Medicine in Microecology最新文献_第5页

The role of phytochemicals in modulating the gut microbiota: Implications for health and disease 植物化学物质在调节肠道微生物群中的作用：对健康和疾病的影响

Q2 Medicine

Medicine in Microecology

Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100125

Amandeep Singh , Prabhjot Kaur , Manish Kumar , Sheeba Shafi , Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay , Abhishek Tiwari , Varsha Tiwari , Naresh Kumar Rangra , Vidhya Thirunavukkarasu , Sheeba Kumari , Debajyoti Roy , Maitrayee Ghosh , Nidhi Arora , Nandini Sharma , Yukta Garg

The phytochemicals found in vegetables and fruits exert considerable impacts on the gut microbiota and human health. Polyphenols, flavonoids and terpenoids are some of these compounds that can increase the growth of good bacteria, while reducing the growth of the bad ones hence maintaining gut health. Phytochemicals positively modulate gut microbiota that in turn enhances gut barrier integrity, immune system and metabolism. They have also been associated with the disease prevention and control approaches that include inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes and heart ailments. These modifications are often affected by the particular composition of each individual's gut microbiota as well as variables like dose, bioavailability and mechanism of phytochemical such as its antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory effects, or ability to modulate metabolic pathways. Saponins, capsaicin and polyphenols (flavonoids, quercetin, and catechins) are promising phytochemicals for regulating the gut flora. These substances affect the chemical composition of microorganisms, decreasing dangerous pathogens and increasing helpful bacteria like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Additionally, they promote the synthesis of bioactive metabolites that have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Based on individual microbial profiles, this targeted strategy may enhance gut health, prevent ailments like diabetes and obesity, and maximize treatment results. This review aims to explore the possibility and potential of phytochemicals as therapeutic agents for disease prevention and personalized medicine to advance understanding of their biological effects in disease prevention and modulation. Such knowledge might offer novel microbiota-directed approaches to improving human well-being.

蔬菜和水果中的植物化学物质对肠道微生物群和人体健康有相当大的影响。多酚、类黄酮和萜类化合物可以促进有益细菌的生长，同时减少有害细菌的生长，从而保持肠道健康。植物化学物质积极调节肠道微生物群，从而增强肠道屏障完整性，免疫系统和代谢。它们还与疾病预防和控制方法有关，包括炎症性肠病、肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病。这些修饰通常受到每个人肠道微生物群的特定组成以及剂量、生物利用度和植物化学机制（如抗氧化能力、抗炎作用或调节代谢途径的能力）等变量的影响。皂苷、辣椒素和多酚（类黄酮、槲皮素和儿茶素）是有希望调节肠道菌群的植物化学物质。这些物质影响微生物的化学成分，减少危险的病原体，增加有益的细菌，如乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌。此外，它们促进具有抗菌和抗炎特性的生物活性代谢物的合成。基于个体微生物特征，这种有针对性的策略可以增强肠道健康，预防糖尿病和肥胖等疾病，并最大限度地提高治疗效果。本文旨在探讨植物化学物质作为疾病预防和个性化医疗治疗剂的可能性和潜力，以促进对其在疾病预防和调节中的生物学作用的认识。这些知识可能为改善人类福祉提供以微生物群为导向的新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating gene expression patterns for NF-κB1, TNF, and VEGF A& VEGF B in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection 评估小鼠SARS-CoV-2感染模型中NF-κB1、TNF、VEGF a和VEGF B的基因表达模式

Q2 Medicine

Medicine in Microecology

Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100124

Wael Hafez , Asrar Rashid , Feras Al-Obeidat , Nouran Hamza , Muneir Gador , Antesh Yadav , Mahmoud Abdelshakour , Sondos A.H. Thuminat , Tesfalidet Emoshe , Samuel Tesfaye Tefera , Seema Iqbal , Mohammad Alkammar , Alaaldeen Mohamed , Farah El-Sadaany , Daniel Simancas-Racines , Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda

Introduction

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has encouraged extensive research into its pathophysiology, specifically the role of biomarkers in disease progression. Although TNF, NF-κB1, VEGF-A, and VEGF-B play fundamental roles in vascular development and the infection response, their precise involvement in COVID-19 remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate and synthesize TNF, NF-κB1, VEGF-A, and VEGF-B gene expression patterns in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection to understand their involvement in disease pathogenesis.

