Pub Date : 2017-04-05DOI: 10.4172/2168-9776.1000153
M. Pramanik
This paper quantifies the changes and present status of mangrove forest in Indian part of Sundarban from 1975 to 2014 using Landsat MSS (1975), TM (1990), ETM (2002) and OLM (2014) satellite imageries. The study used two image processing techniques: Maximum Likelihood Classification for the Land use and land cover analysis and NDVI for the vegetation characteristics and their temporal changes. The research found that the area of mangrove gradually decreases from 203752 hector (44%) to 132723 hector (31 %) and the barren land increases from 15078 hector (2.86 %) to 37247 hector (7.12%) due to natural ( sea level rise, salinization etc.) and anthropogenic (livelihood collection and shrimp farming etc.) disturbances and continuous land reclamation. Other land use categories like agriculture, water body, and sand deposition have approximately remained constant. The NDVI values were changed significantly only in 1990 due to the landward migration and defragmentation of mangrove forest. However, the paper signifies that the forest cover is constantly evolving due to deforestation, aggradation, erosion and forest rehabilitation programs in the Indian Sundarban.
{"title":"CHANGES AND STATUS OF MANGROVE HABITAT IN GANGES DELTA: CASE STUDY IN INDIAN PART OF SUNDARBANS","authors":"M. Pramanik","doi":"10.4172/2168-9776.1000153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000153","url":null,"abstract":"This paper quantifies the changes and present status of mangrove forest in Indian part of Sundarban from 1975 to 2014 using Landsat MSS (1975), TM (1990), ETM (2002) and OLM (2014) satellite imageries. The study used two image processing techniques: Maximum Likelihood Classification for the Land use and land cover analysis and NDVI for the vegetation characteristics and their temporal changes. The research found that the area of mangrove gradually decreases from 203752 hector (44%) to 132723 hector (31 %) and the barren land increases from 15078 hector (2.86 %) to 37247 hector (7.12%) due to natural ( sea level rise, salinization etc.) and anthropogenic (livelihood collection and shrimp farming etc.) disturbances and continuous land reclamation. Other land use categories like agriculture, water body, and sand deposition have approximately remained constant. The NDVI values were changed significantly only in 1990 due to the landward migration and defragmentation of mangrove forest. However, the paper signifies that the forest cover is constantly evolving due to deforestation, aggradation, erosion and forest rehabilitation programs in the Indian Sundarban.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90976257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-04DOI: 10.4172/2168-9776.1000198
Richard Muchena
The total carbon pool in dry Miombo ecosystems is often underestimated. This study sought to close this gap by modelling the relationship between the above ground fresh woody biomass carbon pool and the soil carbon pool using both ground based methods and remote sensing methods. A total of thirty (30 m × 30 m) plots were randomly selected within the study area. Tree height and diameter at breast height (dbh) are the vegetation characteristics, which were measured in the present study. These variables were later used to calculate the above ground fresh biomass carbon per hectare. Soil samples were randomly collected from five points within the plots. The soil samples were analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC). Three remotely sensed vegetation indices are-Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), which were calculated using geometrically and radiometrically corrected Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite images. Correlation and regression analysis were used to quantify the relationship between SOC, above ground fresh woody biomass carbon and remotely sensed vegetation indices. Results showed that, above ground fresh woody biomass carbon was significantly related to SOC in the top soil layer (0-15 cm) and not the deeper soil layer (15-30 cm). The significant positive relationship between above ground fresh woody biomass carbon and SOC suggests that, above ground fresh woody biomass carbon can be used as a proxy to estimate SOC in the top soil layer (0-15 cm) in dry Miombo ecosystems. Remotely sensed vegetation indices were not significantly (p>0.05) related to the SOC regardless of depth. This result implies that further work is needed before multi-spectral optical remote sensing can be used as a tool to estimate SOC in dry Miombo ecosystems.
