Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.255
T. Ogunbode
In attempts to subdue the negative implications of climate change scenario globally, several drastic measures need to be put in place. One of such measures is urban reforestation especially in the developing nations where forest resources have extremely and uncontrollably exploited. Apart from some administrative centres which are provided with trees that are maintained passionately by the government through their relevant agencies, most of other cities in Africa are devoid of trees for whatever purpose. Lands are cleared to be replaced with either buildings or open spaces without any attempt of providing trees. Thus, the enormous roles which urban trees perform are lacked in these cities. In order to subdue excessive heat in these cities arising from exposure of urban land areas, which has consequential effects on the prevailing global warming, urban reforestation exercise needs to be embarked upon. This paper reviewed literatures to examine what it entails to have a sustainable reforestation programme in our cities. The work examined the characteristics of our cities, the required tree types due to poor planning characterized by most of the ancient cities and other prerequisites for a viable and productive urban reforestation programme. The implication of the exercise is the enhancement of oxygenated urban environment while the environment is decarbonized for the sustenance of ozone components of the atmosphere.
{"title":"Sustainability and Challenges of Climate Change Mitigation through Urban Reforestation: A Review","authors":"T. Ogunbode","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.255","url":null,"abstract":"In attempts to subdue the negative implications of climate change scenario globally, several drastic measures need to be put in place. One of such measures is urban reforestation especially in the developing nations where forest resources have extremely and uncontrollably exploited. Apart from some administrative centres which are provided with trees that are maintained passionately by the government through their relevant agencies, most of other cities in Africa are devoid of trees for whatever purpose. Lands are cleared to be replaced with either buildings or open spaces without any attempt of providing trees. Thus, the enormous roles which urban trees perform are lacked in these cities. In order to subdue excessive heat in these cities arising from exposure of urban land areas, which has consequential effects on the prevailing global warming, urban reforestation exercise needs to be embarked upon. This paper reviewed literatures to examine what it entails to have a sustainable reforestation programme in our cities. The work examined the characteristics of our cities, the required tree types due to poor planning characterized by most of the ancient cities and other prerequisites for a viable and productive urban reforestation programme. The implication of the exercise is the enhancement of oxygenated urban environment while the environment is decarbonized for the sustenance of ozone components of the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77785372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.264
I. Kusuma
{"title":"Curbing Deforestation and Limiting Wildlife Trade, Can We Avert the Next Pandemic?","authors":"I. Kusuma","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76256043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.262
P. Jibanjyoti, Atmaja Elina Mishra
Forest plats are good source of medicinal agent for thousands of years. Plants and their products have been the primary resource of food and medicines; a number of modern drugs have been isolated used to serve the living world. Azadirachta indica has been used as more than 4000 years due to its medicinal activity. This tree considered as a potential source of naturally occurring insecticide and pesticide. Capsules, tablets, creams, soaps, shampoos and other useful products are developed from the stems, roots, leaf and young fruits of the tree. Pongamia pinnata (karanj) well recognized to human society for its traditional system of medicine used against many diseases. All parts of this tree are traditionally used as curing agent of for bronchitis, rheumatism, diarrhoea, whooping cough, gonorrhoea, leprosy and many more. Aegle marmelos commonly known as bel is highly appreciated as aromatic plant. Leaf of this plant is reported as principal source of many numbers of chemical constituents and various therapeutic products by many researchers. Other parts are also recorded for producing compounds like; terpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, fatty acids and amino acids. The present review, three common forest plants were documented for their traditional and pharmacological activity such as; neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effect, antitumor, antidiabetic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic analgesic, antimalarial, antimicrobial activities.
