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency, facilitating timely diagnosis and aiding in treatment strategies for critically ill patients. The developed UHPLC-MS/MS method provides a reliable approach for detecting BKA in clinical and forensic settings. Its implementation enhances diagnostic capabilities, improves patient outcomes, and supports monitoring of toxin elimination in cases of BKA poisoning.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a multifactorial etiology involving genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors. Among these, circadian rhythm disruption has emerged as a crucial but under-explored contributor to disease progression. The circadian system, regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), controls essential physiological functions such as the sleep-wake cycle, metabolism, and neuroendocrine signaling. Disruption of this system has been increasingly linked to key pathological features of AD, including amyloid-beta accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. This review critically examines the mechanistic role of circadian misalignment in AD by analyzing studies on sleep disturbances, SCN degeneration, metabolic dysregulation, clock gene polymorphisms (BMAL1, CLOCK, PER, CRY), and gut-brain axis interactions. Evidence indicates that circadian abnormalities manifest as reduced melatonin secretion, impaired glymphatic clearance, and altered SCN signaling, all of which contribute to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline. Additionally, sleep deprivation has been shown to exacerbate amyloid-beta accumulation, while tau pathology can further disrupt circadian control, creating a vicious cycle. Dysregulated gut microbiota rhythms and associated metabolic changes further enhance neuroinflammatory responses, increasing AD risk. Diagnostic advances such as actigraphy, melatonin assays, and plasma biomarkers provide non-invasive methods for early detection of circadian misalignment. Therapeutic strategies targeting the circadian system-including light therapy, melatonin supplementation, and gene-based interventions-show promise in restoring circadian homeostasis and improving cognitive outcomes. Understanding and addressing circadian disruptions may offer novel and personalized approaches for delaying or mitigating Alzheimer's disease progression, highlighting the need for further research in this direction.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death globally and discovering novel therapeutic agents to treat the disease, and prevent cancer metastasis and recurrence is an urgent medical need. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) capable of self-renewal and differentiation are generally considered the cause of tumor metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance. Hence, targeting CSCs may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. GATA6, a zinc finger transcription factor, contributes to tumorigenesis in CRC and is related to cancer stemness. GATA6-overexpressing stable clones OE4 and OE6 derived from HCT116 cells were previously established and exhibited increased stemness properties. In this study, we found that OE4 and OE6 cells displayed CSC-like properties, including higher expression levels of stemness-related proteins, increased sphere forming capacity and resistance to 5-fluorouracil. OE4 and OE6 cells also showed increased glucose uptake capacity, another hallmark of CSCs. Therefore, these two cell clones were employed as a CSC-like cell model to search for potential colorectal CSC-targeting drugs. Among several compounds tested, dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an antimalarial drug, exerted better anticancer activity toward OE4 and OE6 relative to the empty vector-transfected HCT116 cells. DHA also inhibited sphere formation and impaired glucose metabolism. DHA induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, DHA also induced reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. Thus, DHA caused mitochondrial damage which was confirmed by Seahorse mitochondrial stress test. DHA also increased LC3B-II and PINK1 protein levels, indicative of autophagy/mitophagy. In conclusion, repurposing DHA may be a potential strategy against colorectal CSCs and further validation using in vivo models is warranted.

The high content of unsaturated fatty acids in avocado oil (Persea americana) has prompted in-depth exploration across research subjects. This study uses bibliometric analysis to assess global research trends on avocado oil and its fatty acid composition from 2004 to 2024. The search string retrieved 255 articles from the Scopus database and then analyzed using R BibliometriX and VOSviewer software. These tools analyze descriptive structures and collaborative patterns and create network data maps. For comparison, we separated the data into two research periods, namely 2004-2013 and 2014-2024. There was a significant increase in the number of publications, with research focuses expanding from fundamental analysis of the chemical composition of avocado oil to practical applications such as adulteration detection and therapeutic use. An increase was also seen in the number of international collaborations, authors, countries, sources, affiliations, and diversification of research topics with Latin American and European countries as the main contributors. However, there are gaps related to the variability of fatty acid composition across cultivars and long-term health effects. This study provides in-depth insights into the evolution of avocado oil research to improve the quality of life of the global population.

Jujube seed extract (JSE), rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, exhibits neuroprotective and sleep-enhancing properties. In vitro, JSE protected HT22 cells against oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and upregulating antioxidant enzymes. In vivo, JSE increased non-REM sleep and delta wave activity in pentobarbital- and caffeine-induced sleep models. Spinosin contributed to these effects. Long-term JSE administration upregulated GABA_A, GABA_B, and 5-HT_1A receptors in brain tissue. These findings suggest that JSE offers dual benefits in mitigating oxidative stress and promoting sleep through antioxidant defense and neurotransmitter modulation, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent.

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a significant economic burden globally, particularly in regions with stringent response measures. This study aims to assess the economic impact of COVID-19 in Taiwan, focusing on both direct and indirect costs. A cost-of-illness analysis was conducted, utilizing data from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (CDC), national databases, epidemiological studies, and economic surveys. The analysis included both direct costs (e.g., hospital admissions, outpatient care) and indirect costs (e.g., productivity losses due to long COVID, absenteeism, caregiving duties). The study encompassed Taiwan's population of 23.2 million, with particular attention to age-specific impacts on economic outcomes. The total economic burden of COVID-19 in Taiwan was estimated at USD 4431 million. Direct costs accounted for 24.40% (USD 1081 million), while indirect costs constituted 75.60% (USD 3350 million). The working age population bore the majority of this burden, with 88.68% (USD 3090 million) of total costs attributed to this group. Long COVID significantly contributed to the economic impact, causing a 35% reduction in productivity. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the frequency of outpatient visits among working age and elderly cohorts was a critical factor influencing overall costs. The study underscores the substantial economic burden of stringent COVID-19 policies in Taiwan, highlighting that indirect costs were nearly three times higher than direct costs. The findings emphasize the need for resilient healthcare systems and support for affected workers, particularly in regions with similar response strategies. The methodological approach offers insights that could be applied to other regions facing similar challenges.