Miombo干旱生态系统的总碳库常常被低估。本研究试图通过利用地面方法和遥感方法模拟地面上新鲜木质生物量碳库与土壤碳库之间的关系来缩小这一差距。在研究区内随机选取30个(30 m × 30 m)样地。树高和胸径(dbh)是本研究测量的植被特征。这些变量后来被用来计算每公顷地上新鲜生物量碳。在地块内的5个点随机采集土壤样本。对土壤样品进行土壤有机碳(SOC)分析。利用几何校正和辐射校正后的Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)卫星影像，计算了3个遥感植被指数:比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)和土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)。利用相关回归分析定量分析了土壤有机碳、地上新鲜木质生物量碳与遥感植被指数之间的关系。结果表明，地上新鲜木质生物量碳与土壤有机碳在表层(0 ~ 15 cm)显著相关，深层(15 ~ 30 cm)不显著。地上新鲜木本生物量碳与土壤有机碳呈显著正相关，表明地上新鲜木本生物量碳可作为干旱苗波生态系统表层(0 ~ 15 cm)土壤有机碳的代用指标。遥感植被指数与土壤有机碳的相关性不显著(p>0.05)。这一结果表明，要将多光谱光学遥感作为估算Miombo干旱生态系统有机碳的工具，还需要进一步的工作。
{"title":"Estimating Soil Carbon Stocks in a Dry Miombo Ecosystem Using Remote Sensing","authors":"Richard Muchena","doi":"10.4172/2168-9776.1000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000198","url":null,"abstract":"The total carbon pool in dry Miombo ecosystems is often underestimated. This study sought to close this gap by modelling the relationship between the above ground fresh woody biomass carbon pool and the soil carbon pool using both ground based methods and remote sensing methods. A total of thirty (30 m × 30 m) plots were randomly selected within the study area. Tree height and diameter at breast height (dbh) are the vegetation characteristics, which were measured in the present study. These variables were later used to calculate the above ground fresh biomass carbon per hectare. Soil samples were randomly collected from five points within the plots. The soil samples were analyzed for soil organic carbon (SOC). Three remotely sensed vegetation indices are-Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), which were calculated using geometrically and radiometrically corrected Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite images. Correlation and regression analysis were used to quantify the relationship between SOC, above ground fresh woody biomass carbon and remotely sensed vegetation indices. Results showed that, above ground fresh woody biomass carbon was significantly related to SOC in the top soil layer (0-15 cm) and not the deeper soil layer (15-30 cm). The significant positive relationship between above ground fresh woody biomass carbon and SOC suggests that, above ground fresh woody biomass carbon can be used as a proxy to estimate SOC in the top soil layer (0-15 cm) in dry Miombo ecosystems. Remotely sensed vegetation indices were not significantly (p>0.05) related to the SOC regardless of depth. This result implies that further work is needed before multi-spectral optical remote sensing can be used as a tool to estimate SOC in dry Miombo ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81781615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9776.1000199
A. H. S. Kouchi, fereshteh moradian fard, T. R. Shahraji, Y. Iranmanesh
This study was carried out to investigate above-ground biomass of white poplar (Populous alba L.) plantations by four different plant spacing (0.5 × 0.5, 1 × 1, 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 m) in south west of Iran. After taking inventory, 10 trees were selected from each density section at one-hectare area (totally 40 stems). The tree's characteristics including diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, and crown diameter were measured. Then measured trees were felled down in order to measure the wet and dry weight of their different organs. After sampling from all the parts, carbon stock in the structure of this biomass species was obtained and the results showed that the most amount of biomass among the components per hectare is related to the bole wood and most amounts of biomass was related to the 0.5 × 0.5 m and 1 × 1 m planting spaces.
