Reasonable soybean-maize intercropping mode can effectively promote soil phosphorus turnover and crop phosphorus absorption, and reduce phosphorus fertilizer input. To optimize phosphorus (P)-use efficiency in soybean/maize intercropping system, we intercropped two genotypes of soybean with maize to investigate the rhizosphere processes and mechanisms underlying soil biological P fractions and crop P uptake. The results showed that intercropping significantly depleted the rhizosphere soluble inorganic P (CaCl2-P) content in soybean genotype Yuechun 03-3, without impact on the P fractions in the rhizosphere of soybean Essex. Similarly, intercropping significantly increased biomass and P uptake of soybean genotype Yuechun 03-3 by 42.2% and 46.9%, respectively, compared to monoculture. However, it did not affect P uptake and biomass of soybean Essex and maize. Intercropping significantly increased both the total root length and the quantity of root exudates in Yuechun 03-3 by 19.7% and 138.1%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between P uptake and total root length in Yuechun 03-3, while a significant negative correlation between soluble inorganic P content and P uptake. In summary, intercropping of soybean and maize exhibited noticeable genotype differences in its impact on soil P fractions and crop P uptake. Intercropping has the potential to improve soybean P uptake and rhizosphere P turnover, mainly by increasing root length and root exudates of P-efficient genotype. The study would provide scientific evidence for optimizing the pairing of soybean and maize varieties in intercropping systems, thereby enhancing phosphorus utilization efficiency and reducing fertilizer inputs.
{"title":"[Effects of different genotypes soybean and maize intercropping on soil phosphorus fractions and crop phosphorus uptake].","authors":"Xiao-Hui Zhu, Jing-Lin Tan, Hui-Ying Zhou, Tian-Qi Wang, Bing-Bing Zhang, Xing Lu, Ji-Hui Tian, Cui-Yue Liang, Jiang Tian","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.013","DOIUrl":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reasonable soybean-maize intercropping mode can effectively promote soil phosphorus turnover and crop phosphorus absorption, and reduce phosphorus fertilizer input. To optimize phosphorus (P)-use efficiency in soybean/maize intercropping system, we intercropped two genotypes of soybean with maize to investigate the rhizosphere processes and mechanisms underlying soil biological P fractions and crop P uptake. The results showed that intercropping significantly depleted the rhizosphere soluble inorganic P (CaCl<sub>2</sub>-P) content in soybean genotype Yuechun 03-3, without impact on the P fractions in the rhizosphere of soybean Essex. Similarly, intercropping significantly increased biomass and P uptake of soybean genotype Yuechun 03-3 by 42.2% and 46.9%, respectively, compared to monoculture. However, it did not affect P uptake and biomass of soybean Essex and maize. Intercropping significantly increased both the total root length and the quantity of root exudates in Yuechun 03-3 by 19.7% and 138.1%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between P uptake and total root length in Yuechun 03-3, while a significant negative correlation between soluble inorganic P content and P uptake. In summary, intercropping of soybean and maize exhibited noticeable genotype differences in its impact on soil P fractions and crop P uptake. Intercropping has the potential to improve soybean P uptake and rhizosphere P turnover, mainly by increasing root length and root exudates of P-efficient genotype. The study would provide scientific evidence for optimizing the pairing of soybean and maize varieties in intercropping systems, thereby enhancing phosphorus utilization efficiency and reducing fertilizer inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies on niche and interspecific association can reveal plant interspecific relationship in the community, and provide theoretical support for promoting the transformation and development of plantation to natural forest. Based on Cunninghamia lanceolata investigation data of permanent plots of plantation in Jianfengling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, we analyzed niche and interspecific association of the top 20 woody species in the community according to their importance values. The results showed that there were 163 species of woody species belonging to 101 genera and 55 families in the C. lanceolata plantation community, with complex species composition. As a constructive species, C. lanceolata had the highest importance value and niche breadth, and thus was the absolute dominant species in the community. It had a large niche overlap and niche similarity with many other species, among which the highest was observed in Adinandra hainanensis. The average niche overlap and niche similarity of the community were 0.54 and 0.49, respectively. The change trends of those two niche indicators were basically the same, indicating that some species were similar in resource demands. The overall association of main woody species was significantly positive. The χ2 test, association coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient suggested that the amounts of pairs with positive association were more than that with negative ones. The proportion of significant association species pairs was relatively low, indicating that the community stability was strong, species could coexist stably, and most species did not form close ties. On the whole, C. lanceolata had inhibited the regeneration of original tree species, and A. hainanensis, Garcinia oblongifolia, and Heptapleurum heptaphyllum could be used in natural transformation and restoration of C. lanceolata plantation in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.
