Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2752
S.M. Sowbaraniya, L. Govindaraju
Introduction: General anesthesia is used to produce amnesia and analgesia with or without muscle paralysis. Pediatric General anesthesia is given for children to perform complicated procedures. The most commonly used inducing agent is propofol which is used for its high performance and among the maintaining drugs is sevoflurane which has high blood and tissue solubility. Aim: To find out the commonly used inducing and maintaining drug for children treated under General anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Saveetha Dental College provided data, which was then transferred to an excel file. The spss software was used for statistical analysis. Results: On the data collected it was observed that use of propofol is the most common drug among inducing agents and the most commonly used maintenance drug is sevoflurane for maintaining General anesthesia. Conclusion: According to the findings, propofol is the most regularly used inducing drug, whereas sevoflurane is the most commonly used maintenance drug.
{"title":"Commonly Used Induction and Maintenance Drug for Children Treated Under General Anesthesia - A Retrospective Study","authors":"S.M. Sowbaraniya, L. Govindaraju","doi":"10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2752","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: General anesthesia is used to produce amnesia and analgesia with or without muscle paralysis. Pediatric General anesthesia is given for children to perform complicated procedures. The most commonly used inducing agent is propofol which is used for its high performance and among the maintaining drugs is sevoflurane which has high blood and tissue solubility. Aim: To find out the commonly used inducing and maintaining drug for children treated under General anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Saveetha Dental College provided data, which was then transferred to an excel file. The spss software was used for statistical analysis. Results: On the data collected it was observed that use of propofol is the most common drug among inducing agents and the most commonly used maintenance drug is sevoflurane for maintaining General anesthesia. Conclusion: According to the findings, propofol is the most regularly used inducing drug, whereas sevoflurane is the most commonly used maintenance drug.","PeriodicalId":35945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Zoology","volume":"265 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2748
Pidaran Murugan,, Sivaprakasam Maneemegalai
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the two hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treatment of diabetes without any side effects is still a challenge to the medical system. There is an increasing demand by patients to use the natural products with antidiabetic activity, because insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs are having so many side effects. Curcumin is a biologically active component isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa that possess antidiabetic and has been proven scientifically to possess high antioxidant activity and anticancer properties. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major curcuminoid metabolite of curcumin, naturally occurring in turmeric. The interest in THC research is increasing because it is superior to curcumin in its solubility in water, chemical stability, bioavailability, and anti-oxidative activity. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that THC exerts antidiabetic effects through various mechanisms, including modulation of oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification, inflammation, proliferation, metastasis, programmed cell death, and immunity. The activities of glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were found to be decreased whereas the activities of gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) and polyol pathway enzyme-sorbitol dehydrogenase were significantly increased in diabetic control rats. In addition, the oligosaccharide moieties of glycoproteins (hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid) were also significantly increased in plasma and tissues of diabetic control rats. THC and curcumin administration to diabetic rats significantly reversed the above changes when compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic controls, hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content was decreased significantly as compared to non-diabetic controls. Treatment with THC and curcumin increased the hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen significantly. The antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of THC are more potent than those of curcumin at the same dose. The antihyperglycemic action of THC might be mediated via an enhancement of insulin action, as it is evidenced by the increased levels of insulin in diabetic rats treated with THC, which may be responsible for the reversal of changes in carbohydrate enzymes and glycoprotein components. The THC administration showed more effective than curcumin.
