Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.030
Yi Zhou, Shu-Lan Cheng, Hua-Jun Fang, Yan Yang, Yi-Fan Guo, Yu-Na Li, Fang-Ying Shi, Hui Wang, Long Chen
Climate warming and drying has led to a sharp increase in nitrogen (N) emissions from the boreal peatland soils, but the underlying microbial-mediated mechanism is still unclear. We reviewed the responses of soil N transformation and emission in alpine peatland to temperature increases and water table changes, the interaction between soil anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) and NO3- dissimilatory reduction processes, and soil N2O production pathways and their contributions. There are several knowledge gaps. First, the amount of N loss in peatlands in alpine areas is seriously underestimated because most studies focused only on soil N2O emissions and ignored the release of N2. Second, the contribution of Anammox process to N2 emissions from peatlands is not quantified. Third, there is a lack of quantification of the relative contributions of Anammox, bacterial denitrification, and fungal co-denitrification processes to N2 loss. Finally, the decoupling mechanism of Anammox and NO3- reduction processes under a warming and drying climate scenario is not clear. Considering aforementioned shortages in previous studies, we proposed the directions and contents for future research. Through building an experimental platform with field warming and water level controlling, combining stable isotope, molecular biology, and metagenomics technology, the magnitude, composition ratio and main controlling factors of N emissions (N2O, NO, and N2) in boreal peatlands should be systematically investigated. The interaction among the main N loss processes in soils as well as the relative contributions of nitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and denitrification to N2O and N2 productions should be investigated and quantified. Furthermore, the sensitive microbial groups and the coupling between soil N transformations and microbial community succession should be clarified to reveal the microbiological mechanism underlying the responses of soil N turnover process to climate warming and drying.
{"title":"[Research advances in the response of soil nitrogen emissions from peatlands to climate warming and drying].","authors":"Yi Zhou, Shu-Lan Cheng, Hua-Jun Fang, Yan Yang, Yi-Fan Guo, Yu-Na Li, Fang-Ying Shi, Hui Wang, Long Chen","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate warming and drying has led to a sharp increase in nitrogen (N) emissions from the boreal peatland soils, but the underlying microbial-mediated mechanism is still unclear. We reviewed the responses of soil N transformation and emission in alpine peatland to temperature increases and water table changes, the interaction between soil anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> dissimilatory reduction processes, and soil N<sub>2</sub>O production pathways and their contributions. There are several knowledge gaps. First, the amount of N loss in peatlands in alpine areas is seriously underestimated because most studies focused only on soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and ignored the release of N<sub>2</sub>. Second, the contribution of Anammox process to N<sub>2</sub> emissions from peatlands is not quantified. Third, there is a lack of quantification of the relative contributions of Anammox, bacterial denitrification, and fungal co-denitrification processes to N<sub>2</sub> loss. Finally, the decoupling mechanism of Anammox and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction processes under a warming and drying climate scenario is not clear. Considering aforementioned shortages in previous studies, we proposed the directions and contents for future research. Through building an experimental platform with field warming and water level controlling, combining stable isotope, molecular biology, and metagenomics technology, the magnitude, composition ratio and main controlling factors of N emissions (N<sub>2</sub>O, NO, and N<sub>2</sub>) in boreal peatlands should be systematically investigated. The interaction among the main N loss processes in soils as well as the relative contributions of nitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and denitrification to N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> productions should be investigated and quantified. Furthermore, the sensitive microbial groups and the coupling between soil N transformations and microbial community succession should be clarified to reveal the microbiological mechanism underlying the responses of soil N turnover process to climate warming and drying.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the differences on morphological growth patterns of statolith of Todarodes pacificus in the East China Sea during La Niña and normal years, we analyzed the samples of T. pacificus collected in the East China Sea by Chinese light purse seine fishery fleets from February to April in 2020 (a normal year) and 2021 (a La Niña year). The results showed that total statolith length (TSL), lateral dome length (LDL), wing length (WL), and maximum width (MW) could be used as characterization parameters to representing the morphological growth of statolith. The characterization parameters of statolith in T. pacificus differed significantly between different climate years and between different genders. The values of those characterization parameters of statolith were greater in normal year than those in La Niña year, which in both years were larger in females, except for TSL in males in La Niña year. The statolith growth of males were faster than that of females in different climate years. TSL, LDL, and WL increased faster in normal year, while MW increased faster in La Niña year. The relative size of statolith gradually slowed down with the growth of individuals.