{"title":"[Niche and interspecific association of main woody plants in <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> plantation community in Jianfengling, China].","authors":"Ru Wang, Wen-Cheng Peng, Jia Yang, Biao Wu, Bi-Jia Zhang, Li-Guo Liao","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies on niche and interspecific association can reveal plant interspecific relationship in the community, and provide theoretical support for promoting the transformation and development of plantation to natural forest. Based on <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i> investigation data of permanent plots of plantation in Jianfengling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, we analyzed niche and interspecific association of the top 20 woody species in the community according to their importance values. The results showed that there were 163 species of woody species belonging to 101 genera and 55 families in the <i>C. lanceolata</i> plantation community, with complex species composition. As a constructive species, <i>C. lanceolata</i> had the highest importance value and niche breadth, and thus was the absolute dominant species in the community. It had a large niche overlap and niche similarity with many other species, among which the highest was observed in <i>Adinandra hainanensis</i>. The average niche overlap and niche similarity of the community were 0.54 and 0.49, respectively. The change trends of those two niche indicators were basically the same, indicating that some species were similar in resource demands. The overall association of main woody species was significantly positive. The <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> test, association coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient suggested that the amounts of pairs with positive association were more than that with negative ones. The proportion of significant association species pairs was relatively low, indicating that the community stability was strong, species could coexist stably, and most species did not form close ties. On the whole, <i>C. lanceolata</i> had inhibited the regeneration of original tree species, and <i>A. hainanensis</i>, <i>Garcinia oblongifolia</i>, and <i>Heptapleurum heptaphyllum</i> could be used in natural transformation and restoration of <i>C. lanceolata</i> plantation in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil organic matter serves as a crucial indicator for soil quality. Albic soil, characterized by a barrier layer, exhibits limitations in organic matter content, which can adversely affect crop growth and development. To elucidate the impact of deep mixing of various organic materials on the redistribution of organic matter in the surface soil of albic soil could provide theoretical and technical insights for establishing suitable plough layers for albic soil in Northeast China. We conducted a two-year positioning experiment in Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang Province with five treatments, conventional shallow tillage (0-15 cm, CK), inversion tillage (0-35 cm) without or with straw return (T35 and T35+S), inversion tillage with cattle manure (T35+M) and cattle manure plus maize straw (T35+S+M). The results showed that soil fertilization via deep mixing of organic materials to a depth of 35 cm significantly increased maize yield in albic soil, with the T35+S+M treatment demonstrating the most pronounced effect, yielding an average production of 2934.76 kg·hm-2. Compared to CK, the T35 treatment resulted in a significant 8.4% decrease in organic matter content in the tillage layer, a significant 7.6% increase in organic matter in the sub-tillage layer, and a relative richness degree of soil organic matter in the sub-tillage layer increased by 17.5%. Deep mixed return of organic materials following deep ploughing markedly increased organic matter content of the plough layer, with organic matter conversion ranging from 16.3% to 31.0%. In comparison to the T35 treatment, there was no significant increase in soil organic matter content in the T35+S tillage layer and sub-tillage layer. Conversely, soil organic matter content increased by 4.6% and 6.9% in the T35+M and T35+S+M treatments, with corresponding increase of 11.2% and 15.4% in sub-tillage layer, respectively. Additionally, the soil organic matter richness index in sub-tillage layer increased by 2.5% and 5.1%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between organic matter content in the entire plough layer and maize yield, with a contribution rate of 17.5%. Therefore, the utilization of organic fertilizer or a combination of organic fertilizer and straw deep mixing can quickly fertilize albic soil by increasing soil organic matter content in both the whole tillage layer (0-35 cm) and the sub-tillage layer (15-35 cm).
