Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.263
Atmaja Elina Mishra, P. Jibanjyoti
Good sources of medicinal agents are found for 100 years in the nature in the form of tree. These species are mostly found in forest and some belongs to RET group. A number of medicines (herbal product) have been isolated from this natural sources. In this documentation three number of important tree species have been reviewed for their pharmaceutical properties. (1) Neolamarckia cadamba, belonging to family Rubiaceae, (2) Dalbergia sissoo of family Fabaceae and (3) Shorea robusta commonly known as Sal tree grouped under family Dipterocarpaceae observed for their pharmacological action. Pharmacological activity such; antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiparasitic activity, antidiabetic activity, dermatological effects, antimicrobial effect, antihepatotoxic effects, antiulcer effect, antilipidemic, antidiarrheal effect, anthelmintic activity, analgesic activity and many more were documented.
{"title":"A Compressive Review on Pharmacological Properties of Three Forest Trees","authors":"Atmaja Elina Mishra, P. Jibanjyoti","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.263","url":null,"abstract":"Good sources of medicinal agents are found for 100 years in the nature in the form of tree. These species are mostly found in forest and some belongs to RET group. A number of medicines (herbal product) have been isolated from this natural sources. In this documentation three number of important tree species have been reviewed for their pharmaceutical properties. (1) Neolamarckia cadamba, belonging to family Rubiaceae, (2) Dalbergia sissoo of family Fabaceae and (3) Shorea robusta commonly known as Sal tree grouped under family Dipterocarpaceae observed for their pharmacological action. Pharmacological activity such; antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiparasitic activity, antidiabetic activity, dermatological effects, antimicrobial effect, antihepatotoxic effects, antiulcer effect, antilipidemic, antidiarrheal effect, anthelmintic activity, analgesic activity and many more were documented.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87316244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.278
G. Sravani
{"title":"Applications of Fungi: An Overview","authors":"G. Sravani","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"85 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77764755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.279
G. Sravani
{"title":"Conservation and Protection of Forest","authors":"G. Sravani","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"97 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80052339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.251
Jing Chen
By sequestering fuel in the environment and acting as a carbon trap, forests play a crucial role in battling climate change. The structure of the organisms and the carbon stock were analyzed using a standardized sampling approach over environmental gradients. In the 36 quadrant plots of 20 x 20 m each spread along transect lines, data was collected. Breast diameter ≥ 5cm and overall measured height for each tree in the main map. Using the allometric equation, above and below land biomass was measured, while the litter carbon was estimated as carbon by taking 50 percent of dry biomass. Soil samples were obtained using an auguring process and carbon was analyzed using the Walkley-Black method, while bulk density was analyzed using the oven-dried method. The data was analyzed using R software's one-way ANOVA. The carbon stocks showed distinct differences in environmental gradients in the aboveground, belowground, litter biomass and soil organic carbon. The carbon stock above and below ground has shown a declining pattern along with rising altitude, although organic soil carbon and liter carbon showed a rising pattern along with altitude rise. The mean above and below field carbon stocks were respectively 156.60 t C ha-1 and 31.32 t C ha-1 while the stocks of litter carbon and soil organic carbon were respectively 2.72 t C ha-1 and 125.86 t C ha-1. The Gara-Mukitar forest's overall carbon stock density was found to be 316.6±67.15 t C ha-11. Similarly, in the above ground biomass, 49.5 percent of carbon was found, 9.9 percent in underground biomass, 0.9 percent in litter carbon and 39.8 percent in soil organic carbon (0-30 cm deep).