Methods

Gene datasets available on the open-source Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) platform were extracted from eleven specific datasets: GSE68220, GSE51387, GSE49262, GSE51386, GSE50000, GSE40824, GSE33266, GSE50878, GSE40840, GSE49263, and GSE40827. We used R 4.3.2 software in this analysis.

Results

A Substantial changes in the expression of VEGFA, VEGFB, TNF-, and NF-κB1 were observed. Upregulation of TNF- and NF-κB1 implies a strong inflammatory response, consistent with their established involvement in inflammation. Conversely, VEGFA and VEGFB showed a pattern of downregulation, suggesting alterations in the vascular and endothelial functions.

Conclusion

Substantial changes in TNF, NF-κB1, VEGFA, and VEGFB gene expression were observed During SARS-CoV infection, indicating their interconnected roles in disease pathogenesis. These findings improve our understanding of the molecular basis of COVID-19 vascular complications and will guide future research and therapies.

冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行鼓励了对其病理生理学，特别是生物标志物在疾病进展中的作用的广泛研究。尽管TNF、NF-κB1、VEGF-A和VEGF-B在血管发育和感染反应中发挥着重要作用，但它们在COVID-19中的确切作用尚不清楚。我们旨在评估和合成SARS-CoV-2感染小鼠模型中TNF、NF-κB1、VEGF-A和VEGF-B基因表达模式，以了解它们在疾病发病机制中的作用。方法从GSE68220、GSE51387、GSE49262、GSE51386、GSE50000、GSE40824、GSE33266、GSE50878、GSE40840、GSE49263和GSE40827等11个特定数据集中提取GEO平台上的基因数据集。我们使用r4.3.2软件进行分析。结果vegf - fa、vegf - b、TNF-、NF-κ b1的表达均有明显变化。TNF-和NF-κ b1的上调意味着强烈的炎症反应，这与它们在炎症中的作用一致。相反，VEGFA和VEGFB表现出下调的模式，表明血管和内皮功能的改变。结论在SARS-CoV感染过程中，TNF、NF-κB1、VEGFA和VEGFB基因表达发生了显著变化，表明它们在疾病发病机制中具有相互关联的作用。这些发现提高了我们对COVID-19血管并发症分子基础的理解，并将指导未来的研究和治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Contagious illness of tuberculosis and correlation with various types of cancer 肺结核的传染性疾病及其与各类癌症的相关性

Q2 Medicine

Medicine in Microecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100123

Karthikeyan Sundaram , Venkataraman Prabhu

Tuberculosis is a contagious illness caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It spreads readily from one person to another through tiny particles called airborne droplet nuclei. Immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible to this infection. In this context, various types of leukemia, lymphoma, and lung carcinoma are linked with reinforces of tuberculosis. Similarly, the tuberculous granuloma is associated with the progression of the tumor significantly. However, the lung is the primary organ infected by tuberculosis, and the granuloma of this disease is reinforced to lung adenocarcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. Multiple studies have revealed the root cause of the spread of these two illnesses is attributed to the production of granulomas in the lungs, which in turn contributes to the development of both tuberculosis and lung cancer. Also, the clinical signs and symptoms of tuberculosis and other malignancies in various sites of the host represent severe complications, and diagnosis of these two diseases through adequate clinical testing is crucial. Computerized tomography and rapid diagnosis for cancer and tuberculosis are effective for controlling the disease progression, and timely detection helps to treat the patients. Thus, imaging techniques and molecular diagnosis are capable of providing precise diagnostic results. So, this review comprehensively analyzed the patients affected with tuberculosis in the lung and other sites that could progress the cancer, also reinforces of tuberculosis in patients with different types of cancer.