{"title":"[Growth characteristic of statolith of <i>Todarodes pacificus</i> in the East China Sea in the La Niña year].","authors":"Rui-Yu Guo, Hua-Jie Lu, Tian-Zi Sun, Mao-Lin Zhao, Bi-Qiang Zhang, Si-Zhe Yang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the differences on morphological growth patterns of statolith of <i>Todarodes pacificus</i> in the East China Sea during La Niña and normal years, we analyzed the samples of <i>T. pacificus</i> collected in the East China Sea by Chinese light purse seine fishery fleets from February to April in 2020 (a normal year) and 2021 (a La Niña year). The results showed that total statolith length (TSL), lateral dome length (LDL), wing length (WL), and maximum width (MW) could be used as characterization parameters to representing the morphological growth of statolith. The characterization parameters of statolith in <i>T. pacificus</i> differed significantly between different climate years and between different genders. The values of those characterization parameters of statolith were greater in normal year than those in La Niña year, which in both years were larger in females, except for TSL in males in La Niña year. The statolith growth of males were faster than that of females in different climate years. TSL, LDL, and WL increased faster in normal year, while MW increased faster in La Niña year. The relative size of statolith gradually slowed down with the growth of individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shortage of water resources and the irrational application of nitrogen fertilizer restrict the synergistic enhancement of yield and water- and fertilizer-use efficiencies of wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. In this study, we conducted an experiment following two-factor split zone design with three irrigation levels and four nitrogen application rates. The relative water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer was supplemented to 65% (W1), 75% (W2), and 85% (W3) of field water capacity at the jointing and anthesis stages of wheat. The rates of nitrogen application were 0 (N0), 150 (N1), 180 (N2), and 210 (N3) kg·hm-2. We analyzed the effects of these different managements on post-anthesis photosynthetic matter production, yield, and water- and nitrogen-use efficiencies. The results showed that yield first increased with increases in the levels of irrigation and nitrogen application, peaking under the W2N2 treatment (9103.53 kg·hm-2). However, further increases in water and nitrogen input did not have further enhancement of wheat yield. Under the same nitrogen application condition, compared with W1 treatment, the canopy light interception rate, chlorophyll relative content and actual photochemical efficiency after anthesis increased by 4.5%-6.0%, 19.7%-28.2%, and 7.5%-9.8% in response to the W2 treatment, respectively, without any difference between the W2 and W3 irrigation levels. At the same irrigation level, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in repose to the N2 treatment increased by 80.1%-88.9% and 16.7%-22.2% compared with N0 and N1 treatments, respectively, without significant difference between the N2 and N3 treatments. Both the irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) and the nitrogen partial factor productivity declined with increases in the levels of irrigation and nitrogen application. Under the W1, W2, and W3 treatments, the values obtained for IWUE were 16.23, 11.01, and 7.91 kg·hm-2·m-3, respectively, whereas in response to the N1, N2, and N3 treatments, N partial factor productivity was 50.8%, 48.4%, and 42.5%, respectively. In all, based on soil moisture measurements and assessments of wheat yield and water- and nitrogen-use efficiencies, the optimal water and nitrogen management strategy for enhancing wheat yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai region is supplementation of water content of 0-40 cm soil layer at the jointing and anthesis stages to 75% field capacity combined with the application of 180 kg·hm-2 nitrogen (W2N2). This approach could achieve high yield and efficiency and promote conservation of water and fertilizer.
{"title":"[Effects of water and nitrogen management on photosynthetic matter production and yield of wheat].","authors":"Zhen-Kun Cui, Zhen-Wen Yu, Yu Shi, Yong-Li Zhang, Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The shortage of water resources and the irrational application of nitrogen fertilizer restrict the synergistic enhancement of yield and water- and fertilizer-use efficiencies of wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. In this study, we conducted an experiment following two-factor split zone design with three irrigation levels and four nitrogen application rates. The relative water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer was supplemented to 65% (W<sub>1</sub>), 75% (W<sub>2</sub>), and 85% (W<sub>3</sub>) of field water capacity at the jointing and anthesis stages of wheat. The rates of nitrogen application were 0 (N<sub>0</sub>), 150 (N<sub>1</sub>), 180 (N<sub>2</sub>), and 210 (N<sub>3</sub>) kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>. We analyzed the effects of these different managements on post-anthesis photosynthetic matter production, yield, and water- and nitrogen-use efficiencies. The results showed that yield first increased with increases in the levels of irrigation and nitrogen application, peaking under the W<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub> treatment (9103.53 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>). However, further increases in water and nitrogen input did not have further enhancement of wheat yield. Under the same nitrogen application condition, compared with W<sub>1</sub> treatment, the canopy light interception rate, chlorophyll relative content and actual photochemical efficiency after anthesis increased by 4.5%-6.0%, 19.7%-28.2%, and 7.5%-9.8% in response to the W<sub>2</sub> treatment, respectively, without any difference between the W<sub>2</sub> and W<sub>3</sub> irrigation levels. At the same irrigation level, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in repose to the N<sub>2</sub> treatment increased by 80.1%-88.9% and 16.7%-22.2% compared with N<sub>0</sub> and N<sub>1</sub> treatments, respectively, without significant difference between the N<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>3</sub> treatments. Both the irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) and the nitrogen partial factor productivity declined with increases in the levels of irrigation and nitrogen application. Under the W<sub>1</sub>, W<sub>2</sub>, and W<sub>3</sub> treatments, the values obtained for IWUE were 16.23, 11.01, and 7.91 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>·m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively, whereas in response to the N<sub>1</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>3</sub> treatments, N partial factor productivity was 50.8%, 48.4%, and 42.5%, respectively. In all, based on soil moisture measurements and assessments of wheat yield and water- and nitrogen-use efficiencies, the optimal water and nitrogen management strategy for enhancing wheat yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai region is supplementation of water content of 0-40 cm soil layer at the jointing and anthesis stages to 75% field capacity combined with the application of 180 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup> nitrogen (W<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>). This approach could achieve high yield and efficiency and promote conservation of water and fertilizer.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.026