{"title":"Effect of Tetrahydrocurcumin Compared to Curcumin in Carbohydrate Metabolism and Glycoprotein Components in Type 2 Diabetes - Systematic Review","authors":"Pidaran Murugan,, Sivaprakasam Maneemegalai","doi":"10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2748","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the two hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treatment of diabetes without any side effects is still a challenge to the medical system. There is an increasing demand by patients to use the natural products with antidiabetic activity, because insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs are having so many side effects. Curcumin is a biologically active component isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa that possess antidiabetic and has been proven scientifically to possess high antioxidant activity and anticancer properties. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major curcuminoid metabolite of curcumin, naturally occurring in turmeric. The interest in THC research is increasing because it is superior to curcumin in its solubility in water, chemical stability, bioavailability, and anti-oxidative activity. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that THC exerts antidiabetic effects through various mechanisms, including modulation of oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification, inflammation, proliferation, metastasis, programmed cell death, and immunity. The activities of glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were found to be decreased whereas the activities of gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) and polyol pathway enzyme-sorbitol dehydrogenase were significantly increased in diabetic control rats. In addition, the oligosaccharide moieties of glycoproteins (hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid) were also significantly increased in plasma and tissues of diabetic control rats. THC and curcumin administration to diabetic rats significantly reversed the above changes when compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic controls, hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content was decreased significantly as compared to non-diabetic controls. Treatment with THC and curcumin increased the hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen significantly. The antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of THC are more potent than those of curcumin at the same dose. The antihyperglycemic action of THC might be mediated via an enhancement of insulin action, as it is evidenced by the increased levels of insulin in diabetic rats treated with THC, which may be responsible for the reversal of changes in carbohydrate enzymes and glycoprotein components. The THC administration showed more effective than curcumin.","PeriodicalId":35945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Zoology","volume":"5 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.17762/jaz.v44is1.2793
Hasanov Elyorjon Odiljonovich
The following article illustrates terminology and its importance in linguistics as terminology is one of the key factors of linguistics as well as lexicology. Moreover, the article shows some analysis of business terms and their usage in two different languages, Uzbek and English.
{"title":"Analysis of Uzbek Equivalents of English Business Terms","authors":"Hasanov Elyorjon Odiljonovich","doi":"10.17762/jaz.v44is1.2793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is1.2793","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000The following article illustrates terminology and its importance in linguistics as terminology is one of the key factors of linguistics as well as lexicology. Moreover, the article shows some analysis of business terms and their usage in two different languages, Uzbek and English.","PeriodicalId":35945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Zoology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2743
Sukhada Aloni, Divya Shekhawat
With the bulk availability of mobile sensors, the data collected from them mustn’t be wasted. Nowadays the creation of black-box software that collects this data is not a very difficult task. It is possible to detect suspicious unlawful events using this black-box data. In this paper, we present a novel way of doing forensic investigation using a modified sub-space K-NN (MSK) algorithm. The MSK algorithm is capable of detecting suspicious activities from mobile sensor data. Using this technique, we could detect any normal activity versus suspicious activity with 99.7 % accuracy. This study lays the foundation for future explorations, envisioning potential applications in diverse fields, including zoology. By adapting and expanding the proposed methodology, researchers in zoology could harness mobile sensor data to study animal behavior, offering an innovative approach to understanding and monitoring wildlife activities. Such interdisciplinary bridges highlight the versatility of technological advancements, where tools developed for criminal investigations may find unexpected yet valuable applications in the study of zoological phenomena