结核病是一种由结核分枝杆菌引起的传染病。它很容易通过被称为空气飞沫核的微小颗粒从一个人传播到另一个人。免疫功能低下的个体特别容易受到这种感染。在这种情况下，各种类型的白血病、淋巴瘤和肺癌都与结核病的强化有关。同样，结核性肉芽肿与肿瘤的进展密切相关。然而，肺是结核感染的原发器官，该病的肉芽肿可强化为肺腺癌、鳞状细胞癌和非小细胞肺癌。多项研究表明，这两种疾病传播的根本原因是肺部肉芽肿的产生，而肉芽肿反过来又促进了结核病和肺癌的发展。此外，结核病和宿主不同部位的其他恶性肿瘤的临床体征和症状代表着严重的并发症，通过充分的临床检测来诊断这两种疾病至关重要。计算机断层扫描和对癌症和结核病的快速诊断对控制疾病进展有效，及时发现有助于治疗患者。因此，成像技术和分子诊断能够提供精确的诊断结果。因此，本综述全面分析了肺部和其他可能发展为癌症的部位的结核病患者，并加强了结核病在不同类型癌症患者中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of macrolide antibiotics on gut microbiota diversity with age-specific implications and scientific insights 大环内酯类抗生素对肠道微生物群多样性的影响，具有年龄特异性意义和科学见解

Q2 Medicine

Medicine in Microecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100122

H. Shayista , M.N. Nagendra Prasad , S. Niranjan Raj , Ashwini Prasad , S. Satish , H.K. Ranjini , K. Manju , Ravikumara , Raghuraj Singh Chouhan , Olga Y. Khohlova , Olga V. Perianova , S. Lakshmi , Syed Baker

This review investigates the effects of macrolides on the gut microbiota across different age groups. Macrolides, widely used to treat various infections, have been shown to disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to reduced bacterial diversity and increased risks of antibiotic resistance. The review examines the general mechanisms of action by macrolides, highlighting their role in inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis and promoting antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer and selective pressure. Additionally, the reviews also focus on transition of gut microbiota across different age groups. It also addresses the dysbiotic shift induced by macrolides and its recovery following antibiotic discontinuation. Factors contributing to macrolides resistance, including genetic mutations and environmental factors, are discussed. The focus has been on alternative therapeutic approaches highlighted to mitigate resistance. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the implications associated with macrolides on gut health and offers insights into managing and minimizing resistance development.

本综述调查了大环内酯类药物对不同年龄组肠道微生物群的影响。大环内酯类药物被广泛用于治疗各种感染，已被证明会破坏肠道微生物群，导致细菌多样性减少，并增加抗生素耐药性的风险。本文综述了大环内酯类药物的一般作用机制，重点介绍了它们在抑制细菌蛋白质合成和通过水平基因转移和选择压力促进抗生素耐药性方面的作用。此外，综述还关注不同年龄组肠道菌群的转变。它还解决了由大环内酯类引起的生态失调转移及其在停用抗生素后的恢复。本文讨论了导致大环内酯类耐药的因素，包括基因突变和环境因素。重点一直放在强调减轻耐药性的替代治疗方法上。总体而言，该综述全面概述了大环内酯类药物对肠道健康的影响，并为管理和最大限度地减少耐药性发展提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Alterations of gut microbiota during the development of a hyperuricemia rat model 高尿酸血症大鼠模型发育过程中肠道菌群的改变

Q2 Medicine

Medicine in Microecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100120

Cunlong Lu , Long Li , Tuo Shi , Yu Li , Yanbing Zhou

Hyperuricemia has been demonstrated to be correlated with gout and other metabolic disorders, and like the obesity and diabetes, it may be associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. However, recently, research on the changes of serum uric acid and gut microbiota during the development of hyperuricemia was sparse. The main objective of this study is to explore the changes of serum uric acid and gut microbiota in a hyperuricemia rat model. 16S rDNA obtained from fecal samples of rats were sequenced to characterize the diversity and composition of microbial communities. Unweighted UniFrac-based principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of 16S rDNA sequences showed separated clusters between the model group and the control group. Our findings showed that the model group showed a decreased abundance of Lactobacillus, and the butyrate-producing bacteria Ruminococcus spp. and Roseburia spp., while an increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroides fragilis, and Escherichia coli during the establishment of the hyperuricemia rat model. In addition, purine and uric acid metabolism of gut microbiota in the model group was improved. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the diversity, composition and function of gut microbiota in the hyperuricemia rat model significantly altered.