{"title":"Biomass and Carbon Allocation of 10-Year-Old Poplars (Populous alba L.) Plantations in the South West of Iran","authors":"A. H. S. Kouchi, fereshteh moradian fard, T. R. Shahraji, Y. Iranmanesh","doi":"10.4172/2168-9776.1000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000199","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate above-ground biomass of white poplar (Populous alba L.) plantations by four different plant spacing (0.5 × 0.5, 1 × 1, 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 m) in south west of Iran. After taking inventory, 10 trees were selected from each density section at one-hectare area (totally 40 stems). The tree's characteristics including diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, and crown diameter were measured. Then measured trees were felled down in order to measure the wet and dry weight of their different organs. After sampling from all the parts, carbon stock in the structure of this biomass species was obtained and the results showed that the most amount of biomass among the components per hectare is related to the bole wood and most amounts of biomass was related to the 0.5 × 0.5 m and 1 × 1 m planting spaces.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83283137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9776.1000201
B. Divakara
An evaluation of 100 genotypes of Jatropha curcas L. was carried out to assess variability and character association and to identify diverse genotypes with superior growth traits. Variability studies revealed that, 39 accessions performed better in terms of above average values for volume index (479.41 cm3), indicating better vigor of the plants. Genotypes IC 555380, IC 555381, IC 555379, IC 569133 were found to be superior on the basis of plant height (100.34 cm), collar diameter (3.59 cm), number of branches (3.34) and volume index (1054.91 cm3) respectively. A wide range of variation was observed for plant height (41.11-100.34 cm), collar diameter (1.95-3.59 cm), branch number (1.36-3.34) and volume index (172.10-1045.91 cm3). Estimates of broad sense heritability ranged from 5.28 to 29.78%, genetic advance in percent of the mean ranged between 4.24 and 32.82 with number of branches giving the lowest value and volume index giving the highest value. All the growth traits showed positive significant correlation at both genetic and phenotypic levels with volume index. Path analysis of growth traits revealed that the height (0.719) is the most pronounced trait contributing directly to volume index followed by collar diameter (0.206) and number of branches (0.110). Diversity analysis using Mahalanobis D2 resulted in 7 clusters. Genotypes in cluster 2,3,4,5, and 6 have combination of desirable traits and can be directly selected for further improvement.
{"title":"Assessing Variability and Divergence of Jatropha curcas Linn. Germplasm Under Ex-situ Conditions","authors":"B. Divakara","doi":"10.4172/2168-9776.1000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000201","url":null,"abstract":"An evaluation of 100 genotypes of Jatropha curcas L. was carried out to assess variability and character association and to identify diverse genotypes with superior growth traits. Variability studies revealed that, 39 accessions performed better in terms of above average values for volume index (479.41 cm3), indicating better vigor of the plants. Genotypes IC 555380, IC 555381, IC 555379, IC 569133 were found to be superior on the basis of plant height (100.34 cm), collar diameter (3.59 cm), number of branches (3.34) and volume index (1054.91 cm3) respectively. A wide range of variation was observed for plant height (41.11-100.34 cm), collar diameter (1.95-3.59 cm), branch number (1.36-3.34) and volume index (172.10-1045.91 cm3). Estimates of broad sense heritability ranged from 5.28 to 29.78%, genetic advance in percent of the mean ranged between 4.24 and 32.82 with number of branches giving the lowest value and volume index giving the highest value. All the growth traits showed positive significant correlation at both genetic and phenotypic levels with volume index. Path analysis of growth traits revealed that the height (0.719) is the most pronounced trait contributing directly to volume index followed by collar diameter (0.206) and number of branches (0.110). Diversity analysis using Mahalanobis D2 resulted in 7 clusters. Genotypes in cluster 2,3,4,5, and 6 have combination of desirable traits and can be directly selected for further improvement.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"87 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91110659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-31DOI: 10.4172/2168-9776.1000196
A. Afe
This work covers the process of making Ethanol from wood dust instead of starchy biomass which could be meant for food or instead of overdependence on hydrocarbon source. The saw dust of Gmelina arborea was collected in a saw mill in Ore, Ondo State, Nigeria and it was used to produce ethanol by hydrolysis and fermentation processes. The density of the wood species was 570 kg/m3. The ionic constituents of the ethanol from the wood biomass were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometric Analyzer (FTIR) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Analyzer (AAS). The AAS result shows that the ethanol obtained from the wood species contains transition metals like Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) while the FTIR results show the presence of ethanol functional groups such as OH, Carbon to carbon single covalent bond which and these are normal components of ethanol in the conventional ethanol.