Kang Ding, Jia Wang, Miao Yu, Shuai Li, Yu-Fei Meng, Yun-Yuan Li
The identification of key areas for ecological restoration in national land space is crucial for anchoring the bottom line of urban ecological security. As the core of ecological restoration in many resource-based cities, the zoning construction of abandoned mining sites has practical significance. We classified the abandoned mining sites in Handan City based on ecological functions and spatial importance, aiming to provide theoretical support for the orderly development of urban ecological restoration work. In terms of research framework, we proposed to overlay the importance of ecological protection at the functional level and the ecological security pattern at the spatial level, in order to obtain more accurate identification results of key ecological restoration areas at the urban scale. During the study process, we selected four indicators that fitting the regional characteristics of water conservation, soil conservation, biodiversity conservation, and soil erosion sensitivity for ecological protection importance evaluation, and selected the MSPA-Conefor-SPCA-MCR-circuit theory to construct the ecological security pattern. The results showed that 73 out of the remaining 204 abandoned mining sites belonged to the key ecological restoration areas, with a total area of 1500.9 hm2 in Handan City, which were mainly concentrated in the regions of Gushan, Fenghuangshan, and Fushan mountains. These regions had serious ecological and enviornmental problems, but with enormous potential value. Actively seeking site transformation on the basis of simple greening to extend the value chain and industrial chain of mining ecological restoration may become a more important goal in these regions.
{"title":"[Identification of key ecological restoration areas for abandoned mining sites in Handan City: Based on ecological function and spatial importance].","authors":"Kang Ding, Jia Wang, Miao Yu, Shuai Li, Yu-Fei Meng, Yun-Yuan Li","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of key areas for ecological restoration in national land space is crucial for anchoring the bottom line of urban ecological security. As the core of ecological restoration in many resource-based cities, the zoning construction of abandoned mining sites has practical significance. We classified the abandoned mining sites in Handan City based on ecological functions and spatial importance, aiming to provide theoretical support for the orderly development of urban ecological restoration work. In terms of research framework, we proposed to overlay the importance of ecological protection at the functional level and the ecological security pattern at the spatial level, in order to obtain more accurate identification results of key ecological restoration areas at the urban scale. During the study process, we selected four indicators that fitting the regional characteristics of water conservation, soil conservation, biodiversity conservation, and soil erosion sensitivity for ecological protection importance evaluation, and selected the MSPA-Conefor-SPCA-MCR-circuit theory to construct the ecological security pattern. The results showed that 73 out of the remaining 204 abandoned mining sites belonged to the key ecological restoration areas, with a total area of 1500.9 hm<sup>2</sup> in Handan City, which were mainly concentrated in the regions of Gushan, Fenghuangshan, and Fushan mountains. These regions had serious ecological and enviornmental problems, but with enormous potential value. Actively seeking site transformation on the basis of simple greening to extend the value chain and industrial chain of mining ecological restoration may become a more important goal in these regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.022
Da-Xin Guo, Ao-Xiang Li, En-Ke Liu, Juan-Ling Wang
Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is a crucial variable for estimating the ecological water demand of vegetation. Under climate change, the trends of ET0 change vary in different regions. The study of spatial and temporal variations in ET0 and attribution analysis at the regional scale is more conducive to the regional agricultural water management and ecological water demand estimation under the changing environment. We analyzed the change trend, spatial distribution and the contribution of meteorological factors to annual ET0 change of the Fenwei Plain during a historical period (1985-2015) and a future period (2030-2060) based on the latest climate data and high-precision grid data from the Sixth International Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The results showed that the meteorological data from CMIP6 could be used for the prediction of ET0 after bias correction, and that the prediction accuracy of the multi-model ensemble approach (R2 of 82.9%, RMSE of 14.9 mm) was higher than that of a single climate model. ET0 in the Fenwei Plain showed a significant decreasing trend in the historical period, but a non-significant increasing and significant increasing trend in the future period under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. The vapor pressure deficit had the largest contribution to the ET0 change in both the historical and future periods, and was the primary meteorological factor affecting the ET0 change in the Fenwei Plain under the climate change. Solar radiation and wind speed were important meteorological factors affecting the ET0 change in the historical period, while temperature and wind speed were the important meteorological factors affecting the ET0 change in the future period. The meteorological factors that had great contribution to ET0 change were due to the larger multi-year relative change rates, rather than the high sensitivity of these meteorological factors to ET0. The ET0 of the plain under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios increased by 4.2% and 3.1% in the future period, respectively, compared with the historical period. The differences in the spatial distribution of the result were mainly from the eastern and western regions of the plain. Based on the high-precision spatial and temporal distribution of ET0, the spatial and temporal data could be used as a reference for the development of various adaptation for climate change in the Fenwei Plain.
