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SPIRET: An Innovative Technique for Random Vibration Testing Of Large Spacecraft SPIRET:大型航天器随机振动测试的创新技术
Q4 Engineering
Journal of the IEST
Pub Date : 2016-11-15 DOI: 10.17764/1098-4321.59.1.4
P. Girolamo
Abstract System Point Input Random Excitation Testing (SPIRET) was developed as an alternative to both system level acoustics and base-shake random vibration testing of large spacecraft. The goal of SPIRET was to obtain an enhanced workmanship test of the spacecraft, prior to launch, by inducing a higher, more uniform dynamic acceleration response throughout the integrated system. The underlying SPIRET concept is to utilize the spacecraft modal characteristics to amplify the shaker input force and produce a high acceleration response throughout the flexible structure. SPIRET utilized commercial off-the-shelf vibration equipment coupled with satellite specific Mechanical Aerospace Ground Equipment (MAGE). Random vibration control was achieved using inline load cells and a Force Spectral Density (FSD) input spectrum which effectively provided both feedback control of the shaker and force limiting during the vibration test. SPIRET effectiveness was verified using a hi-fidelity spacecraft simulator which was ...
摘要系统点输入随机激励测试(SPIRET)是大型航天器系统级声学和基振随机振动测试的一种替代方法。SPIRET的目标是通过在整个集成系统中诱导更高，更均匀的动态加速度响应，在发射之前获得航天器的增强工艺测试。SPIRET的基本概念是利用航天器的模态特性来放大激振器的输入力，并在整个柔性结构中产生高加速度响应。SPIRET利用商用现成的振动设备与卫星专用机械航空航天地面设备(MAGE)相结合。随机振动控制是通过内联测力元件和力谱密度(FSD)输入谱来实现的，该输入谱在振动测试期间有效地提供了激振器的反馈控制和力限制。SPIRET的有效性通过高保真航天器模拟器进行了验证。
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引用次数: 2
IEST Leads Development of First ISO 14644 Nanotechnology Standard est领导第一个ISO 14644纳米技术标准的发展
Q4 Engineering
Journal of the IEST
Pub Date : 2016-11-15 DOI: 10.17764/1098-4321.59.1.1
D. Ensor, A. Dixon, Roberta Burrows
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引用次数: 0
Real-time Particle Deposition Monitoring of Operational Cleanroom Quality 运行洁净室质量颗粒沉积实时监测
Q4 Engineering
Journal of the IEST
Pub Date : 2016-11-15 DOI: 10.17764/1098-4321.59.1.40
K. Agricola
Abstract Real-time particle deposition monitoring is a new way to monitor the operational quality of a cleanroom. Up to now the performance of a cleanroom is often monitored with light-scattering airborne particle counters. These give valuable information on airborne particles, but no information on the potentially threatening macroparticles in a cleanroom. In this paper, particle deposition phenomena and ways to determine particle deposition are discussed. A real-time particle deposition monitor using holographic imaging of the witness plates in a sensing device is described. Some practical experiences with real-time particle deposition measurements are demonstrated. Real-time particle deposition monitoring can be a valuable method to control the operational quality of a cleanroom where personnel are working.
摘要实时颗粒沉积监测是监测洁净室运行质量的一种新方法。迄今为止，洁净室的性能监测通常采用光散射空气粒子计数器。这些提供了关于空气中颗粒的宝贵信息，但没有关于洁净室中潜在威胁的大颗粒的信息。本文讨论了颗粒沉积现象和确定颗粒沉积的方法。描述了一种利用传感装置中见证板全息成像的实时颗粒沉积监测器。并给出了实时颗粒沉积测量的一些实际经验。实时颗粒沉积监测是控制人员工作的洁净室运行质量的一种有价值的方法。
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引用次数: 7
Commissioning of an Atypical Acoustic Facility for Experimental Testing 非典型声学设备的试验测试
Q4 Engineering
Journal of the IEST
Pub Date : 2016-11-15 DOI: 10.17764/1098-4321.59.1.22
Viken N. Koukounian, C. Mechefske
Abstract Computational modeling (BEM, FEM, and SEA) is often implemented at different stages of the design process to optimize manufacturing and performance parameters. Computational results are typically verified experimentally. Experimental testing standards, particularly those related to vibro-acoustic testing, are defined by various agencies such as ASTM, ANSI, and ISO. An investigation proposing a new computational methodology of analyzing the vibro-acoustic behavior of an aircraft fuselage due to the turbulent boundary layer required verification of the predictions experimentally. In the face of certain limitations, an atypical acoustic facility was constructed challenging conventional standards while complying with the defined criteria of international testing standards. Principal deviations relate to the geometric requirements that recommend large volumes of certain construct, and microphone and acoustic source positioning. The calculated 95% confidence intervals compared exceptionally well agains...
摘要计算建模(BEM, FEM和SEA)通常在设计过程的不同阶段实施，以优化制造和性能参数。计算结果通常在实验中得到验证。实验测试标准，特别是与振动声学测试相关的标准，由不同的机构定义，如ASTM、ANSI和ISO。一项研究提出了一种新的计算方法来分析由于湍流边界层引起的飞机机身的振动声学行为，需要对预测进行实验验证。面对某些限制，一个非典型声学设施的建造挑战了传统标准，同时符合国际测试标准的定义标准。主要的偏差与几何要求有关，即推荐某些结构的大体积，以及麦克风和声源的定位。计算出的95%置信区间与…
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引用次数: 2
Aspiring to Unintended Consequences of Natural Language Processing: A Review of Recent Developments in Clinical and Consumer-Generated Text Processing. 渴望自然语言处理的意外后果：临床和消费者生成的文本处理最新发展综述》。
Q4 Engineering
Journal of the IEST
Pub Date : 2016-11-10 DOI: 10.15265/IY-2016-017
D Demner-Fushman, N Elhadad