{"title":"Significance of Ethanol Product of Gmelina arborea","authors":"A. Afe","doi":"10.4172/2168-9776.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"This work covers the process of making Ethanol from wood dust instead of starchy biomass which could be meant for food or instead of overdependence on hydrocarbon source. The saw dust of Gmelina arborea was collected in a saw mill in Ore, Ondo State, Nigeria and it was used to produce ethanol by hydrolysis and fermentation processes. The density of the wood species was 570 kg/m3. The ionic constituents of the ethanol from the wood biomass were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometric Analyzer (FTIR) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Analyzer (AAS). The AAS result shows that the ethanol obtained from the wood species contains transition metals like Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) while the FTIR results show the presence of ethanol functional groups such as OH, Carbon to carbon single covalent bond which and these are normal components of ethanol in the conventional ethanol.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77213854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-17DOI: 10.4172/2168-9776.1000195
Amirhossein Firuzan, S. Hashemi
Cadmium is an unnecessary and toxic element for plants which enters the soil through different human activities. Heavy elements such as cadmium produced by urban, industrial and agricultural main activities lead to the contamination of water resources. On the other hand, given the increasing need for afforestation in Iran, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive research on fast-growing Populous species and the role of these plants in absorbing heavy metals, including cadmium. For this reason, using Populous seedlings in two control and contaminated areas, the accumulation rate of cadmium metal in the air and ground areas was tested. After the data collection, results were calculated using ANOVA test. The cadmium metal accumulation rate in the contaminated areas of the leave, stem and root is 86 mg/kg, 94 mg/kg and 67 mg/kg, respectively and also the amount of cadmium metal in soil in the depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm is 43 mg/kg and 28 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the results obtained from the research, Populous is a species relatively suitable for the accumulation of cadmium in the contaminated soils.
{"title":"Analyzing Populous Seedling Resistance towards Heavy Metal Contamination","authors":"Amirhossein Firuzan, S. Hashemi","doi":"10.4172/2168-9776.1000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000195","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium is an unnecessary and toxic element for plants which enters the soil through different human activities. Heavy elements such as cadmium produced by urban, industrial and agricultural main activities lead to the contamination of water resources. On the other hand, given the increasing need for afforestation in Iran, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive research on fast-growing Populous species and the role of these plants in absorbing heavy metals, including cadmium. For this reason, using Populous seedlings in two control and contaminated areas, the accumulation rate of cadmium metal in the air and ground areas was tested. After the data collection, results were calculated using ANOVA test. The cadmium metal accumulation rate in the contaminated areas of the leave, stem and root is 86 mg/kg, 94 mg/kg and 67 mg/kg, respectively and also the amount of cadmium metal in soil in the depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm is 43 mg/kg and 28 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the results obtained from the research, Populous is a species relatively suitable for the accumulation of cadmium in the contaminated soils.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84272091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-19DOI: 10.4172/2168-9776.1000194
Christy L. Christian, B. Oswald, H. Williams, K. Farrish
Reclamation of surface mines to plantation forests is a management option that reestablishes both economic and ecological functions after mining. This study investigated vegetative community characteristics (composition, richness, importance) over time in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations established over a thirty-year period on reclaimed lignite coal surface mine land in East Texas, United States. The open landscape of newly planted loblolly pine plantations on reclaimed mine land was amenable to shade-intolerant herbaceous and grass species but, when the canopy closed, favored woody species (trees, shrubs, vines) within two decades after stand establishment. Given that these plantations were established on sites generally described as dry to mesic uplands, species composition was generally congruent with East Texas ecology. Community composition, species richness and species importance were discussed, and loblolly pine growth data and vegetative community characteristics of unmined loblolly pine plantation sites in East Texas were compared to reclaimed sites. Surface mined lands reclaimed to plantation forests are ideal locations to conduct further research on how biodiversity and other ecosystems services can be improved while maintaining intended economic and ecological purposes.
{"title":"Vegetative Community Development Over 30 Years within Pine Plantations on Reclaimed Mine Land in East","authors":"Christy L. Christian, B. Oswald, H. Williams, K. Farrish","doi":"10.4172/2168-9776.1000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000194","url":null,"abstract":"Reclamation of surface mines to plantation forests is a management option that reestablishes both economic and ecological functions after mining. This study investigated vegetative community characteristics (composition, richness, importance) over time in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations established over a thirty-year period on reclaimed lignite coal surface mine land in East Texas, United States. The open landscape of newly planted loblolly pine plantations on reclaimed mine land was amenable to shade-intolerant herbaceous and grass species but, when the canopy closed, favored woody species (trees, shrubs, vines) within two decades after stand establishment. Given that these plantations were established on sites generally described as dry to mesic uplands, species composition was generally congruent with East Texas ecology. Community composition, species richness and species importance were discussed, and loblolly pine growth data and vegetative community characteristics of unmined loblolly pine plantation sites in East Texas were compared to reclaimed sites. Surface mined lands reclaimed to plantation forests are ideal locations to conduct further research on how biodiversity and other ecosystems services can be improved while maintaining intended economic and ecological purposes.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82671703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9776.1000192
S. Rani, A. Rajasekaran, D. Benbi, S. Chauhan
The present study is the outcome of socio-economic diagnosis of traditional as well as commercial agroforestry practices followed by farmers in north western region of Punjab state, India. Tree species like P. deltoides, E. tereticornis and T. grandis are the main species of commercial agroforestry system, whereas, agricultural crops are grown traditionally. Simultaneously economics of P. pyrifolia based orchid was also included for evaluation. Results showed that tree based land use systems are economically viable and more profitable than pure agricultural crops. Highest B:C ratio was recorded in pure E. tereticornis plantations (3.30) after 5 years. Simultaneously higher B:C ratio (2.02) was recorded in P. deltoides+T. aestivum crop based land use system followed by T. grandis plantations (2.06), T. aestivum+O. sativa (1.89), T. aestivum+P. glaucum+fruit crop (1.72), B. napus+fruit crop (1.56) and B. napus+O. sativa (1.27) during period of study. E. tereticornis and P. deltoids based land use systems are economically viable and more profitable than other land use systems in this study area of Punjab. These land-use systems have also provided additional revenue and generated on farm employment opportunities.