{"title":"[Spatiotemporal variations and attribution analysis of reference evapotranspiration in the Fenwei Plain under climate change].","authors":"Da-Xin Guo, Ao-Xiang Li, En-Ke Liu, Juan-Ling Wang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET<sub>0</sub>) is a crucial variable for estimating the ecological water demand of vegetation. Under climate change, the trends of ET<sub>0</sub> change vary in different regions. The study of spatial and temporal variations in ET<sub>0</sub> and attribution analysis at the regional scale is more conducive to the regional agricultural water management and ecological water demand estimation under the changing environment. We analyzed the change trend, spatial distribution and the contribution of meteorological factors to annual ET<sub>0</sub> change of the Fenwei Plain during a historical period (1985-2015) and a future period (2030-2060) based on the latest climate data and high-precision grid data from the Sixth International Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The results showed that the meteorological data from CMIP6 could be used for the prediction of ET<sub>0</sub> after bias correction, and that the prediction accuracy of the multi-model ensemble approach (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 82.9%, RMSE of 14.9 mm) was higher than that of a single climate model. ET<sub>0</sub> in the Fenwei Plain showed a significant decreasing trend in the historical period, but a non-significant increasing and significant increasing trend in the future period under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. The vapor pressure deficit had the largest contribution to the ET<sub>0</sub> change in both the historical and future periods, and was the primary meteorological factor affecting the ET<sub>0</sub> change in the Fenwei Plain under the climate change. Solar radiation and wind speed were important meteorological factors affecting the ET<sub>0</sub> change in the historical period, while temperature and wind speed were the important meteorological factors affecting the ET<sub>0</sub> change in the future period. The meteorological factors that had great contribution to ET<sub>0</sub> change were due to the larger multi-year relative change rates, rather than the high sensitivity of these meteorological factors to ET<sub>0</sub>. The ET<sub>0</sub> of the plain under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios increased by 4.2% and 3.1% in the future period, respectively, compared with the historical period. The differences in the spatial distribution of the result were mainly from the eastern and western regions of the plain. Based on the high-precision spatial and temporal distribution of ET<sub>0</sub>, the spatial and temporal data could be used as a reference for the development of various adaptation for climate change in the Fenwei Plain.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ant nests can affect the process and seasonal dynamics of forest soil methane emissions through mediating methane oxidation/reduction microorganisms and physicochemical environments. To explore the process and mechanism by which ant nests affect soil methane emissions from Hevea brasiliensis plantation in Xishuangbanna, we measured the seasonal dynamics of methane emissions from ant nest and non-nest soils by using static chamber-gas chromatography method, and analyzed the effect of ant nesting on the changes in functional microbial diversity, microhabitats, and soil nutrients in the plantations. The results showed that: 1) Ant nests significantly affected the mean annual soil methane emissions in tropical plantation. Methane emissions in ant nest were decreased by 59.9% than the non-nest soil. In the dry season, ant nest soil was a methane sink (-1.770 μg·m-2·h-1), which decreased by 87.2% compared with the non-nest soil, while it was a methane source (0.703 μg·m-2·h-1) that increased by 152.7% in the wet season. 2) Ant nesting affected methane emissions via changing soil temperature, humidity, carbon and nitrogen concentrations. In contrast to the control, the mean annual temperature, humidity, and carbon and nitrogen content increased by 4.9%-138.5% in ant nest soils, which explained 90.1%, 97.3%, 27.3%-90.0% of the variation in methane emissions, respectively. 3) Ant nesting affected the emission dynamics through changing the diversity and community structure of methane functional microbe. Compared with the control, the average annual methanogen diversity (Ace, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices) in the ant nest ranged from -9.9% to 61.2%, which were higher than those (-8.7%-31.2%) of the methane-oxidising bacterial communities. The relative abundance fluctuations of methanogens and methanotrophic bacteria were 46.76% and -6.33%, respectively. The explaining rate of methanogen diversity to methane emissions (78.4%) was higher than that of oxidizing bacterial diversity (54.5%), the relative abundance explained by the dominant genus of methanogens was 68.9%. 4) The structural equation model showed that methanogen diversity, methanotroph diversity, and soil moisture were the main factors controlling methane emissions, contributing 95.6%, 95.0%, and 91.2% to the variations of emissions, respectively. The contribution (73.1%-87.7%) of soil temperature and carbon and nitrogen components to the emission dynamics was ranked the second. Our results suggest that ant nesting mediates the seasonal dynamics of soil methane emissions, primarily through changing the diversity of methane-function microorganisms and soil water conditions. The research results deepen the understanding of the mechanism of biological regulation of methane emission in tropical forest soil.
