Medicine in Microecology最新文献

Aims

To compared the amniotic fluid and vaginal microbiota of pregnant women, who developed gestational diabetes mellitus to those who did not, and explored if any differences exist in the composition and functional genes of their amniotic fluid and vaginal microbiota.

Methods

We compared the amniotic fluid and vaginal microbiota of five GDM patients and five non-GDM pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy by using metagenomics, and analyzed the characteristics, functions, and differences between two groups.

Results

The analysis of the amniotic fluid showed significant differences in genus and species. In contrast, there was no significant difference in vaginal microbial community structure between two groups. The alpha diversity in the GDM group was higher than the control, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant difference in the species-level beta-diversity measured by Bray–Curtis distance of the amniotic fluid communities between two groups, while no significant differences were observed in the vaginal microbiota. Regarding the functions, we observed that the microbial communities of the amniotic fluid and vaginal secretions were involved in the regulation of a variety of host metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, energy, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, etc. No significant differences were observed between two groups, but different sites exist.

Conclusion

The amniotic fluid of this study was discovered to have a heterogeneous, albeit small in number, community of microorganisms.Our research suggests that gestational diabetes has a very limited impact on the amniotic fluid and vaginal microbiome. The composition and the functions of the microbiota at different sites are different.

Leclercia adecarboxylata is a recently acknowledged emerging pathogen. It is a member of the Enterobacterals family, formerly thought to be a member of the genus Escherichia. Isolation was reported from various animal and environmental specimens. However, it rarely causes infection in humans, and the true frequency is unknown or underestimated. Leclercia adecarboxylata showed an ascending resistance grade from pan-sensitive to Carbapenem-resistant due to its ability to produce and harbour hydrolysing enzymes that challenge daily clinical practices. In our report, the isolate was misidentified as Citrobacter koseri by Analytical Profile Index for Enterobacterals (API E), and as Pantoea species by Vitek 2 but confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S ribosomal RNA analysis as Leclercia adecarboxylata. Conventional PCR revealed the presence of two populations of resistance genes, VIM-1 and OXA-48. Herein, a report of the first clinical emergence of Leclercia adecarboxylata producing VIM-1 in a rectal swab of a 63-year-old non-immunocompromised female with acute intracerebral haemorrhage.

SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly, causing millions of deaths across the globe. As a result, demand for medical supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) surged and supplies dwindled. Separate entirely, hospital-acquired infections have become commonplace and challenging to treat. To explore the potential of novel sterilization techniques, this study evaluated the disinfection efficacy of Fathhome's ozone-based, dry-sanitizing device by dose and time response. Inactivation of human pathogens was tested on non-porous (plastic) surfaces. 95.42–100% inactivation was observed across all types of vegetative microorganisms and 27.36% inactivation of bacterial endospores tested, with no residual ozone detectable after completion. These results strongly support the hypothesis that Fathhome's commercial implementation of gas-based disinfection is suitable for rapid decontamination of a wide variety of pathogens on PPE and other industrially relevant materials.

Preterm birth (PTB) is the main cause of perinatal incidence rate and mortality worldwide and seriously threatens lives of newborns. In order to improve the understanding of PTB etiology, this study aimed to investigate associations between vaginal microbiome and PTB. We conducted an in-depth meta-analysis on publicly available shotgun metagenomics datasets of vaginal microbiome, including comparisons of microbial composition, metabolic pathways, biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), and virulence factors (VFs) between PTB and Healthy groups. Our results showed that 113 species existed in PTB group and 161 species in Healthy group, and their species compositions were significantly different. PTB group was associated with six species, namely Lactobacillus crispatus, Atopobium vaginae, Prevotella bivia, Neisseria subflava, Corynebacterium sp. HMSC078H07 and Capnocytophaga leadbetteri. Between the two groups exhibited 314 significantly different KEGG orthologys. The distribution of BGCs in PTB group were significantly different from that in Healthy group. The total amount of BGCs in PTB group was 95 and they were divided into 12 types, in Healthy group 300 BGCs into 16 types. We also obtained 7080 types of VF genes in PTB group, and 10,748 in Healthy group. The virulence gene with the highest proportion in both groups was ssrA. To conclude, this meta-analysis indicated that significant differences of microbial relative abundance were observed between PTB and Healthy groups. PTB group carried less total amount and types of BGCs, and less types of VFs than those in Healthy group, and PTB group showed significantly different metabolic pathways from Healthy group. We also provided new hypotheses related to vaginal microbiome and PTB.