{"title":"Detection of Suspicious Activity using Mobile Sensor Data and Modified Sub-space K-NN for Criminal Investigations","authors":"Sukhada Aloni, Divya Shekhawat","doi":"10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2743","url":null,"abstract":"With the bulk availability of mobile sensors, the data collected from them mustn’t be wasted. Nowadays the creation of black-box software that collects this data is not a very difficult task. It is possible to detect suspicious unlawful events using this black-box data. In this paper, we present a novel way of doing forensic investigation using a modified sub-space K-NN (MSK) algorithm. The MSK algorithm is capable of detecting suspicious activities from mobile sensor data. Using this technique, we could detect any normal activity versus suspicious activity with 99.7 % accuracy. This study lays the foundation for future explorations, envisioning potential applications in diverse fields, including zoology. By adapting and expanding the proposed methodology, researchers in zoology could harness mobile sensor data to study animal behavior, offering an innovative approach to understanding and monitoring wildlife activities. Such interdisciplinary bridges highlight the versatility of technological advancements, where tools developed for criminal investigations may find unexpected yet valuable applications in the study of zoological phenomena","PeriodicalId":35945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Zoology","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adipokines are cell-signaling molecules produced by the adipose tissue that play functional roles in energy or metabolic status of the body, inflammation, obesity, gestational diabetes etc. Adipokines come in several forms, including adiponectin, leptin, chemeein, resistin, and nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase. The hormone adiponectin is primarily recognised for its anti- inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Through its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and antioxidant properties, the adipocyte-secreted hormone adiponectin regulates lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, blood sugar levels, and adipocyte function. The hormone leptin, which is released from adipose tissue (body fat), aids the body in long-term maintenance of a healthy weight. In order to prevent the body from producing the hunger response when it doesn't need energy. White adipocytes release resistin, a hormone high in cysteine. Insulin resistance is influenced by resistin. Adipocytes secrete a protein called chemerin, which has endocrine functions in metabolism and immunity as well as autocrine/paracrine effects on adipose formation and function. Due to significantly greater oestrogen levels, there is an increase in insulin sensitivity in the first and second trimesters. Increased insulin resistance and decreased sensitivity are caused by a number of antagonistic hormones, particularly placental lactogen, leptin, progesterone, prolactin, and cortisol in the late second and early third trimester. In addition to outlining their mechanisms of action in the development of gestational diabetes, this review paper attempts to summarise the functions of adipokines in the induction of insulin resistance during pregnancy.
{"title":"A Review on Role of Different Adipokines in Gestational Diabetes","authors":"Sovana Kotal, Paromita Mukherjee, Devali Chakraborty, Souvik Tewari","doi":"10.17762/jaz.v44is6.2794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is6.2794","url":null,"abstract":"Adipokines are cell-signaling molecules produced by the adipose tissue that play functional roles in energy or metabolic status of the body, inflammation, obesity, gestational diabetes etc. Adipokines come in several forms, including adiponectin, leptin, chemeein, resistin, and nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase. The hormone adiponectin is primarily recognised for its anti- inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Through its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and antioxidant properties, the adipocyte-secreted hormone adiponectin regulates lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, blood sugar levels, and adipocyte function. The hormone leptin, which is released from adipose tissue (body fat), aids the body in long-term maintenance of a healthy weight. In order to prevent the body from producing the hunger response when it doesn't need energy. White adipocytes release resistin, a hormone high in cysteine. Insulin resistance is influenced by resistin. Adipocytes secrete a protein called chemerin, which has endocrine functions in metabolism and immunity as well as autocrine/paracrine effects on adipose formation and function. Due to significantly greater oestrogen levels, there is an increase in insulin sensitivity in the first and second trimesters. Increased insulin resistance and decreased sensitivity are caused by a number of antagonistic hormones, particularly placental lactogen, leptin, progesterone, prolactin, and cortisol in the late second and early third trimester. In addition to outlining their mechanisms of action in the development of gestational diabetes, this review paper attempts to summarise the functions of adipokines in the induction of insulin resistance during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":35945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2736
D. Saravanan, Topunuru Kaladhar
Data mining technique developed in vast manner. It mainly used over in information retrieval, information filtering, Data retrieval techniques. In scientific world data mining techniques used over in hospital management, Schools, colleges, public libraries, shopping complexes, space research foundation. Data Mining refers to extracting the information. Many Algorithms are used over in Data mining area. Agglomerative hierarchical technique uses top down approach. Certain arrangements are made over in this algorithm in hierarchical manner. Hierarchical algorithm mainly used for time consuming process.