{"title":"A Review on Common Forest Trees: Traditional and Pharmacological uses","authors":"P. Jibanjyoti, Atmaja Elina Mishra","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.262","url":null,"abstract":"Forest plats are good source of medicinal agent for thousands of years. Plants and their products have been the primary resource of food and medicines; a number of modern drugs have been isolated used to serve the living world. Azadirachta indica has been used as more than 4000 years due to its medicinal activity. This tree considered as a potential source of naturally occurring insecticide and pesticide. Capsules, tablets, creams, soaps, shampoos and other useful products are developed from the stems, roots, leaf and young fruits of the tree. Pongamia pinnata (karanj) well recognized to human society for its traditional system of medicine used against many diseases. All parts of this tree are traditionally used as curing agent of for bronchitis, rheumatism, diarrhoea, whooping cough, gonorrhoea, leprosy and many more. Aegle marmelos commonly known as bel is highly appreciated as aromatic plant. Leaf of this plant is reported as principal source of many numbers of chemical constituents and various therapeutic products by many researchers. Other parts are also recorded for producing compounds like; terpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins, fatty acids and amino acids. The present review, three common forest plants were documented for their traditional and pharmacological activity such as; neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effect, antitumor, antidiabetic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic analgesic, antimalarial, antimicrobial activities.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87593184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.243
M. Richard, Farrish Kw, Oswald Bp, Williams Hm, M. Maurer
A pot study was conducted to measure the establishment success of five forages under 0%, 30% or 60% shade levels. The forages evaluated were ‘Pensacola” Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge), “Texas Tough” Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.), “Alamo” switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.), “San Marcos” Eastern Gama grass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.), and a native mix containing by weight 45% “Texas” little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium Michx Nash), 15% sand love grass (Eragrostis trichodes Nutt. L. Alph. Wood), 15% “Blackwell” switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.), 10% “Lometa” Indian grass (Sorgastrum nutans L. Nash), 10% “Haskell” sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula Michx Torr) and 5% “Earl” big bluestem (Andropgon gerardii Vitman). Mean biomass under 60% shades for all forages was less than under the other shade treatments, but did not differ among shade treatments within forages. Mean nutrient tissue concentration showed significant differences among treatments and forages for several nutrients. Shade treatments had no effect on plant density, but low germination of several forages appears to have influenced plant density. Based on these results, Bahia grass, eastern Gama grass and Bermuda grass may be suitable species if maximum biomass production were the goal of a silvopasture management system in east Texas.
{"title":"Evaluation of Five East Texas Forages under Differing Shade Levels","authors":"M. Richard, Farrish Kw, Oswald Bp, Williams Hm, M. Maurer","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.243","url":null,"abstract":"A pot study was conducted to measure the establishment success of five forages under 0%, 30% or 60% shade levels. The forages evaluated were ‘Pensacola” Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge), “Texas Tough” Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.), “Alamo” switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.), “San Marcos” Eastern Gama grass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.), and a native mix containing by weight 45% “Texas” little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium Michx Nash), 15% sand love grass (Eragrostis trichodes Nutt. L. Alph. Wood), 15% “Blackwell” switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.), 10% “Lometa” Indian grass (Sorgastrum nutans L. Nash), 10% “Haskell” sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula Michx Torr) and 5% “Earl” big bluestem (Andropgon gerardii Vitman). Mean biomass under 60% shades for all forages was less than under the other shade treatments, but did not differ among shade treatments within forages. Mean nutrient tissue concentration showed significant differences among treatments and forages for several nutrients. Shade treatments had no effect on plant density, but low germination of several forages appears to have influenced plant density. Based on these results, Bahia grass, eastern Gama grass and Bermuda grass may be suitable species if maximum biomass production were the goal of a silvopasture management system in east Texas.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75725154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.263
Atmaja Elina Mishra, P. Jibanjyoti
Good sources of medicinal agents are found for 100 years in the nature in the form of tree. These species are mostly found in forest and some belongs to RET group. A number of medicines (herbal product) have been isolated from this natural sources. In this documentation three number of important tree species have been reviewed for their pharmaceutical properties. (1) Neolamarckia cadamba, belonging to family Rubiaceae, (2) Dalbergia sissoo of family Fabaceae and (3) Shorea robusta commonly known as Sal tree grouped under family Dipterocarpaceae observed for their pharmacological action. Pharmacological activity such; antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiparasitic activity, antidiabetic activity, dermatological effects, antimicrobial effect, antihepatotoxic effects, antiulcer effect, antilipidemic, antidiarrheal effect, anthelmintic activity, analgesic activity and many more were documented.