{"title":"[Construction effect of fertile cultivated layer in albic soil Ⅰ Effects of inversion tillage with organic mate-rials on the redistribution of organic matter in surface layer of albic soil].","authors":"Rui-Min Gao, Jun Yan, Xiao-Zeng Han, Xu Chen, Wen-Xiu Zou, Xin-Chun Lu, Yong-Jie Piao, Rui Jiang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil organic matter serves as a crucial indicator for soil quality. Albic soil, characterized by a barrier layer, exhibits limitations in organic matter content, which can adversely affect crop growth and development. To elucidate the impact of deep mixing of various organic materials on the redistribution of organic matter in the surface soil of albic soil could provide theoretical and technical insights for establishing suitable plough layers for albic soil in Northeast China. We conducted a two-year positioning experiment in Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang Province with five treatments, conventional shallow tillage (0-15 cm, CK), inversion tillage (0-35 cm) without or with straw return (T<sub>35</sub> and T<sub>35</sub>+S), inversion tillage with cattle manure (T<sub>35</sub>+M) and cattle manure plus maize straw (T<sub>35</sub>+S+M). The results showed that soil fertilization via deep mixing of organic materials to a depth of 35 cm significantly increased maize yield in albic soil, with the T<sub>35</sub>+S+M treatment demonstrating the most pronounced effect, yielding an average production of 2934.76 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>. Compared to CK, the T<sub>35</sub> treatment resulted in a significant 8.4% decrease in organic matter content in the tillage layer, a significant 7.6% increase in organic matter in the sub-tillage layer, and a relative richness degree of soil organic matter in the sub-tillage layer increased by 17.5%. Deep mixed return of organic materials following deep ploughing markedly increased organic matter content of the plough layer, with organic matter conversion ranging from 16.3% to 31.0%. In comparison to the T<sub>35</sub> treatment, there was no significant increase in soil organic matter content in the T<sub>35</sub>+S tillage layer and sub-tillage layer. Conversely, soil organic matter content increased by 4.6% and 6.9% in the T<sub>35</sub>+M and T<sub>35</sub>+S+M treatments, with corresponding increase of 11.2% and 15.4% in sub-tillage layer, respectively. Additionally, the soil organic matter richness index in sub-tillage layer increased by 2.5% and 5.1%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between organic matter content in the entire plough layer and maize yield, with a contribution rate of 17.5%. Therefore, the utilization of organic fertilizer or a combination of organic fertilizer and straw deep mixing can quickly fertilize albic soil by increasing soil organic matter content in both the whole tillage layer (0-35 cm) and the sub-tillage layer (15-35 cm).</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.001
Ze Liu, Jun Li, Song-Lin Shi, Rui Yang, Wen-Wen Luo, Yi-Lin Ma, Xiao-Juan Bie, Guo-Yan Wang
The radial growth of trees in alpine timberline is particularly sensitive to climate change. We sampled and disposed tree-ring cores of three coniferous tree species including Juniperus saltuaria, Abies forrestii, and Larix potaninii at alpine timberline in Yading Nature Reserve. The standard tree-ring chronology was used to explore the response of radial growth of different timberline species to climate change. The results showed that radial growth of L. potaninii increased after 2000, while that of A. forrestii declined after 2002, and J. saltuaria showed a significant decreasing growth trend in the past 10 years. Such results indicated divergent growth responses to climate factors among the three tree species at alpine timberline. The radial growth of J. saltuaria was sensitive to temperature, and was positively correlated with the minimum temperature from previous October to current August, the mean tempera-ture from previous November to current April and from current July to October, but was negatively associated with the relative humidity from current July to October. The radial growth of A. forrestii showed negative correlation with mean temperature and the maximum temperature from May to June in the current year, while it exhibited positive association with the relative humidity and the Palmer drought severity index from May to June in the current year. L. potaninii radial growth was positively associated with mean temperature and the maximum temperature of November-December in the previous year, the maximum temperature of current March and mean temperature of current August. The temporal stability of climate-growth relationship varied among different timberline species. The positive correlation between radial growth of A. forrestii and J. saltuaria and temperature gradually decreased, while the posi-tive relationship of L. potaninii radial growth and temperature gradually increased. Under the background of climate warming, rapid rise in surface air temperatures may promote the radial growth of L. potaninii, while inhibit that of J. saltuaria and A. forrestii, which may change the position of regional timberline.