{"title":"A Novel Information Extraction Approach Employing Hierarchical Clustering Techniques with A Focus on Attribute Similarity Values","authors":"D. Saravanan, Topunuru Kaladhar","doi":"10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2736","url":null,"abstract":"Data mining technique developed in vast manner. It mainly used over in information retrieval, information filtering, Data retrieval techniques. In scientific world data mining techniques used over in hospital management, Schools, colleges, public libraries, shopping complexes, space research foundation. Data Mining refers to extracting the information. Many Algorithms are used over in Data mining area. Agglomerative hierarchical technique uses top down approach. Certain arrangements are made over in this algorithm in hierarchical manner. Hierarchical algorithm mainly used for time consuming process.","PeriodicalId":35945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Zoology","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last few years viral disease not only affect the human but also the other life on this planet and result epidemic condition at global level. The highly transmissible viral disease called Lumpy skin disease (LSD) spread in sequential manner at worldwide level affecting the cattle or dairy animals of caprine, ovine and bovine family. The highly mutational efficiency of this viral strains affects the large-scale population and still no effective cure for it. Different vaccines designed at national and international level as a preventive measure to overcome the reoccurrence of this virus e.g., Bovivax-LSD™, Lumpivax™, Poxvac™, Lumpi-ProVacInd. However, still the mortality of LSD are low, not affect humans but emergence of the mutational variants demands novel vaccines.
{"title":"Emergence of Lumpy Pox Virus and Their Preventive Measures: A Global Livestock Threat","authors":"Archna Dhasmana, Geeta Bhandari, Nupur Joshi, V. Jadon, Jyoti Rawat, Lavish Khatkar, Sanjay Gupta","doi":"10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2765","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few years viral disease not only affect the human but also the other life on this planet and result epidemic condition at global level. The highly transmissible viral disease called Lumpy skin disease (LSD) spread in sequential manner at worldwide level affecting the cattle or dairy animals of caprine, ovine and bovine family. The highly mutational efficiency of this viral strains affects the large-scale population and still no effective cure for it. Different vaccines designed at national and international level as a preventive measure to overcome the reoccurrence of this virus e.g., Bovivax-LSD™, Lumpivax™, Poxvac™, Lumpi-ProVacInd. However, still the mortality of LSD are low, not affect humans but emergence of the mutational variants demands novel vaccines.","PeriodicalId":35945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Zoology","volume":"33 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2738
Atmaram Vitthal Andhale, S. P. Chate
It is essential to adopt new techniques and management practices as integrated nutrient management. The combined use of organic, inorganic manures and bio-fertilizer not only increases the crop yield but also improves the physical, Chemical and biological properties of soil. As enhance these properties, we can enhance the growth rate at flowering and nodule weight of plant, Phaseolus vulgaris. It did positive impact on quality and yield of Rajama. To study this, nine treatments, three replications, RBD design and Dibbling sowing method was adopted. The growth and yield attributes i.e. height, number of branches plant-1, Number of pods plant-1, number of grains pod-1 were recorded highest when only inorganic fertilizers @ 150% RDF was applied and these plant characters were recorded lowest when only vermicompost was applied. Biomass production at flowering, grain and straw yield were highest due to application of 150% RDF of NPK through inorganic fertilizers. The lowest biomass production at flowering was recorded where 2.5 t vermicompost at sowing and 50 % N through urea at flowering were applied. The lowest grain yield and straw yield was recorded when only vermicompost @ 5 tonnes ha-1 was applied. Fresh weights of nodules were negligible.