高尿酸血症已被证明与痛风和其他代谢紊乱有关，并且与肥胖和糖尿病一样，它可能与肠道微生物生态失调有关。然而，目前关于高尿酸血症发生过程中血清尿酸和肠道菌群变化的研究较少。本研究的主要目的是探讨高尿酸血症大鼠模型血清尿酸和肠道菌群的变化。从大鼠粪便样品中获得16S rDNA测序，以表征微生物群落的多样性和组成。基于Unweighted unifrac的16S rDNA序列主坐标分析（PCoA）显示模型组和对照组之间存在分离的聚类。我们的研究结果显示，在高尿酸血症大鼠模型建立期间，模型组乳酸杆菌、产丁酸菌Ruminococcus spp.和Roseburia spp.丰度下降，而条件致病菌Proteobacteria、Bacteroides fragilis和Escherichia coli丰度增加。模型组大鼠肠道菌群嘌呤和尿酸代谢明显改善。总之，我们的研究结果表明，高尿酸血症大鼠模型中肠道微生物群的多样性、组成和功能显著改变。

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引用次数: 0

Potential therapeutic solution for Clostridioides difficile infection: Current scenario and future prospects 艰难梭菌感染的潜在治疗方案：现状和未来展望

Q2 Medicine

Medicine in Microecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100121

Chandrashekhar Singh , Anjali Singh , Deepjyoti Singh , Richa Upadhyay

Clostridioides difficile previously known as Clostridium difficile is one of the three most potent human pathogens associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and damage to the colon. Although advanced healthcare facilities with the development of new antibiotics are now available, these are associated with either treatment failure or disease recurrence. Any reason that disturbs the microbiome such as antibiotic treatment, unbalanced diet, stress and chronic disease may allow C. difficile, to adhere, colonize, grow and reproduce and eventually cause disease recurrence. With increasing knowledge about the natural defence mechanism of microbiome against gut pathogens, interest in non-antibiotic alternatives like prebiotics, synbiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics is quickly evolving. The gut microenvironment can be suitably modified by using prebiotics and probiotics either alone or by using their mixture as synbiotics. The gut microbiome prevents pathogen adhesion either by physical competition or by the proliferation of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial products. Besides, there are other possible methods such as faecal matter transplantation (FMT) and microbiome replacement therapies (MRT) for the repopulation of the gastrointestinal tract. In this article, we review current treatment strategies for C. difficile infection (CDI) using prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotic FMT, and MRT. The article will give useful insight into the current therapies of CDI and their future developments.

艰难梭菌以前被称为艰难梭菌，是与抗生素相关性腹泻和结肠损伤相关的三种最有效的人类病原体之一。虽然先进的医疗设施和新抗生素的发展现在是可用的，但这些都与治疗失败或疾病复发有关。任何扰乱微生物群的原因，如抗生素治疗、不平衡的饮食、压力和慢性疾病，都可能使艰难梭菌粘附、定植、生长和繁殖，并最终导致疾病复发。随着对微生物群对肠道病原体的天然防御机制的了解不断增加，人们对益生元、合成菌、益生菌和后益生菌等非抗生素替代品的兴趣也在迅速发展。益生元和益生菌可以单独使用，也可以混合使用，以适当地改变肠道微环境。肠道微生物组通过物理竞争或抗炎和抗菌产品的增殖来防止病原体粘附。此外，还有其他可能的方法，如粪便物质移植（FMT）和微生物组替代疗法（MRT）用于胃肠道的再生。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了目前艰难梭菌感染（CDI）的治疗策略，包括益生元、益生菌、合成菌、生物后FMT和MRT。本文将对目前CDI的治疗方法及其未来发展提供有益的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnostic ability of myxovirus resistance-A in pediatric cases of viral-acute respiratory tract infections with vitamin A and zinc deficiencies 黏液病毒耐药性-A在儿童病毒性急性呼吸道感染伴维生素A和锌缺乏症中的诊断能力