{"title":"[Effects of ant nesting on seasonal dynamics of soil CH<sub>4</sub> emissions in a tropical rubber-plantation forest].","authors":"Zheng-Jun Wang, Shao-Jun Wang, Bo Xiao, Ling-Ling Xie, Zhi-Peng Guo, Xiao-Fei Guo, Rui Li, Shuang Luo, Jia-Hui Xia, Sheng-Qiu Yang, Meng-Jie Lan","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ant nests can affect the process and seasonal dynamics of forest soil methane emissions through mediating methane oxidation/reduction microorganisms and physicochemical environments. To explore the process and mechanism by which ant nests affect soil methane emissions from <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> plantation in Xishuangbanna, we measured the seasonal dynamics of methane emissions from ant nest and non-nest soils by using static chamber-gas chromatography method, and analyzed the effect of ant nesting on the changes in functional microbial diversity, microhabitats, and soil nutrients in the plantations. The results showed that: 1) Ant nests significantly affected the mean annual soil methane emissions in tropical plantation. Methane emissions in ant nest were decreased by 59.9% than the non-nest soil. In the dry season, ant nest soil was a methane sink (-1.770 μg·m<sup>-2</sup>·h<sup>-1</sup>), which decreased by 87.2% compared with the non-nest soil, while it was a methane source (0.703 μg·m<sup>-2</sup>·h<sup>-1</sup>) that increased by 152.7% in the wet season. 2) Ant nesting affected methane emissions via changing soil temperature, humidity, carbon and nitrogen concentrations. In contrast to the control, the mean annual temperature, humidity, and carbon and nitrogen content increased by 4.9%-138.5% in ant nest soils, which explained 90.1%, 97.3%, 27.3%-90.0% of the variation in methane emissions, respectively. 3) Ant nesting affected the emission dynamics through changing the diversity and community structure of methane functional microbe. Compared with the control, the average annual methanogen diversity (Ace, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices) in the ant nest ranged from -9.9% to 61.2%, which were higher than those (-8.7%-31.2%) of the methane-oxidising bacterial communities. The relative abundance fluctuations of methanogens and methanotrophic bacteria were 46.76% and -6.33%, respectively. The explaining rate of methanogen diversity to methane emissions (78.4%) was higher than that of oxidizing bacterial diversity (54.5%), the relative abundance explained by the dominant genus of methanogens was 68.9%. 4) The structural equation model showed that methanogen diversity, methanotroph diversity, and soil moisture were the main factors controlling methane emissions, contributing 95.6%, 95.0%, and 91.2% to the variations of emissions, respectively. The contribution (73.1%-87.7%) of soil temperature and carbon and nitrogen components to the emission dynamics was ranked the second. Our results suggest that ant nesting mediates the seasonal dynamics of soil methane emissions, primarily through changing the diversity of methane-function microorganisms and soil water conditions. The research results deepen the understanding of the mechanism of biological regulation of methane emission in tropical forest soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p><p>"Planting conifer and reserving broadleaved tree" is an effective way to restore broad-leaved pine forest of temperate zone in Northeast China. Liberation cutting can promote the growth of Korean pine (<i>Pinus koraiensis</i>) under forest crown and accelerate the succession. However, how liberation cutting intensity affects the growth of Korean pine in secondary forest is still unclear. Taking the "Planting conifer and reserving broadleaved tree" Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain as the object, we constructed a growth model of diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height of Korean pine with double dummy variables (liberation cutting intensity and tree classification) to predict the growth of Korean pine plantation under different liberation cutting intensities, <i>i.e</i>. control (no liberation cutting), light-intensity liberation cutting (retaining upper canopy closure 0.6), medium-intensity liberation cutting (0.4), heavy-intensity liberation cutting (0.2) and clear cutting (cutting all upper broadleaf trees) stands. We analyzed the effects of liberation cutting intensities on DBH, tree height, and the ratio of tree height to DBH. The results showed that among six theoretical growth equations, the Gompertz model on the DBH (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i>=0.46) and tree height (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i>=0.81) was optimal basic model. The <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of the DBH model was increased to 0.65 and 0.89, respectively, after the single dummy variable and the double dummy variable were introduced into the basic model, while the <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of the tree height model was increased to 0.84 and 0.94. Therefore, the double dummy variable model was the most suitable for predicting the growth of Korean pine. The growth of DBH of pressed tree increased with the increases of liberation cutting intensity (increase by 145.8%-933.3%) during the whole simulation period (0-80 a). Average and dominant trees showed the same pattern at 42 and 60 a. In the early and middle stages of liberation cutting (20 and 42 a), clear cutting and heavy-intensity liberation cutting had similar effects on the height growth of dominant trees (64.8%-68.5%), average trees (100.0%-144.2%), and pressed trees (138.5%-183.9%). The effects of medium-intensity liberation cutting and light-intensity liberation cutting on the height growth were similar (24.3%-35.1%, 56.0%-92.3%, 84.6%-103.2%). While in the middle and late period (42 and 80 a), height growth of three grade trees increased with the increases of liberation cutting intensity. Under each liberation cutting intensity, the ratio of height to DBH of the dominant, average, and pressed trees increased successively, ranging from 0.50-0.95, 0.64-1.23, and 0.73-4.33, respectively. Only the pressed tree decreased with the increases of liberation cutting intensity at 0-80 a. Therefore, about 40 years after the implementation of liberation cutting, the promoting effect of different liberation cutting intensities on DBH growth w