高寒林线树木的径向生长对气候变化特别敏感。我们对亚丁自然保护区高寒林线上的三种针叶树种,包括桧柏、柞树和梭梭,进行了取样和树芯处理。研究采用标准树环年代学方法探讨了不同林线树种的径向生长对气候变化的响应。结果表明,2000年后L. potaninii的径向生长量增加,而A. forrestii的径向生长量在2002年后下降,J. saltuaria在过去10年中的径向生长量呈显著下降趋势。这些结果表明,在高山林线上,三种树木的生长对气候因素的反应各不相同。盐肤木的径向生长对温度很敏感,与前一年10月至当年8月的最低气温、前一年11月至当年4月以及当年7月至10月的平均气温呈正相关,但与当年7月至10月的相对湿度呈负相关。A.forrestii的径向生长与当年5月至6月的平均气温和最高气温呈负相关,而与当年5月至6月的相对湿度和帕尔默干旱严重程度指数呈正相关。L.potaninii的径向生长与前一年11-12月的平均气温和最高气温、当年3月的最高气温和当年8月的平均气温呈正相关。气候与生长关系的时间稳定性在不同林缘树种之间存在差异。A.forrestii和J.saltuaria径向生长与温度的正相关关系逐渐减弱,而L. potaninii径向生长与温度的正相关关系逐渐增强。在气候变暖的背景下,地表气温的快速上升可能会促进 L. potaninii 的径向生长,而抑制 J. saltuaria 和 A. forrestii 的径向生长,从而改变区域林线的位置。
{"title":"[Response of radial growth of different timberline species to climate change in Yading Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China].","authors":"Ze Liu, Jun Li, Song-Lin Shi, Rui Yang, Wen-Wen Luo, Yi-Lin Ma, Xiao-Juan Bie, Guo-Yan Wang","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The radial growth of trees in alpine timberline is particularly sensitive to climate change. We sampled and disposed tree-ring cores of three coniferous tree species including <i>Juniperus saltuaria</i>, <i>Abies forrestii</i>, and <i>Larix potaninii</i> at alpine timberline in Yading Nature Reserve. The standard tree-ring chronology was used to explore the response of radial growth of different timberline species to climate change. The results showed that radial growth of <i>L. potaninii</i> increased after 2000, while that of <i>A. forrestii</i> declined after 2002, and <i>J. saltuaria</i> showed a significant decreasing growth trend in the past 10 years. Such results indicated divergent growth responses to climate factors among the three tree species at alpine timberline. The radial growth of <i>J. saltuaria</i> was sensitive to temperature, and was positively correlated with the minimum temperature from previous October to current August, the mean tempera-ture from previous November to current April and from current July to October, but was negatively associated with the relative humidity from current July to October. The radial growth of <i>A. forrestii</i> showed negative correlation with mean temperature and the maximum temperature from May to June in the current year, while it exhibited positive association with the relative humidity and the Palmer drought severity index from May to June in the current year. <i>L. potaninii</i> radial growth was positively associated with mean temperature and the maximum temperature of November-December in the previous year, the maximum temperature of current March and mean temperature of current August. The temporal stability of climate-growth relationship varied among different timberline species. The positive correlation between radial growth of <i>A. forrestii</i> and <i>J. saltuaria</i> and temperature gradually decreased, while the posi-tive relationship of <i>L. potaninii</i> radial growth and temperature gradually increased. Under the background of climate warming, rapid rise in surface air temperatures may promote the radial growth of <i>L. potaninii</i>, while inhibit that of <i>J. saltuaria</i> and <i>A. forrestii</i>, which may change the position of regional timberline.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.027
Shao-Tong Fu, Chen-Xi He, Jia-Kai Ma, Ben Wang, Zhi-Lei Zhen
Shanxi Province holds an important strategic position in the overall ecological pattern of the Yellow River Basin. To investigate the changes of the ecological environment in the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020, we selected MODIS remote sensing image data to determine the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) based on the principal component analysis of greenness, humidity, dryness, and heat. Then, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of ecological quality in this region to explore the influencing factors. We further used the CA-Markov model to simulate and predict the ecological environment under different development scenarios in the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin in 2030. The results showed that RSEI had good applicability in the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin which could be used to monitor and evaluate the spatiotemporal variations in its ecological environment. From 2000 to 2020, the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin was dominated by low quality habitat areas, in which the ecological environment quality continued to improve from 2000 to 2010 and decreased from 2010 to 2020. The high quality habitat areas mainly located on the mountainous areas with superior natural conditions and rich biodiversity, while the low ecological quality areas were mainly in the Taiyuan Basin and the northern part of the study area, where the mining industry developed well. Climate factors were negatively correlated with ecological environment quality in the northern and central parts of the study area, and positively correlated with that in the mountainous area. Under all three development scenarios, the area of cultivated land, forest, water and construction land increased in 2030 compared to that in 2020. Compared to the natural development scenario and the cultivated land protection scenario, the ecological constraint scenario with RSEI as the limiting factor had the highest area of new forest and the lowest expansion rate of cultivated land and construction land. The results would provide a reference for land space planning and ecological environment protection in the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin.
