Medicine in Microecology最新文献

Marburg virus (MARV), a member of Filoviridae family, is notorious for causing Marburg virus disease (MVD), one of the deadliest known infectious diseases. Over the past five decades, more than 15 MVD outbreaks have been reported in the African countries, and this has been reported from Equatorial Guinea on February 2023. Few bat species like Rousettus aegyptiacus and Hipposideros caffer, among other members of the Chiroptera order, may serve as a natural reservoir for the virus, which can transmit the disease to humans and other mammals. In humans, severe infections have been reported due to MVD and are characterized by clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, pharyngitis, and diarrhea, eventually progressing to hemorrhagic manifestations. The disease carries an extremely high mortality and morbidity rate. Developing and implementing rapid, accurate, affordable, and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic measures is essential to address the substantial threat MARV poses. Increased focus on health education, enhancement of laboratory services and facilities, adherence to patient safety protocols, and robust surveillance systems are urgently needed to combat this fatal disease. This review aims to present a comprehensive summary of the various attributes and characteristics of MARV/MVD, along with strategies for its prevention and control. Further, this review article also discusses the potential role of medicinal plants in addressing health challenge.

Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common neoplasm with the highest incidence and most second mortality in the world, being, for the most part, considered a multifactorial disease. Recent studies have shown a possible interaction with the intestinal microbiota as a factor for the development of cancer based on the tumour microenvironment. In this work we aim to perform a research of existing body of literature related to the link between the microbiome and cancer. Here, it discusses dysbiosis data found in humans, as well as genotoxicity studies and/o pro-carcinogenic mechanisms including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas and Escherichia coli pks+. In addition, the use of specific bacteria as diagnostic markers and carcinoma stage, host genetics as a conditioning factor, as well as the manipulation of the microbiota employing natural products and probiotics can have benefits in the response to treatments in patients with colorectal cancer.

New research shows that gut microbes have a role in the management of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, with underlying processes involving mucosal and/or systemic inflammation or metabolic abnormalities. However, the gut microbiota profile in cisplatin-related nephrotoxicity patients has not been fully investigated. Databases were rigorously reviewed for investigations contrasting the gut microbial profiles on effective probiotics against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity from 1998 to 2023. Cisplatin's use is often restricted due to adverse effects like nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, and vomiting. Probiotics, or gut microbiota, are crucial for maintaining health and treating diseases, particularly kidney damage. The current study reviewed that patients with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity can be protected by using supplementation of probiotics. Scientific research has focused on the active participation of natural supplementation on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity issues. Different preclinical studies showed that the probiotics treat cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, but further clinical tests are needed for full confirmation.

Recently, the monkeypox virus has gained paramount attention due to various complications entangled within it. These complications encompass pneumonia, eye problems, and secondary-skin infections. Current complications include swelling and sores within the rectum that would result in pain or complexity while urinating. Due to such complexities, it is crucial for monkeypox detection. Concurrently, with the evolvement of AI (Artificial Intelligence) based methods, existing works have tried to perform better detection of monkeypox and non-monkeypox. Nevertheless, these studies have been lagging in accuracy rate. As an enhancement, this study proposes RN-50-ZCA (Residual Network-50-Zero Phase Component Analysis) for feature extraction to attain enhanced classification performance. ZCA-whitening is utilized with RN-50, which assists in accurately identifying the features that agree with the image lesions. This approach incorporates data normalization and later linear transformation that has been considered to support lessening co-variance among the features. This also maintains the concrete variance. To fuse the features, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) is used. Finally, the research proposes MXGBoost (Modified eXtreme Gradient Boosting) based on statistical loss function for classifying monkeypox and non-monkeypox images (other viral samples, chickenpox samples, and smallpox samples) for acquiring effective prediction. Using MXGBoost with the loss function aids in extemporizing the prediction rate of the model by considering certain features of the issues being modelled. With such factors, the proposed loss function can support diminishing overfitting, thereby improvising the generalizability of the model. The performance of this study is assessed by comparison with three studies, and the analytical results exposed the better prediction rate of the proposed system.