{"title":"[Prediction of liberation cutting intensity effect on the growth of Korean pine in secondary forest based on double dummy variable model].","authors":"Xin-Hai Hao, Chang-Cheng Mu, Ya-Ru Cui, Wen-Hui Ji, Wen Xu, Hai-Ming Zhao","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Planting conifer and reserving broadleaved tree\" is an effective way to restore broad-leaved pine forest of temperate zone in Northeast China. Liberation cutting can promote the growth of Korean pine (<i>Pinus koraiensis</i>) under forest crown and accelerate the succession. However, how liberation cutting intensity affects the growth of Korean pine in secondary forest is still unclear. Taking the \"Planting conifer and reserving broadleaved tree\" Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain as the object, we constructed a growth model of diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height of Korean pine with double dummy variables (liberation cutting intensity and tree classification) to predict the growth of Korean pine plantation under different liberation cutting intensities, <i>i.e</i>. control (no liberation cutting), light-intensity liberation cutting (retaining upper canopy closure 0.6), medium-intensity liberation cutting (0.4), heavy-intensity liberation cutting (0.2) and clear cutting (cutting all upper broadleaf trees) stands. We analyzed the effects of liberation cutting intensities on DBH, tree height, and the ratio of tree height to DBH. The results showed that among six theoretical growth equations, the Gompertz model on the DBH (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i>=0.46) and tree height (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i>=0.81) was optimal basic model. The <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of the DBH model was increased to 0.65 and 0.89, respectively, after the single dummy variable and the double dummy variable were introduced into the basic model, while the <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of the tree height model was increased to 0.84 and 0.94. Therefore, the double dummy variable model was the most suitable for predicting the growth of Korean pine. The growth of DBH of pressed tree increased with the increases of liberation cutting intensity (increase by 145.8%-933.3%) during the whole simulation period (0-80 a). Average and dominant trees showed the same pattern at 42 and 60 a. In the early and middle stages of liberation cutting (20 and 42 a), clear cutting and heavy-intensity liberation cutting had similar effects on the height growth of dominant trees (64.8%-68.5%), average trees (100.0%-144.2%), and pressed trees (138.5%-183.9%). The effects of medium-intensity liberation cutting and light-intensity liberation cutting on the height growth were similar (24.3%-35.1%, 56.0%-92.3%, 84.6%-103.2%). While in the middle and late period (42 and 80 a), height growth of three grade trees increased with the increases of liberation cutting intensity. Under each liberation cutting intensity, the ratio of height to DBH of the dominant, average, and pressed trees increased successively, ranging from 0.50-0.95, 0.64-1.23, and 0.73-4.33, respectively. Only the pressed tree decreased with the increases of liberation cutting intensity at 0-80 a. Therefore, about 40 years after the implementation of liberation cutting, the promoting effect of different liberation cutting intensities on DBH growth w","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We established a mixed-effects model incorporating climatic factors for the base diameter and length of the primary branches of Larix kaempferi using stepwise regression, based on climatic data from a total of 40 standard plots located in Xiaolongshan, Gansu Province, Changlinggang Forest Farm in Jianshi County, Hubei Province, and Dagujia Forest Farm in Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province, as well as the data from 120 L. kaempferi sample trees. Additionally, we created prediction charts for the fixed effects portion of the optimal mixed model to determine the relationship between climatic factors and base diameter and branch length, to explore the differential response of L. kaempferi branches to climatic variables. The results showed that the base diameter mixing model with annual mean temperature and water vapor deficit and the branch length mixing model with annual mean temperature had the best fitting effect, with R2 of 0.6152 and 0.6823, respectively. Based on the fixed effects prediction chart of the mixed model, the overall basal diameter showed an increasing trend with the increases of relative branch depth. The average basal diameter size was in an order of young-aged plantationL. kaempferi. L. kaempferi would grow well in the environment with low temperature and high humidity.