Objectives: This paper reviews work over the past two years in Natural Language Processing (NLP) applied to clinical and consumer-generated texts.

Methods: We included any application or methodological publication that leverages text to facilitate healthcare and address the health-related needs of consumers and populations.

Results: Many important developments in clinical text processing, both foundational and task-oriented, were addressed in community- wide evaluations and discussed in corresponding special issues that are referenced in this review. These focused issues and in-depth reviews of several other active research areas, such as pharmacovigilance and summarization, allowed us to discuss in greater depth disease modeling and predictive analytics using clinical texts, and text analysis in social media for healthcare quality assessment, trends towards online interventions based on rapid analysis of health-related posts, and consumer health question answering, among other issues.

Conclusions: Our analysis shows that although clinical NLP continues to advance towards practical applications and more NLP methods are used in large-scale live health information applications, more needs to be done to make NLP use in clinical applications a routine widespread reality. Progress in clinical NLP is mirrored by developments in social media text analysis: the research is moving from capturing trends to addressing individual health-related posts, thus showing potential to become a tool for precision medicine and a valuable addition to the standard healthcare quality evaluation tools.

目的本文回顾了过去两年中应用于临床和消费者生成文本的自然语言处理（NLP）方面的工作：方法：我们纳入了任何利用文本促进医疗保健、满足消费者和人群健康相关需求的应用或方法论出版物：临床文本处理方面的许多重要发展，包括基础性发展和任务导向型发展，都在社区范围内进行了评估，并在相应的特刊中进行了讨论。这些重点问题以及对其他几个活跃研究领域（如药物警戒和总结）的深入评述，使我们能够更深入地讨论利用临床文本进行疾病建模和预测分析、用于医疗质量评估的社交媒体文本分析、基于健康相关帖子快速分析的在线干预趋势以及消费者健康问题解答等问题：我们的分析表明，尽管临床 NLP 继续朝着实际应用方向发展，并且有更多的 NLP 方法被用于大规模的实时健康信息应用中，但要使 NLP 在临床应用中的使用成为一种常规的广泛现实，还需要做更多的工作。社交媒体文本分析的发展也反映了临床 NLP 的进步：研究正从捕捉趋势转向处理与健康相关的个人帖子，从而显示出成为精准医疗工具和标准医疗质量评估工具宝贵补充的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Clothing Systems in Operating Rooms - A Comparative Study 手术室服装系统的比较研究
Q4 Engineering
Journal of the IEST
Pub Date : 2015-11-01 DOI: 10.17764/1098-4321.58.1.20
B. Ljungqvist, Berit Reinmüller, Jan Gustén, Johan Nordenadler
The number of airborne bacteria-carrying particles in the operating room is considered an indicator of the risk of infections to the patient undergoing surgery. When the supply air in the operating room is HEPA-filtered, the main source of microorganisms is people (patient and staff). The filtration efficacy of the fabric in operating clothing systems plays an important role. The design of the clothing systems also affects the number of particles emitted from people into the air of the operating room. In ultraclean operating rooms, the selection of clothing systems for the operating team should be considered in terms of patient safety. Examples of clothing systems evaluated in operating rooms will be presented. The predicted influence of different clothing systems in the operating room will be discussed.
手术室中空气中携带细菌颗粒的数量被认为是手术患者感染风险的一个指标。当手术室送风采用hepa过滤时，微生物的主要来源是人(患者和工作人员)。在操作服装系统中，织物的过滤效果起着重要的作用。服装系统的设计也会影响人体散发到手术室空气中的微粒数量。在超净手术室中，手术团队着装系统的选择应考虑到患者的安全。将介绍在手术室中评估服装系统的例子。讨论了手术室中不同服装系统的预测影响。
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引用次数: 7
Implementing Multidisciplinary Research Center Infrastructure-A Trendsetting Example: SUNUM 实施多学科研究中心基础设施——一个引领潮流的例子:SUNUM
Q4 Engineering
Journal of the IEST
Pub Date : 2014-10-29 DOI: 10.17764/JIET.57.1.U435HL4721J1858V
B. Birkan, V. Ozguz
Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM) became operational in January 2012. SUNUM is a trendsetting example of a green and flexible research facility that is a test bed for the cost-effective operation of a Centralized Demand-Controlled Ventilation (CDCV) system, a state-of-the-art cleanroom, and world-class high technology equipment. The total investment in the facility was US$35 million.
萨班齐大学纳米技术研究与应用中心(SUNUM)于2012年1月开始运作。SUNUM是绿色灵活研究设施的典范，是集中式需求控制通风(CDCV)系统、最先进的洁净室和世界一流的高科技设备的经济高效运行的试验台。该设施的总投资为3500万美元。
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引用次数: 0
Anatomy of a HALT HALT的解剖
Q4 Engineering
Journal of the IEST
Pub Date : 2014-10-29 DOI: 10.17764/jiet.57.1.k52757322222m365
H. Schwab
A Highly Accelerated Life Test (HALT) consists of much more than simply subjecting a product to extreme environments to discern potential design weaknesses. Before testing, careful attention must be paid to planning, hardware and equipment availability, and ensuring the appropriate personnel are involved. The test must also include reviews of any potential hardware failures and the procedure for handling them. After test completion, a report must be written to document the entire procedure and any lessons learned. This article covers the entire anatomy of a HALT test from inception to final report.
高加速寿命测试(HALT)不仅仅是将产品置于极端环境中以发现潜在的设计缺陷。在测试之前，必须仔细注意计划、硬件和设备的可用性，并确保有适当的人员参与。测试还必须包括对任何潜在硬件故障及其处理过程的审查。在测试完成后，必须写一份报告来记录整个过程和所吸取的教训。本文涵盖了HALT测试从开始到最终报告的整个剖析。
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引用次数: 0
Selecting the Best ALT 选择最佳ALT
Q4 Engineering
Journal of the IEST
Pub Date : 2014-10-29 DOI: 10.17764/JIET.57.1.V0152402158H8774
F. Schenkelberg
Throughout the many years of accelerated life testing (ALT) development, colleagues have found numerous ways to take advantage of the interaction of stress and failure mechanisms.[1-14] In an ideal situation, the reliability engineer will have ample time, samples, test resources, and knowledge to conduct ALT. However, this is often not the case. Trading off the risks in conducting ALT and meeting the myriad constraints and expectations is a challenge. Understanding the basics of ALT approaches and associated assumptions permits test designers to select the ALT method that will provide meaningful results in time for technical and business decisions while meeting budgetary and risk-tolerance limits. There is no single way to design ALT for a specific set of conditions, but clearly articulating the tradeoffs involved permits the entire design team to fully understand the test results. The "best" ALT is a method that adds value to the design process. The most accurate results would involve testing all the pro...
在多年的加速寿命测试(ALT)开发过程中，同事们发现了许多方法来利用应力和失效机制的相互作用。[1-14]在理想的情况下，可靠性工程师将有充足的时间、样本、测试资源和知识来进行ALT。然而，情况往往并非如此。权衡实施ALT的风险和满足无数的限制和期望是一个挑战。理解ALT方法的基础知识和相关的假设，允许测试设计者选择ALT方法，在满足预算和风险承受限制的情况下，及时为技术和业务决策提供有意义的结果。没有一种方法可以为一组特定的条件设计ALT，但是清楚地阐明所涉及的权衡可以使整个设计团队完全理解测试结果。“最佳”ALT是一种为设计过程增加价值的方法。最准确的结果需要测试所有的pro…
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引用次数: 0
ISO Technical Committee on Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments Enters Third Decade with New Changes on Horizon ISO洁净室及相关受控环境技术委员会进入第三个十年，新的变化即将出现
Q4 Engineering
Journal of the IEST
Pub Date : 2014-10-29 DOI: 10.17764/JIET.57.1.K8560855151101N8
D. Ensor
ISO Technical Committee (TC) 209: "Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments" produced many significant standards during its first 20 years of existence. Much remains to be accomplished, however, as the committee is on the verge of completing revisions to two major standards while it also embarks on creating vital new documents.
ISO技术委员会(TC) 209:“洁净室和相关受控环境”在其存在的头20年里制定了许多重要的标准。然而，由于委员会即将完成对两项主要标准的修订，同时它也开始创建重要的新文件，因此仍有许多工作要做。
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引用次数: 1
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