本研究是对印度旁遮普邦西北地区农民采用的传统和商业农林业做法进行社会经济诊断的结果。商业农林复合系统的主要树种是三角木(P. deltoides)、三角角木(E. tereticornis)和大角木(T. grandis)等树种，而传统上种植的则是农作物。同时，还对梨叶兰花的经济效益进行了评价。结果表明，以树木为基础的土地利用系统在经济上是可行的，比纯农业作物更有利可图。B:C比值在5年后最高，为3.30。同时，P. deltoides+T的B:C比值较高，为2.02。以柽柳作物为基础的土地利用系统，其次是大柽柳人工林(2.06)、柽柳+ 0。sativa (1.89)， T. aestivum+P。甘蓝菌+水果作物(1.72)、甘蓝菌+水果作物(1.56)和甘蓝菌+O。研究期间Sativa(1.27)。在旁遮普的研究区域，以三角角蕨和三角角蕨为基础的土地利用系统在经济上是可行的，比其他土地利用系统更有利可图。这些土地使用制度也提供了额外的收入，并创造了农业就业机会。
{"title":"Economic Evaluation of Different Land Use Systems in North Western Region of Punjab, India","authors":"S. Rani, A. Rajasekaran, D. Benbi, S. Chauhan","doi":"10.4172/2168-9776.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is the outcome of socio-economic diagnosis of traditional as well as commercial agroforestry practices followed by farmers in north western region of Punjab state, India. Tree species like P. deltoides, E. tereticornis and T. grandis are the main species of commercial agroforestry system, whereas, agricultural crops are grown traditionally. Simultaneously economics of P. pyrifolia based orchid was also included for evaluation. Results showed that tree based land use systems are economically viable and more profitable than pure agricultural crops. Highest B:C ratio was recorded in pure E. tereticornis plantations (3.30) after 5 years. Simultaneously higher B:C ratio (2.02) was recorded in P. deltoides+T. aestivum crop based land use system followed by T. grandis plantations (2.06), T. aestivum+O. sativa (1.89), T. aestivum+P. glaucum+fruit crop (1.72), B. napus+fruit crop (1.56) and B. napus+O. sativa (1.27) during period of study. E. tereticornis and P. deltoids based land use systems are economically viable and more profitable than other land use systems in this study area of Punjab. These land-use systems have also provided additional revenue and generated on farm employment opportunities.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86610162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9776.1000212
Zeneli G, Kola H
Coppice forests are widespread throughout Europe, but in Western Balkan countries these coppice forests play an especially vital role in the everyday lives of their inhabitants. In the Western Balkan region firewood still plays a major role in cooking and interior heating, with about two-thirds of the population using firewood to stay warm rather than using electrical heating. This paper will be an analysis of the current situation of coppice forests in the Western Balkan region and the opportunities that may be available to the region. The paper will look at the policies implemented in the region and the effects they have had on the activities related to coppice forests in the countries of Albania, Kosovo, and Macedonia. The main focus of this paper will be on how Oak coppice forests can help improve the Western Balkan region economies. The limited size and ownership of private forests allow for coppice forests to become an economic asset for rural areas. The integration of traditional practices and new scientific management practices lead to an increase in coppice forests in the region.