Osteoporosis, a systemic bone disease, is characterized by decreased bone mass, deterioration of skeletal structure, and increased bone susceptibility. Age, environment, hormone levels, nutrition, and immunity are all factors that influence bone mass. Currently, intestinal flora has been recently recognized as a key regulator of bone mass. The blood's microbiome role in bone health and in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis remains unknown. In this study, the abundance of various blood's microbial taxa in osteoporosis patients were analyzed. We investigated the associations between prominent bacterial taxa and other clinical indicators (i.e. biochemical, blood cell counts and CT scan). DNA was extracted from the whole blood samples of patients with degenerative bone diseases with or without osteoporosis (i.e. n = 8; ST and n = 12, T group) and healthy controls (n = 4, N group). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique was utilized to characterize the blood microbiome taxaThe Shannon–Winner and dilution curves revealed that all the characterized species in the sample and the sequencing data were reliable. The number of bacterial taxa in blood and annotated operational taxonomic units were positively correlated with neutrophils. This support that bacteria exist within or adhere to the neutrophil's membrane. The abundance of Yersinia ruckeri, Rhodanobacter_uncultured bacterium, Enterobacter spp., and Raoultella spp increased in the ST group as compared with the N group. Hence, indicate their potential role in the onset and progression of osteoporosis. These findings provide new insights into the association between blood microbiota and bone health. This study could open a new horizon in exploring the clinical application of blood microbiome to improve bone health.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health burden, and emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in their pathogenesis and progression. This review paper aims to comprehensively analyze the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular health. An extensive examination of existing literature explores how gut microbial composition and function influence CVD risk factors, such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure regulation. Additionally, we delve into the impact of dietary patterns, medications, and lifestyle factors on shaping the gut microbiota and how these changes can exacerbate or ameliorate cardiovascular outcomes. We also discuss COVID-19, gut microbiome and CVDs. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of gut microbiome-targeted interventions as promising avenues for preventing and managing CVDs. By consolidating the current knowledge, this review aims to shed light on the intricate link between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular diseases and highlights the potential for novel therapeutic strategies to combat this significant public health challenge.

Background

Although invasive mycosis is a common complication of hematologic malignancies, invasive Fusarium infection, especially systemic disseminated Fusarium infection is rare, which has a high mortality due to remarkable intrinsic drug resistance.

Result

We reported a case of 5-year-old high-risk acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) female patient complicated with disseminated Fusarium solani infection during the course of chemotherapy. After diagnosis of ALL, the case was treated according to the South China Children's Leukemia Group-ALL-2016 protocol, and achieved a molecular complete response. On the seventh day of reinduction chemotherapy, she experienced endophthalmitis in the right eye along with recurrent high fever. Three days later, endophthalmitis spread to the left eye, blood culture and next-generation sequencing returned positive result for Fusarium solani. The patient was subsequently treated with antifungal therapy including Amphotericin B, Voriconazole and Posaconazole together with supportive treatments, but the effects were less satisfying. The patient then developed endocarditis, encephalitis, arthritis and other disseminated lesions caused by Fusarium solani infection, and eventually died of multiple organ failure.

Conclusion

This case we reported highlights the lethality of disseminated Fusarium species infection in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely anti-infective treatments are of utmost importance as that helps in controlling the spread of infection thereby leading to a favorable outcome.

The increasing abundance of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes in E. coli, and other commensal and pathogenic bacteria, endangers the utility of third or more recent generation cephalosporins, which are major tools for fighting deadly infections. The role of domestic animals in the transmission of ESBL carrying bacteria has been recognized, especially in low- and middle-income countries, however the horizontal gene transfer of these genes is difficult to assess. Here we investigate bla_CTX-M gene diversity (and flanking nucleotide sequences) in E. coli from chicken and humans, in an Ecuadorian rural community and from chickens in another location in Ecuador. The bla_CTX-M associated sequences in isolates from humans and chickens in the same remote community showed greater similarity than those found in E. coli in a chicken industrial operation 200 km away. Our study may provide evidence of bla_CTX-M transfer between chickens and humans in the community.

The increased production and consumption of plastic items in the modern era has resulted in the generation of numerous microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Numerous researchers and clinicians were intrigued by the world's extensive use, distribution, and abundance of MPs. They were curious to study their interactions with biological systems and their impact on human health. Microplastic exposure occurs through various routes like oral, dermal, and inhalation, leading to metabolism alteration, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Microplastics contain intentionally added additives that, when combined, act as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), disrupting the natural hormone system and can cause cancer, diabetes, and neurological impairment in a developing fetus. The EDCs in microplastics may regulate glucose homeostasis, as shown by the occurrence of gestational impaired glucose tolerance, leading to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). As the primary route of exposure to microplastics in humans is through ingestion, microplastics, and their additives ultimately enter the gastrointestinal tract and alter the gut microflora. Numerous metagenomics studies have demonstrated that the gut microflora of women with GDM are enriched with organisms like Ruminococcae, Parabacteroides distansonis, and Prevatella. The metabolic pathways for insulin signaling and carbohydrate metabolism are connected to these microbiota populations. The impact of microplastics on maternal exposure and their possible alteration of glucose metabolism, leading to GDM, as well as their association with gut microbiome dysbiosis, are addressed in this review.