{"title":"[Response of branch attributes of <i>Larix kaempferi</i> to climate variables].","authors":"Wei-Wei Jia, Min Fan, Dong-Sheng Chen, Li-Juan Sun, He-Zhi Wang, Bi-Xiao Chao","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We established a mixed-effects model incorporating climatic factors for the base diameter and length of the primary branches of <i>Larix kaempferi</i> using stepwise regression, based on climatic data from a total of 40 standard plots located in Xiaolongshan, Gansu Province, Changlinggang Forest Farm in Jianshi County, Hubei Province, and Dagujia Forest Farm in Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province, as well as the data from 120 <i>L. kaempferi</i> sample trees. Additionally, we created prediction charts for the fixed effects portion of the optimal mixed model to determine the relationship between climatic factors and base diameter and branch length, to explore the differential response of <i>L. kaempferi</i> branches to climatic variables. The results showed that the base diameter mixing model with annual mean temperature and water vapor deficit and the branch length mixing model with annual mean temperature had the best fitting effect, with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.6152 and 0.6823, respectively. Based on the fixed effects prediction chart of the mixed model, the overall basal diameter showed an increasing trend with the increases of relative branch depth. The average basal diameter size was in an order of young-aged plantation<middle-aged plantation<near mature plantation<mature plantation. The lower the annual mean temperature, the larger the base diameter and length. The larger the water vapor deficit value, the smaller the base diameter of the branches. Branch length was more sensitive to temperature compared with base diameter. In different developmental stages, the base diameter and branch length of mature plantation were the most sensitive to temperature, while the young plantation was the weakest. Among the rank trees, the base diameter and branch length of the dominant trees were the most sensitive to temperature, while the inferior trees were the weakest. Mixed effect model was more practical in tree modeling. Temperature and precipitation could affect the growth of <i>L. kaempferi</i>. <i>L. kaempferi</i> would grow well in the environment with low temperature and high humidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.002
Yi Wang, Ling-Bo Dong, Jing-Ning Shi
Quantifying the impact of competition on individual tree biomass and its distribution pattern can provide a basis for improving the prediction accuracy of forest biomass models. To accurately quantify the effects of competition factors on individual biomass and its distribution, we constructed three different individual biomass models by using nonlinear coupling equations based on the biomass survey data of 50 Larix gmelinii from 18 plots of Pangu Forest Farm in Daxing'an Mountains. M-1 was a traditional singly additive biomass model. M-2 and M-3 were models taking the distance dependent simple competition index (CI) and distance independent relative diameter (Rd) into account, respectively. Those models were used to reveal the influence of competition factors on the prediction accuracy and distribution pattern of single tree biomass model of L. gmelinii. The results showed that the adjusted R2 of three additive models ranged from 0.694 to 0.974, mean prediction errors ranged from -0.017 to 0.021, and mean absolute errors ranged from 0.152 to 0.357. The introduction of Rd could improve the fitting degree and prediction accuracy of most biomass models, but CI did not affect the model fitting effect and prediction ability. Among the three models, M-3 model had the best performance, with good fitting degree and prediction accuracy of the biomass of each part, which could accurately estimate the single tree biomass of L. gmelinii. Further simulation results showed that the variation of biomass with DBH was mainly affected by CI and Rd grade, and the influence of Rd was stronger than CI. CI had greater influence on root and dry biomass, but less influence on branch and leaf biomass. Rd had a more significant effect on biomass of branch and leaf than on that of root and trunk.