{"title":"Effect of Inorganic, Organic Nutrient Sources and Bio-Fertilizers on Growth Attributes, Biomass at Flowering and Nodule Weight of Phaseolus vulgaris (Rajma)","authors":"Atmaram Vitthal Andhale, S. P. Chate","doi":"10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2738","url":null,"abstract":"It is essential to adopt new techniques and management practices as integrated nutrient management. The combined use of organic, inorganic manures and bio-fertilizer not only increases the crop yield but also improves the physical, Chemical and biological properties of soil. As enhance these properties, we can enhance the growth rate at flowering and nodule weight of plant, Phaseolus vulgaris. It did positive impact on quality and yield of Rajama. To study this, nine treatments, three replications, RBD design and Dibbling sowing method was adopted. The growth and yield attributes i.e. height, number of branches plant-1, Number of pods plant-1, number of grains pod-1 were recorded highest when only inorganic fertilizers @ 150% RDF was applied and these plant characters were recorded lowest when only vermicompost was applied. Biomass production at flowering, grain and straw yield were highest due to application of 150% RDF of NPK through inorganic fertilizers. The lowest biomass production at flowering was recorded where 2.5 t vermicompost at sowing and 50 % N through urea at flowering were applied. The lowest grain yield and straw yield was recorded when only vermicompost @ 5 tonnes ha-1 was applied. Fresh weights of nodules were negligible.","PeriodicalId":35945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Zoology","volume":"2014 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.17762/jaz.v44is6.2799
Disha Paul, Sampurna Chakraborty, Souvik Tewari, Jayashree Das
Epidemiological research has found a wide range of environmental and dietary risk factors for different cancers nowadays. The four most prevalent cancers— breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate—have all been linked to lifestyle factors in affluent nations. Flavonoids are a significant group of phenolic plant compounds made up of derivatives of 2-phenyl-benzopyrone. Flavonoids, foods such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea, and wine include a group of chemical compounds with different phenolic structures. There are currently efforts being made to separate the purported flavonoids from the other components because these natural chemicals have numerous beneficial health effects. The various sources of flavonoids, their subclasses, and how they aid in the prevention of breast cancer will be outlined in this review article.
{"title":"Effect of Flavonoids in Preventing Breast Cancer: A Review","authors":"Disha Paul, Sampurna Chakraborty, Souvik Tewari, Jayashree Das","doi":"10.17762/jaz.v44is6.2799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is6.2799","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological research has found a wide range of environmental and dietary risk factors for different cancers nowadays. The four most prevalent cancers— breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate—have all been linked to lifestyle factors in affluent nations. Flavonoids are a significant group of phenolic plant compounds made up of derivatives of 2-phenyl-benzopyrone. Flavonoids, foods such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea, and wine include a group of chemical compounds with different phenolic structures. There are currently efforts being made to separate the purported flavonoids from the other components because these natural chemicals have numerous beneficial health effects. The various sources of flavonoids, their subclasses, and how they aid in the prevention of breast cancer will be outlined in this review article.","PeriodicalId":35945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Zoology","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the medicinal attributes of the ethanolic extract obtained from Azadirachta indica (A. indica) leaves collected from the Jamia Salafiya Pharmacy College campus in Malappuram District, Kerala, South India. The plant was meticulously identified by Dr. Samuel Thavamni B, a plant pharmacognosy specialist. The ethanolic extraction process was performed using the Soxhlet method. Phytochemical analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass and Mass spectroscopy). The in vitro antioxidant, MTT ((3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay, Apoptosis, and Immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic A. indica were evaluated. The extraction resulted in a semi-solid, dark-coloured extract with a yield of 8.67%. Phytochemical analysis using LC-MS identified key constituents such as octadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, caryophyllene, 1,4-Eicosadiene, and triacontanoic acid, methyl ester, known for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. In vitro antioxidant assays revealed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect, with the A. indica ethanolic extract demonstrating substantial antioxidant capacity (77.81% at 100 µg), comparable to that of ascorbic acid (97.22%). However, the MTT assay indicated a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability, emphasizing the need for caution owing to potential cytotoxic effects. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining provided insights into the induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, highlighting the beneficial effects of the extract on cellular morphology. The scratch wound healing assay suggested the potential of the extract to promote fibroblast migration, implicating its role in enhancing wound healing. Immunomodulatory activity assessment revealed concentration-dependent modulation of immune responses, with the extract demonstrating a notable immunomodulatory effect of 77.81% at 100 µg. These findings shed light on the medicinal potential of A. indica, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The diverse chemical composition and multifaceted effects of the extract, from antioxidant and cytotoxic activities to immunomodulation and wound healing promotion, underscore its significance in pharmaceuticals and herbal remedies.