{"title":"Coppice Forests: Can Traditional Coppice Forest Management Help the Western Balkan Region?","authors":"Zeneli G, Kola H","doi":"10.4172/2168-9776.1000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.1000212","url":null,"abstract":"Coppice forests are widespread throughout Europe, but in Western Balkan countries these coppice forests play an especially vital role in the everyday lives of their inhabitants. In the Western Balkan region firewood still plays a major role in cooking and interior heating, with about two-thirds of the population using firewood to stay warm rather than using electrical heating. This paper will be an analysis of the current situation of coppice forests in the Western Balkan region and the opportunities that may be available to the region. The paper will look at the policies implemented in the region and the effects they have had on the activities related to coppice forests in the countries of Albania, Kosovo, and Macedonia. The main focus of this paper will be on how Oak coppice forests can help improve the Western Balkan region economies. The limited size and ownership of private forests allow for coppice forests to become an economic asset for rural areas. The integration of traditional practices and new scientific management practices lead to an increase in coppice forests in the region.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"71 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75594568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2168-9776.100213
Hama Ba F, S. N., P. B., I. A., Maundu P, Diawara B
Generation of improved data on biodiverse foods for nutrition required that nutrient composition data be paired with proper botanical identification of species. This study assessed the nutrient content of ten wild vegetable species within and outside forested area in Burkina Faso. The ten-vegetable species included: Adansonia digitata L., Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Boerhavia diffusa L., Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn., Cerathoteca sesamoides Endl., Crataeva religiosa Sieber, Ficus ovata Vahl, Moringa oleifera Lam., Strycnos spinosa Lam. and Vitex doniana Sweet. Additionally, the nutrient content for each of the species was compared for specimens collected within and outside forested areas. The iron levels ranged between 3.9-107.9 mg/100 g dry weight, the zinc levels from 11-22 mg/100 g dry weight, and the calcium levels from 25-4637 mg/100 g dry weight. The beta carotene levels were between 0 and 1772 μg/100 g dry weight and the protein levels between 6.6 and 26.4 g/100 g dry weight. The variation between species was often greater than the variation between sites, for a given species. However, large differences in nutrient content between collection sites were seen in many species for many nutrients. Across all species, calcium and protein tended to be higher in forested areas while zinc and iron tended to be lower and beta carotene was highly variable. We sought to better understand the impact of ecosystems services from forests on nutrient composition. Given our modest sample size and the high levels of variation in nutrient content it was difficult to draw conclusions from our results. Despite this, it is increasing clear that wild and traditional African leafy vegetables can play an important role in meeting the international recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake.
{"title":"Micronutrient Content of Wild Vegetable Species Harvested in Forested and Non-Forested Areas in Southwest Burkina Faso","authors":"Hama Ba F, S. N., P. B., I. A., Maundu P, Diawara B","doi":"10.4172/2168-9776.100213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9776.100213","url":null,"abstract":"Generation of improved data on biodiverse foods for nutrition required that nutrient composition data be paired with proper botanical identification of species. This study assessed the nutrient content of ten wild vegetable species within and outside forested area in Burkina Faso. The ten-vegetable species included: Adansonia digitata L., Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Boerhavia diffusa L., Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn., Cerathoteca sesamoides Endl., Crataeva religiosa Sieber, Ficus ovata Vahl, Moringa oleifera Lam., Strycnos spinosa Lam. and Vitex doniana Sweet. Additionally, the nutrient content for each of the species was compared for specimens collected within and outside forested areas. The iron levels ranged between 3.9-107.9 mg/100 g dry weight, the zinc levels from 11-22 mg/100 g dry weight, and the calcium levels from 25-4637 mg/100 g dry weight. The beta carotene levels were between 0 and 1772 μg/100 g dry weight and the protein levels between 6.6 and 26.4 g/100 g dry weight. The variation between species was often greater than the variation between sites, for a given species. However, large differences in nutrient content between collection sites were seen in many species for many nutrients. Across all species, calcium and protein tended to be higher in forested areas while zinc and iron tended to be lower and beta carotene was highly variable. We sought to better understand the impact of ecosystems services from forests on nutrient composition. Given our modest sample size and the high levels of variation in nutrient content it was difficult to draw conclusions from our results. Despite this, it is increasing clear that wild and traditional African leafy vegetables can play an important role in meeting the international recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83177194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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