Q2 Medicine

Medicine in Microecology

Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100119

Dian Kesumapramudya Nurputra , Amalia Setyati , Nur Arfian , Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono , Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq

Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) rank among the top ten most common illnesses affecting children in Indonesia. Myxovirus resistance-A (MxA) protein, selectively induced by the activation of type I interferon in response to viral infections, has emerged as a promising biomarker to diagnose viral ARTI. Notably, the activation of interferons is thought to be influenced by plasma vitamin A and zinc levels. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the level of MxA expression in children with vitamin A and zinc deficiencies when experiencing viral ARTI. This cross-sectional study involved a total of 113 subjects, including 53 diagnosed with ARTI due to viral causes based on validated clinical scoring criteria, and 50 healthy controls. To determine the etiology, we conducted blood cultures and employed RT-PCR analysis on nasopharyngeal swabs. Additionally, we assessed plasma levels of vitamin A, zinc, and MxA protein expression. Our findings revealed that subjects with ARTI displayed elevated MxA expression compared to controls. Specifically, MxA expression levels in ARTI cases of viral origin were significantly higher than those in both control and bacterial origin. On closer examination, the vitamin A and zinc non-deficient group exhibited higher MxA expression levels in comparison to the deficient group. However, it is notable that the expression levels in the deficient group remained higher than those in the control group. In summary, MxA protein expression was found to be lower in children with vitamin A and zinc deficiencies when compared to those without deficiencies in cases of viral ARTI. Thus, MxA expression may serve as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing viral from bacterial ARTI, especially in populations where the prevalence of micronutrient-deficient children is high, such as in Indonesia.

急性呼吸道感染是影响印度尼西亚儿童的十大最常见疾病之一。黏液病毒耐药性- a （MxA）蛋白是在病毒感染反应中由I型干扰素激活选择性诱导产生的，已成为诊断病毒性ARTI的一种有前景的生物标志物。值得注意的是，干扰素的激活被认为受到血浆维生素A和锌水平的影响。因此，我们的研究旨在探讨维生素A和锌缺乏的儿童在经历病毒性ARTI时MxA的表达水平。这项横断面研究共涉及113名受试者，其中53名根据经过验证的临床评分标准诊断为由病毒引起的ARTI， 50名健康对照。为了确定病因，我们对鼻咽拭子进行了血培养和RT-PCR分析。此外，我们评估了血浆中维生素A、锌和MxA蛋白的表达水平。我们的研究结果显示，与对照组相比，ARTI患者的MxA表达升高。具体来说，病毒源性ARTI病例的MxA表达水平显著高于对照组和细菌源性ARTI病例。进一步研究发现，维生素A和锌不缺乏组的MxA表达水平高于缺乏组。然而，值得注意的是，缺陷组的表达水平仍然高于对照组。总之，在病毒性ARTI病例中，与不缺乏维生素A和锌的儿童相比，缺乏维生素A和锌的儿童的MxA蛋白表达较低。因此，MxA表达可以作为区分病毒性和细菌性ARTI的诊断工具，特别是在印度尼西亚等微量营养素缺乏儿童患病率高的人群中。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the promise of psychobiotics: Bridging gut microbiota and mental health for a flourishing society 探索精神微生物的前景：为繁荣的社会架起肠道微生物群和心理健康的桥梁

Q2 Medicine

Medicine in Microecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100118

Neel Kamal , Baljeet Singh Saharan , Joginder Singh Duhan , Ashwani Kumar , Payal Chaudhary , Chhaya Goyal , Mukesh Kumar , Nikita Goyat , Meena Sindhu , Priti Mudgil

Mental health problems have become one of the major issues worldwide. People of every age group and gender are facing psychological issues. Conventional medicines are not reliable due to their adverse effects like altered sleeping pattern, addiction and health problems throughout the entire body. Psychobiotics is a new class of probiotics that is serving a wide range of applications in psychological health. Psychobiotic refers to the biological formulation which when consumed in right amount, confers psychological benefits. A lot of studies have supported the function of gut microbiota in mood cognition and controlling anxiety. The mechanism of action of psychobiotics has not been completely investigated. However, it may confer benefits by modulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, by directly influencing immune system and through production of various neurotransmitters and neurohormones like proteins and short fatty acids chains. This review highlights the potential of different bacterial strains in human and animal trials. It latter also covers various psychobiotics formulations marketed by different companies. In addition to this, we also tried to cover the various hurdles in psychobiotic research that need to be addressed in the future to build a prosperous society.