{"title":"A Compressive Review on Pharmacological Properties of Three Forest Trees","authors":"Atmaja Elina Mishra, P. Jibanjyoti","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.263","url":null,"abstract":"Good sources of medicinal agents are found for 100 years in the nature in the form of tree. These species are mostly found in forest and some belongs to RET group. A number of medicines (herbal product) have been isolated from this natural sources. In this documentation three number of important tree species have been reviewed for their pharmaceutical properties. (1) Neolamarckia cadamba, belonging to family Rubiaceae, (2) Dalbergia sissoo of family Fabaceae and (3) Shorea robusta commonly known as Sal tree grouped under family Dipterocarpaceae observed for their pharmacological action. Pharmacological activity such; antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiparasitic activity, antidiabetic activity, dermatological effects, antimicrobial effect, antihepatotoxic effects, antiulcer effect, antilipidemic, antidiarrheal effect, anthelmintic activity, analgesic activity and many more were documented.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87316244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.251
Jing Chen
By sequestering fuel in the environment and acting as a carbon trap, forests play a crucial role in battling climate change. The structure of the organisms and the carbon stock were analyzed using a standardized sampling approach over environmental gradients. In the 36 quadrant plots of 20 x 20 m each spread along transect lines, data was collected. Breast diameter ≥ 5cm and overall measured height for each tree in the main map. Using the allometric equation, above and below land biomass was measured, while the litter carbon was estimated as carbon by taking 50 percent of dry biomass. Soil samples were obtained using an auguring process and carbon was analyzed using the Walkley-Black method, while bulk density was analyzed using the oven-dried method. The data was analyzed using R software's one-way ANOVA. The carbon stocks showed distinct differences in environmental gradients in the aboveground, belowground, litter biomass and soil organic carbon. The carbon stock above and below ground has shown a declining pattern along with rising altitude, although organic soil carbon and liter carbon showed a rising pattern along with altitude rise. The mean above and below field carbon stocks were respectively 156.60 t C ha-1 and 31.32 t C ha-1 while the stocks of litter carbon and soil organic carbon were respectively 2.72 t C ha-1 and 125.86 t C ha-1. The Gara-Mukitar forest's overall carbon stock density was found to be 316.6±67.15 t C ha-11. Similarly, in the above ground biomass, 49.5 percent of carbon was found, 9.9 percent in underground biomass, 0.9 percent in litter carbon and 39.8 percent in soil organic carbon (0-30 cm deep).
通过将燃料隔离在环境中并充当碳捕集器，森林在应对气候变化方面发挥着至关重要的作用。采用标准化采样方法对环境梯度上的生物结构和碳储量进行了分析。在沿样线分布20 × 20 m的36个象限图中采集数据。主图中每棵树的胸径≥5cm和总体测量高度。利用异速生长方程，测量了地上和地下的生物量，而凋落物碳则以占干生物量的50%来估算。土壤样品采用气相法获取，碳含量采用Walkley-Black法分析，容重采用烘箱干燥法分析。数据分析采用R软件的单因素方差分析。碳储量在地上、地下、凋落物生物量和土壤有机碳等环境梯度上存在显著差异。地表和地下碳储量随海拔升高呈下降趋势，土壤有机碳和升碳随海拔升高呈上升趋势。地上、地下平均碳储量分别为156.60 t C ha-1和31.32 t C ha-1，凋落物碳储量和土壤有机碳储量分别为2.72 t C ha-1和125.86 t C ha-1。结果表明，加拉-木基塔尔森林的总碳储量密度为316.6±67.15 t C ha-11。同样，在地上生物量中，碳含量为49.5%，地下生物量为9.9%，凋落物碳含量为0.9%，土壤有机碳含量为39.8%(0-30厘米深)。
{"title":"Editorial Note on Variation of carbon stock over altitudinal and slope gradients","authors":"Jing Chen","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.251","url":null,"abstract":"By sequestering fuel in the environment and acting as a carbon trap, forests play a crucial role in battling climate change. The structure of the organisms and the carbon stock were analyzed using a standardized sampling approach over environmental gradients. In the 36 quadrant plots of 20 x 20 m each spread along transect lines, data was collected. Breast diameter ≥ 5cm and overall measured height for each tree in the main map. Using the allometric equation, above and below land biomass was measured, while the litter carbon was estimated as carbon by taking 50 percent of dry biomass. Soil samples were obtained using an auguring process and carbon was analyzed using the Walkley-Black method, while bulk density was analyzed using the oven-dried method. The data was analyzed using R software's one-way ANOVA. The carbon stocks showed distinct differences in environmental gradients in the aboveground, belowground, litter biomass and soil organic carbon. The carbon stock above and below ground has shown a declining pattern along with rising altitude, although organic soil carbon and liter carbon showed a rising pattern along with altitude rise. The mean above and below field carbon stocks were respectively 156.60 t C ha-1 and 31.32 t C ha-1 while the stocks of litter carbon and soil organic carbon were respectively 2.72 t C ha-1 and 125.86 t C ha-1. The Gara-Mukitar forest's overall carbon stock density was found to be 316.6±67.15 t C ha-11. Similarly, in the above ground biomass, 49.5 percent of carbon was found, 9.9 percent in underground biomass, 0.9 percent in litter carbon and 39.8 percent in soil organic carbon (0-30 cm deep).","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"83 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83887308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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