通过将燃料隔离在环境中并充当碳捕集器，森林在应对气候变化方面发挥着至关重要的作用。采用标准化采样方法对环境梯度上的生物结构和碳储量进行了分析。在沿样线分布20 × 20 m的36个象限图中采集数据。主图中每棵树的胸径≥5cm和总体测量高度。利用异速生长方程，测量了地上和地下的生物量，而凋落物碳则以占干生物量的50%来估算。土壤样品采用气相法获取，碳含量采用Walkley-Black法分析，容重采用烘箱干燥法分析。数据分析采用R软件的单因素方差分析。碳储量在地上、地下、凋落物生物量和土壤有机碳等环境梯度上存在显著差异。地表和地下碳储量随海拔升高呈下降趋势，土壤有机碳和升碳随海拔升高呈上升趋势。地上、地下平均碳储量分别为156.60 t C ha-1和31.32 t C ha-1，凋落物碳储量和土壤有机碳储量分别为2.72 t C ha-1和125.86 t C ha-1。结果表明，加拉-木基塔尔森林的总碳储量密度为316.6±67.15 t C ha-11。同样，在地上生物量中，碳含量为49.5%，地下生物量为9.9%，凋落物碳含量为0.9%，土壤有机碳含量为39.8%(0-30厘米深)。
{"title":"Editorial Note on Variation of carbon stock over altitudinal and slope gradients","authors":"Jing Chen","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.251","url":null,"abstract":"By sequestering fuel in the environment and acting as a carbon trap, forests play a crucial role in battling climate change. The structure of the organisms and the carbon stock were analyzed using a standardized sampling approach over environmental gradients. In the 36 quadrant plots of 20 x 20 m each spread along transect lines, data was collected. Breast diameter ≥ 5cm and overall measured height for each tree in the main map. Using the allometric equation, above and below land biomass was measured, while the litter carbon was estimated as carbon by taking 50 percent of dry biomass. Soil samples were obtained using an auguring process and carbon was analyzed using the Walkley-Black method, while bulk density was analyzed using the oven-dried method. The data was analyzed using R software's one-way ANOVA. The carbon stocks showed distinct differences in environmental gradients in the aboveground, belowground, litter biomass and soil organic carbon. The carbon stock above and below ground has shown a declining pattern along with rising altitude, although organic soil carbon and liter carbon showed a rising pattern along with altitude rise. The mean above and below field carbon stocks were respectively 156.60 t C ha-1 and 31.32 t C ha-1 while the stocks of litter carbon and soil organic carbon were respectively 2.72 t C ha-1 and 125.86 t C ha-1. The Gara-Mukitar forest's overall carbon stock density was found to be 316.6±67.15 t C ha-11. Similarly, in the above ground biomass, 49.5 percent of carbon was found, 9.9 percent in underground biomass, 0.9 percent in litter carbon and 39.8 percent in soil organic carbon (0-30 cm deep).","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"83 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83887308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.249
H. Bhusan
The sophistication of forest structures plays a key role in controlling the roles of forest ecosystems and has a strong impact on biodiversity. Yet, knowledge of global forest structural complexity dynamics and determinants remains scarce. We measure the structural complexity of boreal complexity using a structural complexity index based on terrestrial laser scanning, temperate, subtropical and tropical primary forests. We find that annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality (R2 = 0.89) is primarily explained by the global heterogeneity in forest structural complexity. We model the potential structural complexity across biomes using the structural complexity of primary forests as a benchmark and present a global map of the potential structural complexity of the Eco regions of the Earth's forest. Our studies show distinct latitudinal trends of forest structure and illustrate that high structural complexity hotspots correlate with plant diversity hotspots. Our findings propose spatially comparing shifts in forest structure with climate change within and through biomes, taking into account the mechanistic underpinnings of forest structural complexity. The To help forecast how biodiversity
{"title":"Editorial Note on Global Forest Simulations and Climate Controls","authors":"H. Bhusan","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.249","url":null,"abstract":"The sophistication of forest structures plays a key role in controlling the roles of forest ecosystems and has a strong impact on biodiversity. Yet, knowledge of global forest structural complexity dynamics and determinants remains scarce. We measure the structural complexity of boreal complexity using a structural complexity index based on terrestrial laser scanning, temperate, subtropical and tropical primary forests. We find that annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality (R2 = 0.89) is primarily explained by the global heterogeneity in forest structural complexity. We model the potential structural complexity across biomes using the structural complexity of primary forests as a benchmark and present a global map of the potential structural complexity of the Eco regions of the Earth's forest. Our studies show distinct latitudinal trends of forest structure and illustrate that high structural complexity hotspots correlate with plant diversity hotspots. Our findings propose spatially comparing shifts in forest structure with climate change within and through biomes, taking into account the mechanistic underpinnings of forest structural complexity. The To help forecast how biodiversity","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90950321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.245
Aman Singh
There are numerous approaches to recuperation, however we should avoid the lopsided one that prompts developing imbalance and unsteadiness with more emergencies ahead. The public authority can't stand to focus on just the individuals who entryway hard for their motivation, for example, the business local area. It should make sure that those areas and laborers hit hardest are not given up, as this will prompt expanding disparity. The ILO Monitor has suggested a way that will give enduring, economical and comprehensive recuperation — one that focusses on a human-focused recuperation for working back better, focuses on business, pay and social insurance, laborers' privileges and social discourse.