心理健康问题已成为世界性的重大问题之一。每个年龄段和性别的人都面临着心理问题。传统药物不可靠，因为它们的副作用，如改变睡眠模式、成瘾和全身健康问题。心理益生菌是一类新的益生菌，在心理健康方面有着广泛的应用。心理生物制剂是指适量食用后能产生心理作用的生物制剂。大量研究支持肠道菌群在情绪认知和控制焦虑中的功能。精神生物制剂的作用机制尚未完全研究清楚。然而，它可能通过调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴，通过直接影响免疫系统以及通过产生各种神经递质和神经激素（如蛋白质和短脂肪酸链）而带来益处。这篇综述强调了不同菌株在人类和动物试验中的潜力。后者还涵盖了由不同公司销售的各种精神生物制剂。除此之外，我们还试图克服精神生物学研究中的各种障碍，这些障碍需要在未来建设一个繁荣的社会中得到解决。

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引用次数: 0

Biosynthesis of chitosan encapsulated silver- nanoparticles using Probiotic-Lactobacillus plantarum strain and it's in vitro anticancer assessment on HeLa cells 利用益生菌-植物乳杆菌菌株生物合成壳聚糖封装银纳米粒子及其对 HeLa 细胞的体外抗癌评估

Q2 Medicine

Medicine in Microecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100117

Anjali K. Ravi , Saradhadevi Muthukrishnan , Gayathiri Gunasangkaran , Vijaya Anand Arumugam , Velayuthaprabhu Shanmugam , Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel , Marie Arockianathan Pushpam , Ashokkumar Kaliyaperumal

Cervical cancer remains the deadliest cancer among women worldwide. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression by targeting signaling pathways can provide insights into novel therapeutic strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments. Green synthesis of nanoparticles addresses conventional treatment drawbacks like chemotherapy and radiation. This study aims to green synthesize, characterize, and evaluate chitosan-encapsulated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Lactobacillus plantarum probiotics against cervical cancer HeLa cells, targeting the EMT mechanism. The green synthesized chitosan encapsulated Silver- Nanoparticles using probiotic -Lactobacillus plantarum (CS-LP-AgNPs) were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, which showed a peak at 420 nm confirming the reduction of AgNPs. Zeta and DLS analysis revealed the particle surface charge and stability. TEM analysis demonstrated that CS-LP-AgNPs are spherically shaped, with a size of approximately 15.3 nm. XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of CS-LP-AgNPs. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that CS-LP-AgNPs were functionalized with biomolecules. DAPI and double staining were employed to examine characteristic nuclear and morphological changes during apoptosis. Gene expression profiles of EMT in HeLa cell lines were performed to evaluate the anticancer potency of CS-LP-AgNPs. MTT assay demonstrated cytotoxic activity, whereas DAPI/(AO/EB) double staining images showed the induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by CS-LP-AgNPs treatment. CS-LP-AgNPs treated HeLa cells showed decreased SNAIL/EMT via enhancing apoptotic cascade mechanism. Green synthesized CS-LP-AgNPs may be considered an effective anti-cancer drug delivery system for the treatment of CC in the future.