{"title":"[Ecological environment quality of the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin under different development scenarios].","authors":"Shao-Tong Fu, Chen-Xi He, Jia-Kai Ma, Ben Wang, Zhi-Lei Zhen","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shanxi Province holds an important strategic position in the overall ecological pattern of the Yellow River Basin. To investigate the changes of the ecological environment in the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020, we selected MODIS remote sensing image data to determine the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) based on the principal component analysis of greenness, humidity, dryness, and heat. Then, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of ecological quality in this region to explore the influencing factors. We further used the CA-Markov model to simulate and predict the ecological environment under different development scenarios in the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin in 2030. The results showed that RSEI had good applicability in the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin which could be used to monitor and evaluate the spatiotemporal variations in its ecological environment. From 2000 to 2020, the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin was dominated by low quality habitat areas, in which the ecological environment quality continued to improve from 2000 to 2010 and decreased from 2010 to 2020. The high quality habitat areas mainly located on the mountainous areas with superior natural conditions and rich biodiversity, while the low ecological quality areas were mainly in the Taiyuan Basin and the northern part of the study area, where the mining industry developed well. Climate factors were negatively correlated with ecological environment quality in the northern and central parts of the study area, and positively correlated with that in the mountainous area. Under all three development scenarios, the area of cultivated land, forest, water and construction land increased in 2030 compared to that in 2020. Compared to the natural development scenario and the cultivated land protection scenario, the ecological constraint scenario with RSEI as the limiting factor had the highest area of new forest and the lowest expansion rate of cultivated land and construction land. The results would provide a reference for land space planning and ecological environment protection in the Shanxi section of the Yellow River Basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.022
Rui Zhong, Jiao-Yue Wang, Ting-Ting Xu, Feng-Ming Xi, Mei Han, Qin-Qin Hu, Long-Fei Bing, Yan Yin
The energy oriented mine ecological restoration mode of photovoltaic+ecological restoration provides a breakthrough for alleviating the dilemma of photovoltaic land development and solving the urgent need for restoration of abandoned mining land. Taking a mining area in central Liaoning Province as an example, we established three photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration modes, including forest-photovoltaic complementary, agriculture-photovoltaic, and grass photovoltaic complementation. Combined with the life cycle assessment method, we calculated and assessed the potential of photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration in carbon reduction and sink enhancement. The average annual carbon reduction and sink increase was 514.93 t CO2·hm-2 under the photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration mode, while the average annual carbon reduction per megawatt photovoltaic power station was 1242.94 t CO2. The adoption of photovoltaic+ecological restoration mode in this mining area could make carbon reduction and sink enhancement 6.30-7.79 Mt CO2 during 25 years. The carbon reduction and sink increment mainly stemmed from the photovoltaic clean power generation induced carbon reduction, accounting for 96.4%-99.4%, while the contribution of ecosystem carbon sink increment was small, accounting for only 0.6%-3.7% of the total. Among different photovoltaic+ecological restoration modes, the carbon reduction and sink increment was the largest in forest-photovoltaic complementary (7.11 Mt CO2), followed by agriculture-photovoltaic (7.04 Mt CO2), and the least in grass photovoltaic complementation (6.98 Mt CO2). Constructing the development mode of "photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration" could effectively leverage the dual benefits of reducing emissions from photovoltaic power generation and increase sinks from mining ecological restoration, which would be helpful for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in China.