{"title":"[Effect of competition on the prediction accuracy of individual tree biomass model for natural <i>Larix gmelinii</i> forests].","authors":"Yi Wang, Ling-Bo Dong, Jing-Ning Shi","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantifying the impact of competition on individual tree biomass and its distribution pattern can provide a basis for improving the prediction accuracy of forest biomass models. To accurately quantify the effects of competition factors on individual biomass and its distribution, we constructed three different individual biomass models by using nonlinear coupling equations based on the biomass survey data of 50 <i>Larix gmelinii</i> from 18 plots of Pangu Forest Farm in Daxing'an Mountains. M-1 was a traditional singly additive biomass model. M-2 and M-3 were models taking the distance dependent simple competition index (CI) and distance independent relative diameter (<i>R</i><sub>d</sub>) into account, respectively. Those models were used to reveal the influence of competition factors on the prediction accuracy and distribution pattern of single tree biomass model of <i>L. gmelinii</i>. The results showed that the adjusted <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of three additive models ranged from 0.694 to 0.974, mean prediction errors ranged from -0.017 to 0.021, and mean absolute errors ranged from 0.152 to 0.357. The introduction of <i>R</i><sub>d</sub> could improve the fitting degree and prediction accuracy of most biomass models, but CI did not affect the model fitting effect and prediction ability. Among the three models, M-3 model had the best performance, with good fitting degree and prediction accuracy of the biomass of each part, which could accurately estimate the single tree biomass of <i>L. gmelinii</i>. Further simulation results showed that the variation of biomass with DBH was mainly affected by CI and <i>R</i><sub>d</sub> grade, and the influence of <i>R</i><sub>d</sub> was stronger than CI. CI had greater influence on root and dry biomass, but less influence on branch and leaf biomass. <i>R</i><sub>d</sub> had a more significant effect on biomass of branch and leaf than on that of root and trunk.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.012
Jun-Ru Chen, Zi-Hao Jiang, Bo Xiao, Yu-Hang Yang, Wei-Qiang Dou, You-Song Cao
In the hilly region of Chinese Loess Plateau, rainwater harvesting is a common ecological engineering measure utilized to reduce soil erosion and amplify the efficiency of water resource utilization. However, the effects on rainwater harvesting and the chief influencing factors of biocrusts as a potential material are unclear. In this study, we conducted a field simulation experiment with intensities of 40, 60, 80, and 100 mm·h-1 between bare soil and biocrusts developed in aeolian soils, with bare soil as a control to explore the differences of the initial abstraction time, cumulative rainfall amount, and rainfall harvesting efficiency. We further analyzed the influencing factors of the rainwater harvesting effect. The results showed that the biocrusted soil-surfaces significantly decreased the initial abstraction time. When compared with the cyano biocrusts and bare soil, the reduction of the initial abstraction time of moss biocrusts was decreased by 49.7%-77.5% and 89.7%-110.0% when the rainfall intensities ranged from 40 to 100 mm·h-1 and the slope was 40°. In addition, biocrusted soil surfaces significantly increased the cumulative rainfall amount and rainfall harvesting efficiency. These differences were considerable amongst the dissimilar surface cover types. In comparison to bare soil, when the rainfall intensity was 100 mm·h-1 and the slope was 40°, the cumulative rainfall harvesting efficiency of moss and cyano biocrusts was increased by 29.6% and 7.8%, respectively. Both moss and cyano biocrusts increased rainfall harvesting efficiency of 25.7% and 6.8%, respectively. Variance analysis demonstrated that the rainfall harvesting efficiency was appreciably affected by surface cover type, slope, and rainfall intensity. The interaction between these factors was considerable except for slope and rainfall intensity. Additionally, important considerations for the actual construction included slope length, slope, and biocrust cultivation. In conclusion, biocrusted soil-surfaces have a high rainfall harvesting efficiency, but moss biocrusts have a much greater rain-collecting effect that improves even more as the slope and intensity of the rain increases.
{"title":"[Rainwater harvesting effect of biocrusted soil-surfaces and the key influencing factors in the hilly region of Chinese Loess Plateau].","authors":"Jun-Ru Chen, Zi-Hao Jiang, Bo Xiao, Yu-Hang Yang, Wei-Qiang Dou, You-Song Cao","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the hilly region of Chinese Loess Plateau, rainwater harvesting is a common ecological engineering measure utilized to reduce soil erosion and amplify the efficiency of water resource utilization. However, the effects on rainwater harvesting and the chief influencing factors of biocrusts as a potential material are unclear. In this study, we conducted a field simulation experiment with intensities of 40, 60, 80, and 100 mm·h<sup>-1</sup> between bare soil and biocrusts developed in aeolian soils, with bare soil as a control to explore the differences of the initial abstraction time, cumulative rainfall amount, and rainfall harvesting efficiency. We further analyzed the influencing factors of the rainwater harvesting effect. The results showed that the biocrusted soil-surfaces significantly decreased the initial abstraction time. When compared with the cyano biocrusts and bare soil, the reduction of the initial abstraction time of moss biocrusts was decreased by 49.7%-77.5% and 89.7%-110.0% when the rainfall intensities ranged from 40 to 100 mm·h<sup>-1</sup> and the slope was 40°. In addition, biocrusted soil surfaces significantly increased the cumulative rainfall amount and rainfall harvesting efficiency. These differences were considerable amongst the dissimilar surface cover types. In comparison to bare soil, when the rainfall intensity was 100 mm·h<sup>-1</sup> and the slope was 40°, the cumulative rainfall harvesting efficiency of moss and cyano biocrusts was increased by 29.6% and 7.8%, respectively. Both moss and cyano biocrusts increased rainfall harvesting efficiency of 25.7% and 6.8%, respectively. Variance analysis demonstrated that the rainfall harvesting efficiency was appreciably affected by surface cover type, slope, and rainfall intensity. The interaction between these factors was considerable except for slope and rainfall intensity. Additionally, important considerations for the actual construction included slope length, slope, and biocrust cultivation. In conclusion, biocrusted soil-surfaces have a high rainfall harvesting efficiency, but moss biocrusts have a much greater rain-collecting effect that improves even more as the slope and intensity of the rain increases.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}