宫颈癌仍然是全球妇女中最致命的癌症。通过靶向信号通路研究肿瘤进展的分子机制，可以深入了解新型治疗策略，克服传统治疗方法的局限性。纳米粒子的绿色合成解决了化疗和放疗等传统治疗方法的弊端。本研究旨在利用植物乳杆菌益生菌，针对宫颈癌 HeLa 细胞的 EMT 机制，绿色合成、表征和评估壳聚糖包裹的银纳米粒子（AgNPs）。利用益生菌植物乳杆菌对绿色合成的壳聚糖包裹银纳米粒子（CS-LP-AgNPs）进行了表征，紫外可见光谱显示在 420 纳米处有一个峰值，证实了 AgNPs 的还原。Zeta 和 DLS 分析显示了颗粒的表面电荷和稳定性。TEM 分析表明 CS-LP-AgNPs 呈球形，大小约为 15.3 nm。XRD 图谱证实了 CS-LP-AgNPs 的结晶性质。傅立叶变换红外光谱证实 CS-LP-AgNPs 被生物大分子功能化。采用 DAPI 和双染色法检测了细胞凋亡过程中细胞核和形态的特征性变化。为了评估 CS-LP-AgNPs 的抗癌效力，对 HeLa 细胞系进行了 EMT 基因表达谱分析。MTT 检测显示了细胞毒性活性，而 DAPI/（AO/EB）双染色图像显示了 CS-LP-AgNPs 处理诱导的 HeLa 细胞凋亡。经 CS-LP-AgNPs 处理的 HeLa 细胞通过增强凋亡级联机制减少了 SNAIL/EMT。绿色合成的CS-LP-AgNPs可作为一种有效的抗癌药物递送系统用于治疗CC。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis by molecular and immunological tools 利用分子和免疫学工具诊断结核性淋巴结炎

Q2 Medicine

Medicine in Microecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2024.100116

Nitin Kumar , Anish Khan , Sanjit Boora , Neha Chadha , Nisha Khan , Puneet Raina , Rajesh Gupta , Raj Singh , Samander Kaushik

Introduction

Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) represents the prevailing presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) that comprises ∼35 % of EPTB cases, respectively and mainly occurs at cervical lymph nodes. Diagnostic challenge in TBL is primarily due to paucibacillary nature of specimens, and most common laboratory tests produced inconclusive findings.

Areas covered

We evaluated the literature on current diagnostic methods for TBL. Smear microscopy, culture, tuberculin skin test, interferon-γ release assay, biochemical assessments, imaging, histopathological, and cytological examination, etc. are various conventional methods used to diagnose TBL but these are insufficient. Further, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), PCR/multiplex-PCR, nested-PCR, real-time PCR, and GeneXpert®MTB/RIF utilized for TBL diagnosis but they have their own merits and demerits. Presently, several tools have been employed for detection of circulating Mtb cell-free DNA (cfDNA) through NAATs, aptamer-linked immobilized sorbent assay, and immuno-PCR (I-PCR), etc.

Conclusion

Currently, there is no single accessible test available for effective diagnosis of TBL. In this review, we summarized all detailed conventional methodologies along with additional tools such as ALISA, I-PCR, and cfDNA for detection of Mtb biomarkers that have been utilized for diagnosis of pulmonary TB (PTB) and various forms of EPTB that may also be investigated for diagnosis of TBL. Early diagnosis and treatment would help in reducing the severe complications associated with TBL such as fistula, ulceration, or abscess formation in lymph nodes.

导言结核性淋巴结炎（TBL）是肺外结核（EPTB）的主要表现形式，占肺外结核病例的35%，主要发生在颈淋巴结。TBL的诊断难题主要在于标本的贫弱性，而且大多数常见的实验室检测都无法得出结论。涂片显微镜检查、培养、结核菌素皮肤试验、干扰素-γ释放测定、生化评估、影像学、组织病理学和细胞学检查等是诊断 TBL 的各种常规方法，但这些方法并不充分。此外，环介导等温扩增（LAMP）、聚合酶链反应/多重聚合酶链反应、巢式聚合酶链反应、实时聚合酶链反应和 GeneXpert®MTB/RIF 等核酸扩增检测（NAAT）也被用于 TBL 诊断，但这些方法各有利弊。目前，已有几种工具通过 NAATs、aptamer-linked 固定吸附剂检测法和免疫 PCR (I-PCR) 等方法检测循环中的 Mtb 细胞游离 DNA (cfDNA)。在这篇综述中，我们总结了所有详细的传统方法以及 ALISA、I-PCR 和 cfDNA 等其他检测 Mtb 生物标记物的工具，这些方法已被用于诊断肺结核（PTB）和各种形式的 EPTB，也可用于 TBL 的诊断。早期诊断和治疗将有助于减少与 TBL 相关的严重并发症，如瘘管、溃疡或淋巴结脓肿的形成。

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