{"title":"[Assessment of carbon reduction and sink enhancement potential of photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration model].","authors":"Rui Zhong, Jiao-Yue Wang, Ting-Ting Xu, Feng-Ming Xi, Mei Han, Qin-Qin Hu, Long-Fei Bing, Yan Yin","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The energy oriented mine ecological restoration mode of photovoltaic+ecological restoration provides a breakthrough for alleviating the dilemma of photovoltaic land development and solving the urgent need for restoration of abandoned mining land. Taking a mining area in central Liaoning Province as an example, we established three photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration modes, including forest-photovoltaic complementary, agriculture-photovoltaic, and grass photovoltaic complementation. Combined with the life cycle assessment method, we calculated and assessed the potential of photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration in carbon reduction and sink enhancement. The average annual carbon reduction and sink increase was 514.93 t CO<sub>2</sub>·hm<sup>-2</sup> under the photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration mode, while the average annual carbon reduction per megawatt photovoltaic power station was 1242.94 t CO<sub>2</sub>. The adoption of photovoltaic+ecological restoration mode in this mining area could make carbon reduction and sink enhancement 6.30-7.79 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> during 25 years. The carbon reduction and sink increment mainly stemmed from the photovoltaic clean power generation induced carbon reduction, accounting for 96.4%-99.4%, while the contribution of ecosystem carbon sink increment was small, accounting for only 0.6%-3.7% of the total. Among different photovoltaic+ecological restoration modes, the carbon reduction and sink increment was the largest in forest-photovoltaic complementary (7.11 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>), followed by agriculture-photovoltaic (7.04 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>), and the least in grass photovoltaic complementation (6.98 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>). Constructing the development mode of \"photovoltaic+mining ecological restoration\" could effectively leverage the dual benefits of reducing emissions from photovoltaic power generation and increase sinks from mining ecological restoration, which would be helpful for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change significantly affects plant biomass and phenological occurrence time in alpine grasslands of Tibetan Plateau. The changes in phenological periods are closely related to the length of vegetative and reproductive growth periods, which may further affect aboveground biomass accumulation. In this study, based on fixed-point observations of plant biomass and phenology as well as the corresponding climatic data from 1997 to 2020 in the alpine grasslands of Tibetan Plateau, we used statistical methods such as ordinary linear regression and piecewise structural equation model to explore the characteristics of interannual climate change in the study area, the variation trends of plant biomass and phenological periods, and the correlations between biomass and phenological and climatic factors. The results showed that mean annual temperature and annual precipitation in the study area increased significantly from 1997 to 2020, suggesting a clear "warm-wet" trend. Aboveground biomass and relative biomass of Stipa sareptana var. krylovii (the dominant species) decreased significantly. However, absolute and relative biomass of subdominant species (Kobresia humilis) increased significantly, indicating that the dominance of K. humilis increased. The warm-wet climates enhanced aboveground biomass accumulation of K. humilis by extending the period of reproductive growth. Mean annual temperature and annual precipitation decreased aboveground biomass of S. sareptana by shortening the length of vegetative growth period. In a word, the warmer and wetter climate significantly affected aboveground biomass accumulation by regulating the changes in the phenological period, and the interspecific difference in their response resulted in a larger change in community composition. This study area may show a trend from alpine grassland to alpine meadow, and thus further works are urgently needed.
气候变化对青藏高原高寒草地的植物生物量和物候期有明显影响。物候期的变化与植物生长期和生殖生长期的长短密切相关,可能进一步影响地上生物量的积累。本研究基于青藏高原高寒草地1997-2020年植物生物量和物候期的定点观测数据以及相应的气候数据,采用普通线性回归和片断结构方程模型等统计方法,探讨了研究区年际气候变化特征、植物生物量和物候期的变化趋势以及生物量与物候、气候因子之间的相关性。结果表明,1997-2020年研究区年平均气温和年降水量显著增加,呈现明显的 "暖湿 "趋势。Stipa sareptana var. krylovii(优势种)的地上生物量和相对生物量显著下降。然而,次优势物种(Kobresia humilis)的绝对生物量和相对生物量却大幅增加,表明 K. humilis 的优势地位增强。温暖湿润的气候延长了蒿属植物的生殖生长期,从而增加了其地上生物量的积累。年平均气温和年降水量缩短了 S. sareptana 的无性生长期,从而减少了其地上生物量。总之,较暖较湿的气候通过调节物候期的变化显著影响了地上生物量的积累,其种间反应的差异导致群落组成发生了较大的变化。该研究区域可能呈现出从高山草地向高山草甸发展的趋势,因此急需开展进一步的工作。
{"title":"[Climate change affects plant aboveground biomass by regulating the growth periods in alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau, China].","authors":"Cong-Ying Yang, Ying Ding, Fu-Lin Ma, Hua-Kun Zhou, Xiao-Li Wang, Qiang Zhang, Xiao-Wei Liu, Wubuli Mutalifu, Liang Guo","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change significantly affects plant biomass and phenological occurrence time in alpine grasslands of Tibetan Plateau. The changes in phenological periods are closely related to the length of vegetative and reproductive growth periods, which may further affect aboveground biomass accumulation. In this study, based on fixed-point observations of plant biomass and phenology as well as the corresponding climatic data from 1997 to 2020 in the alpine grasslands of Tibetan Plateau, we used statistical methods such as ordinary linear regression and piecewise structural equation model to explore the characteristics of