{"title":"Editorial Note on Path to Recovery Blackbuck Population","authors":"Aman Singh","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.245","url":null,"abstract":"There are numerous approaches to recuperation, however we should avoid the lopsided one that prompts developing imbalance and unsteadiness with more emergencies ahead. The public authority can't stand to focus on just the individuals who entryway hard for their motivation, for example, the business local area. It should make sure that those areas and laborers hit hardest are not given up, as this will prompt expanding disparity. The ILO Monitor has suggested a way that will give enduring, economical and comprehensive recuperation — one that focusses on a human-focused recuperation for working back better, focuses on business, pay and social insurance, laborers' privileges and social discourse.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87237411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.252
S. J. M. Balla, F. N. Nonga
The collection and sale of non-timber forest products (NTFPSs) is a major source of income for households around community (CF) in Cameroon. Although, the importance of NTFPs in sustaining livelihood and poverty smoothening in rural communities, they are highly depleted and poorly conserved. Indeed, the forests where NTFPs are harvested are becoming depleted due to unsustainable exploitation of timber and NTFPs, lack of financial resources to protect the forest and this is threatening the livelihood of those households. To address this issue, sustainable harvesting practices must be adopted and financial resources must be mobilize by households holding the CF. Therefore, this study applied the contingent valuation method by estimating the average willingness to pay (WTP) and the minimum price the households are willing to pay to protect NTFPs. Sixty household surveys from eight villages were undertaken at Morikouali-ye CF in the East Region of Cameroon. To estimate the average WTP for NTFPs sustainable management at the CF level, the study use the logit model and for the minimum price the households are willing to pay, the Turnbull estimator was used. Our findings showed that, the average WTP is 6845.2861 FCFA per household each year and 570.440 FCFA per household each month. Furthermore, the minimum price the households are willing to pay to protect the forest product is 4940 FCFA per household each year and 411.667 FCFA per household each month. The fact that households are willing to pay to protect forest product like NTFPs reflects the high importance of the NTFPs in their daily lives: nutrition, income and health. Therefore, to enhance NTFPs sustainable harvest methods among CF households, it is important to mobilize financial resources, organize and teach NTFPs sustainable harvest methods. Improve traditional use of the forests and promote alternative plants for the same uses should be considered as part of conservation strategies. Moreover, it is suggested that incentives like financial resources should be giving to CF forest protection team members to be more actively involved in sustainable harvest monitoring.
{"title":"Valuation of Non Timber Forest Product in Cameroon: Case of a Community Forest in the East Region","authors":"S. J. M. Balla, F. N. Nonga","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.252","url":null,"abstract":"The collection and sale of non-timber forest products (NTFPSs) is a major source of income for households around community (CF) in Cameroon. Although, the importance of NTFPs in sustaining livelihood and poverty smoothening in rural communities, they are highly depleted and poorly conserved. Indeed, the forests where NTFPs are harvested are becoming depleted due to unsustainable exploitation of timber and NTFPs, lack of financial resources to protect the forest and this is threatening the livelihood of those households. To address this issue, sustainable harvesting practices must be adopted and financial resources must be mobilize by households holding the CF. Therefore, this study applied the contingent valuation method by estimating the average willingness to pay (WTP) and the minimum price the households are willing to pay to protect NTFPs. Sixty household surveys from eight villages were undertaken at Morikouali-ye CF in the East Region of Cameroon. To estimate the average WTP for NTFPs sustainable management at the CF level, the study use the logit model and for the minimum price the households are willing to pay, the Turnbull estimator was used. Our findings showed that, the average WTP is 6845.2861 FCFA per household each year and 570.440 FCFA per household each month. Furthermore, the minimum price the households are willing to pay to protect the forest product is 4940 FCFA per household each year and 411.667 FCFA per household each month. The fact that households are willing to pay to protect forest product like NTFPs reflects the high importance of the NTFPs in their daily lives: nutrition, income and health. Therefore, to enhance NTFPs sustainable harvest methods among CF households, it is important to mobilize financial resources, organize and teach NTFPs sustainable harvest methods. Improve traditional use of the forests and promote alternative plants for the same uses should be considered as part of conservation strategies. Moreover, it is suggested that incentives like financial resources should be giving to CF forest protection team members to be more actively involved in sustainable harvest monitoring.","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89906027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.268
J. Cui
{"title":"The Origin of the Deadly Tree Disease by Phytophthora ramorum","authors":"J. Cui","doi":"10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2168-9776.21.10.268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35920,"journal":{"name":"林业科学研究","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89909563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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