Microbiome epidemiology is an emerging field for the discovery of novel disease biomarkers or intervention targets in human epidemiological studies. The determinants and consequences of human microbiome variations, especially for the gut microbiome, are both important and unsolved research questions, while the majority of findings of prior research are based on small-scale human studies with limited statistical power and a lack of replication/generalizability across different populations. Here, we initiated the Westlake Gut (WeGut) project, a consortium of gut microbiome-based human cohort studies in China. The WeGut project aims to provide a platform for the integration of gut microbiome data across different cohort studies, including two major components: 1) cohorts for healthy ageing and 2) cohorts for healthy pregnancy. The WeGut consortium includes seven core/foundation cohorts involving over 32,000 participants with gut microbiome and rich phenotype data across 17 provinces/megacities in China. Within the WeGut framework, we hope to disentangle the interplay among diet, lifestyle factors, host genetics and the gut microbiome in human health and explore the role of the gut microbiome for the precision prevention of chronic diseases in Chinese populations.

Liver health has long been linked to the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Although some studies have shown that alterations in the species and function of gut microbiota contribute to the initiation and development of acute liver injury (ALI), studies investigating the effects of ALI on gut microbial dynamic composition changes are still limited. To observe whether liver damage can alter the composition of gut microbiota dynamically, we established three chemical models (e.g., acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride, lipopolysaccharide) of ALI. Using these models, multiple time points of liver injury and intestinal microbiome were analyzed through plasma biochemical analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We assessed α-diversity, Unifrac principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) in the injury and control groups. The composition of the gut microbiota underwent dramatic shifts with liver injury and recovery in each model. Additionally, specific microbial abundance was significantly correlated with the level of plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. These data provide new evidence that liver dysfunction and restoration is dynamically linked with the changes in the intestinal microbiome.

Dietary fiber intake in humans is nowadays substantially decreased as compared to the communities of ancestral populations. Accompanying that, the incidences of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), allergy, and other autoimmune diseases are steadily increasing over the past 60 years, especially in high-income countries, which is partly attributed to the changing dietary habit in modern societies. Chronic inflammation triggered by immune disorders is the central part of the pathophysiology of various non-communicable diseases. Dietary fiber intake is inexorably linked to the gut microbiome leading to the reduction of inflammation. This review explores how dietary fibers modulate the gut microbiota composition and function leading to the alteration of host physiology. High-fiber dietary regime has been consistently shown to increase the microbiome alpha diversity and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria in the human gut. SCFAs are the main players in the interplay between diet, microbiota, and host health. In clinical settings, therapies with high fiber or SCFA supplementations are proposed for inflammatory diseases. However, due to greater variations in the dosage, type, and duration of dietary fiber intervention in different clinical trials, the effects remain controversial. Unraveling the mechanisms exerted by dietary fiber in synergy with the gut microbiome in human pathophysiology holds a promising prospect in guiding next-generation precision therapies.

A main cause of cancer-related mortality, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. A number of variables, including a poor dietary and lifestyle, genetics, metabolic problems, and inheritance, are linked to the risk of CRC. However, it has been studied extensively about the involvement of various environmental factors which facilitates the development of this particular type of cancer in both genders. These elements includes excessive consumption of meat, refined grain and their products, starch, sugars in distinct forms, and alcohol are at top of the list. Hence, to execute the significance of Lactobacillus acidophilus CGMCC 878 (L.A 878) which may possibly hinder the development as well as progression of chemically induce colorectal tumor in in-vivo model via transformation of gut microbiota. We had established CRC in male Sprague-Dawley rats through subcutaneously inject the carcinogen named 1,2 dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride (DMH). We had detected the microbial diversity among different groups which included in the study by evaluation of stool samples by the virtue of molecular genetic computation. Although, we had targeted the bacterial V3 region by using classic molecular technique of PCR-DGGE (Polymerase chain reaction- Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) followed by excision of amplified bands and were cloned for sequencing. The DGGE profiles of distinct groups demonstrated significant alterations between DMH group, short-term L. acidophilus group (p ​< ​0.05), and the long-term L. acidophilus group (P 0.001). The fecal-glucuronidase was significantly overexpressed in DMH group associated with long-term L. acidophilus group (p ​< ​0.05). Hence, prolong administration of L.A 878 could reduce the development of colorectal tumors in rats by altering the intestinal pathogenic bacteria (Ruminococcus obeum, Clostridium thermocellum, Bacteroides vulgates, Mycoplasma leachii, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica) and beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus). These observations suggested that Lactobacillus acidophilus CGMCC 878 may have therapeutic potential in attenuating carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) tract.