interannual climate change in the study area, the variation trends of plant biomass and phenological periods, and the correlations between biomass and phenological and climatic factors. The results showed that mean annual temperature and annual precipitation in the study area increased significantly from 1997 to 2020, suggesting a clear \"warm-wet\" trend. Aboveground biomass and relative biomass of <i>Stipa sareptana</i> var. <i>krylovii</i> (the dominant species) decreased significantly. However, absolute and relative biomass of subdominant species (<i>Kobresia humilis</i>) increased significantly, indicating that the dominance of <i>K. humilis</i> increased. The warm-wet climates enhanced aboveground biomass accumulation of <i>K. humilis</i> by extending the period of reproductive growth. Mean annual temperature and annual precipitation decreased aboveground biomass of <i>S. sareptana</i> by shortening the length of vegetative growth period. In a word, the warmer and wetter climate significantly affected aboveground biomass accumulation by regulating the changes in the phenological period, and the interspecific difference in their response resulted in a larger change in community composition. This study area may show a trend from alpine grassland to alpine meadow, and thus further works are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.002
Jun Li, Ze Liu, Pai Wang, Rui Yang, Feng-Ming Shi, Jie Deng, Guo-Yan Wang, Song-Lin Shi
Global warming would significantly impact tree growth in the Tibetan Plateau. However, the specific effects of climate change on the radial growth of Pinus wallichiana in Mount Qomolangma are still uncertain. To investigate the responses of radial growth of P. wallichiana to climate change, we analyzed tree-ring samples in Mount Qomolangma. We removed the age-related growth trends and established three chronologies by using the modified negative exponential curve, basal area index, and regional curve standardization, and conducted Pearson correlation and moving correlation analyses to examine the association between radial growth of P. wallichiana and climatic factors. The results showed that this region had experienced a significant upward trend in temperature and that the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) indicated a decreasing trend since 1980s, while the relative humi-dity changed from a significant upward to a downward trend around 2004, implying the climate shifted toward warmer and drier. Results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant and positive relationship between the radial growth of P. wallichiana and the minimum temperature of April-June and July-September, and precipitation of January-April in the current year. The radial growth of P. wallichiana was significantly and negatively associated with the relative humidity of June, July, and August in the current year. As temperature rose after 1983, the relationship between radial growth of P. wallichiana and the minimum temperature in July and September of the current year increased from a non-significant association to a significant and positive association, while the relationship between radial growth of P. wallichiana and relative humidity in August and precipitation in September of the current year changed from non-significant correlation to a significant and negative correlation. Results of the moving correlation analysis suggested that the radial growth of P. wallichiana showed a significant and stable correlation with the July-September minimum temperature of the current year. Under the background of climate warming, the rapid increases of temperature would accelerate the radial growth of P. wallichiana in Mount Qomolangma.
{"title":"[Response of radial growth of <i>Pinus wallichiana</i> to climate change in Mount Qomolangma, Tibet, China].","authors":"Jun Li, Ze Liu, Pai Wang, Rui Yang, Feng-Ming Shi, Jie Deng, Guo-Yan Wang, Song-Lin Shi","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global warming would significantly impact tree growth in the Tibetan Plateau. However, the specific effects of climate change on the radial growth of <i>Pinus wallichiana</i> in Mount Qomolangma are still uncertain. To investigate the responses of radial growth of <i>P. wallichiana</i> to climate change, we analyzed tree-ring samples in Mount Qomolangma. We removed the age-related growth trends and established three chronologies by using the modified negative exponential curve, basal area index, and regional curve standardization, and conducted Pearson correlation and moving correlation analyses to examine the association between radial growth of <i>P. wallichiana</i> and climatic factors. The results showed that this region had experienced a significant upward trend in temperature and that the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) indicated a decreasing trend since 1980s, while the relative humi-dity changed from a significant upward to a downward trend around 2004, implying the climate shifted toward warmer and drier. Results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant and positive relationship between the radial growth of <i>P. wallichiana</i> and the minimum temperature of April-June and July-September, and precipitation of January-April in the current year. The radial growth of <i>P. wallichiana</i> was significantly and negatively associated with the relative humidity of June, July, and August in the current year. As temperature rose after 1983, the relationship between radial growth of <i>P. wallichiana</i> and the minimum temperature in July and September of the current year increased from a non-significant association to a significant and positive association, while the relationship between radial growth of <i>P. wallichiana</i> and relative humidity in August and precipitation in September of the current year changed from non-significant correlation to a significant and negative correlation. Results of the moving correlation analysis suggested that the radial growth of <i>P. wallichiana</i> showed a significant and stable correlation with the July-September minimum temperature of the current year. Under the background of climate warming, the rapid increases of temperature would accelerate the radial growth of <i>P. wallichiana</i> in Mount Qomolangma.