本研究全面调查了从印度南部喀拉拉邦马拉普拉姆地区的贾米亚-萨拉菲亚药学院校园采集的 Azadirachta indica（A. indica）叶片乙醇提取物的药用特性。植物药理专家 Samuel Thavamni B 博士对该植物进行了细致的鉴定。乙醇提取过程采用索氏提取法。植物化学分析采用液相色谱-液相色谱-质谱法进行。评估了乙醇 A. indica 的体外抗氧化、MTT（3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四氮唑）测定、细胞凋亡和免疫调节活性。萃取结果为半固体深色提取物，产率为 8.67%。利用 LC-MS 进行的植物化学分析确定了十八酸、十四酸、叶黄素、1,4-二十二烯和三蚁酸甲酯等主要成分，这些成分具有抗炎、抗氧化和抗菌特性。体外抗氧化试验显示了一种浓度依赖性抑制作用，A. indica 乙醇提取物显示出很强的抗氧化能力（100 µg 时为 77.81%），与抗坏血酸的抗氧化能力（97.22%）相当。不过，MTT 试验表明，细胞活力的降低与浓度有关，因此需要谨慎对待潜在的细胞毒性效应。吖啶橙/溴化乙锭染色法揭示了 MCF-7 细胞凋亡的诱导过程，凸显了提取物对细胞形态的有益影响。划痕伤口愈合试验表明，萃取物具有促进成纤维细胞迁移的潜力，这也暗示了它在促进伤口愈合方面的作用。免疫调节活性评估显示了免疫反应的浓度依赖性调节作用，提取物在 100 µg 时的免疫调节效果为 77.81%。这些发现揭示了籼稻的药用潜力，强调了进一步研究阐明其潜在机制的必要性。从抗氧化和细胞毒性活性到免疫调节和促进伤口愈合，该提取物具有多种化学成分和多方面的功效，这凸显了它在制药和草药疗法中的重要意义。
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis (LC-MS) of Azadirachta Indica Ethanolic Extract, Antioxidant, Anticancer, in Vitro Wound Healing Activity, and Immunomodulatory Effects of Azadirachta Indica Ethanolic Extract","authors":"Loganathan Thavamani, Palanisamy Selvaraj, Muarali R, Natesan Vijayakumar, Aruna Periyasamy, Muddukrishnaiah Kotakonda, Sirajudheen Mukriyan Kallungal","doi":"10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is7.2727","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the medicinal attributes of the ethanolic extract obtained from Azadirachta indica (A. indica) leaves collected from the Jamia Salafiya Pharmacy College campus in Malappuram District, Kerala, South India. The plant was meticulously identified by Dr. Samuel Thavamni B, a plant pharmacognosy specialist. The ethanolic extraction process was performed using the Soxhlet method. Phytochemical analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass and Mass spectroscopy). The in vitro antioxidant, MTT ((3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay, Apoptosis, and Immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic A. indica were evaluated. The extraction resulted in a semi-solid, dark-coloured extract with a yield of 8.67%. Phytochemical analysis using LC-MS identified key constituents such as octadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, caryophyllene, 1,4-Eicosadiene, and triacontanoic acid, methyl ester, known for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. In vitro antioxidant assays revealed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect, with the A. indica ethanolic extract demonstrating substantial antioxidant capacity (77.81% at 100 µg), comparable to that of ascorbic acid (97.22%). However, the MTT assay indicated a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability, emphasizing the need for caution owing to potential cytotoxic effects. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining provided insights into the induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, highlighting the beneficial effects of the extract on cellular morphology. The scratch wound healing assay suggested the potential of the extract to promote fibroblast migration, implicating its role in enhancing wound healing. Immunomodulatory activity assessment revealed concentration-dependent modulation of immune responses, with the extract demonstrating a notable immunomodulatory effect of 77.81% at 100 µg. These findings shed light on the medicinal potential of A. indica, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The diverse chemical composition and multifaceted effects of the extract, from antioxidant and cytotoxic activities to immunomodulation and wound healing promotion, underscore its significance in pharmaceuticals and herbal remedies.","PeriodicalId":35945,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Zoology","volume":"3 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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