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clarifying current situation of farmers' fertilization and yield in citrus producing areas and the effects of different fertilization measures can provide a scientific basis for improving the yield and quality of citrus in China. We retrieved 92 literatures on citrus fertilization from the CNKI and Web of Science to examine the impacts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P or P2O5), and potassium (K or K2O) fertilizer dosage and partial productivity under farmers' conventional fertilization and experts' optimized fertilization, as well as the effects of optimized fertilization measures on citrus yield and quality by using meta-analysis approach. The average conventional application rates of N, P2O5, and K2O were 507.3, 262.2, and 369.3 kg·hm-2 in citrus production in China. Compared with conventional fertilization, optimized fertilization resulted in a reduction of N and P2O5 by 14.7% and 8.3%, an increase in K2O application by 6.6%, which promoted partial productivity of N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizers by 7.8%, 18.4%, and 14.7%, correspondingly. The optimized fertilization resulted in 11.9% and 2.8% increase in fruit yield and single fruit weight, while improved vitamin C content (Vc, 3.1%), total soluble solids (TSS, 5.9%) and total sugar content (TSC, 8.6%). Additionally, it also led to a reduction in titratable acid (TA, -3.4%) and total acid content (TAC, -3.6%), and consequently elevated the TSS/TA (14.0%) and TSC/TAC (9.5%). Among different optimized fertilization methods, the effect of optimized NPK + medium and/or micro element fertilizer on citrus yield and fruit quality was the best, especially NPK decrement ≤25% between optimized NPK measures. The effect of conventional NPK + organic fertilizer was higher than conventional NPK + medium and/or micro element fertilizer. However, different citrus varieties, including mandarins, pomelos, and oranges, showed different responses to optimized fertilization. Optimized fertilization management could synergistically improve citrus yield, fertilizer use efficiency, and fruit quality. Therefore, the strategy of integrated nutrient management1 with reducing NPK fertilizer, balancing medium and/or micro nutrient fertilizer and improving soil fertility by organic fertilizer should be adopted according to local conditions in citrus producing areas of China.
{"title":"[Optimized nutrients management improved citrus yield and fruit quality in China: A meta-analysis].","authors":"Hao Xu, Yu-Wen Wang, Zi-Wei Luo, Wen-Lang Hu, Wen-Qiang Liao, Li-Song Chen, Yan Li, Jiu-Xin Guo","doi":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.011","DOIUrl":"10.13287/j.1001-9332.202405.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clarifying current situation of farmers' fertilization and yield in citrus producing areas and the effects of different fertilization measures can provide a scientific basis for improving the yield and quality of citrus in China. We retrieved 92 literatures on citrus fertilization from the CNKI and Web of Science to examine the impacts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P or P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>), and potassium (K or K<sub>2</sub>O) fertilizer dosage and partial productivity under farmers' conventional fertilization and experts' optimized fertilization, as well as the effects of optimized fertilization measures on citrus yield and quality by using meta-analysis approach. The average conventional application rates of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, and K<sub>2</sub>O were 507.3, 262.2, and 369.3 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup> in citrus production in China. Compared with conventional fertilization, optimized fertilization resulted in a reduction of N and P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> by 14.7% and 8.3%, an increase in K<sub>2</sub>O application by 6.6%, which promoted partial productivity of N, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, and K<sub>2</sub>O fertilizers by 7.8%, 18.4%, and 14.7%, correspondingly. The optimized fertilization resulted in 11.9% and 2.8% increase in fruit yield and single fruit weight, while improved vitamin C content (Vc, 3.1%), total soluble solids (TSS, 5.9%) and total sugar content (TSC, 8.6%). Additionally, it also led to a reduction in titratable acid (TA, -3.4%) and total acid content (TAC, -3.6%), and consequently elevated the TSS/TA (14.0%) and TSC/TAC (9.5%). Among different optimized fertilization methods, the effect of optimized NPK + medium and/or micro element fertilizer on citrus yield and fruit quality was the best, especially NPK decrement ≤25% between optimized NPK measures. The effect of conventional NPK + organic fertilizer was higher than conventional NPK + medium and/or micro element fertilizer. However, different citrus varieties, including mandarins, pomelos, and oranges, showed different responses to optimized fertilization. Optimized fertilization management could synergistically improve citrus yield, fertilizer use efficiency, and fruit quality. Therefore, the strategy of integrated nutrient management1 with reducing NPK fertilizer, balancing medium and/or micro nutrient fertilizer and improving soil fertility by organic fertilizer should be adopted according to local conditions in citrus producing areas of China.</p>","PeriodicalId":35942,"journal":{"name":"应用生态学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}