Medicine in Microecology最新文献

{"title":"Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients exhibited multidrug resistance in Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"Hassan Bawa ,&nbsp;Kabiru Mohammed ,&nbsp;Abdulrazak Nuhu ,&nbsp;Abdulmalik Shuaibu ,&nbsp;Farhan Rhidor Akorede ,&nbsp;Olalekan Adesola ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bashir Bello ,&nbsp;Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Carbapenemase-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> is one of the top priority pathogens responsible for treatment failures in cystic fibrosis, abscess and soft tissue infections. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> in patients visiting two major public hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two hundred and four samples were collected from in- and outpatients attending two major public hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria. Identifying <em>P. aeruginosa</em> involved culturing on cetrimide agar and confirming by PCR detection of the <em>oprI</em> and <em>oprL</em> genes <em>specific to P. aeruginosa.</em> Isolates were screened for sensitivity to ten antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. To identify carbapenemase production, isolates resistant to meropenem and imipenem were further screened using the combined disc synergy test. Molecular detection of carbapenemase was done using PCR detection of <em>bla</em>_VIM, <em>bla</em>_KPC and <em>bla</em>_IMP genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of the 204 samples collected, 26 (12.7 %) of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> were recovered. All 26 isolates demonstrated resistance to more than three classes of antibiotics tested. Notably, 19.2 % (5/26) of the isolates were pan-drug-resistant to all antibiotics tested. Besides, 65.4 % (14/26) of isolates were at least resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, cefotaxime, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. A combined disk synergy test showed six isolates to produce carbapenemase enzyme. Likewise, <em>bla</em>_VIM and <em>bla</em>_IMP were detected in all of these isolates, while <em>bla</em>_KPC was not detected in any.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The presence of carbapenemase-producing <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (carrying <em>bla</em>_VIM and <em>bla</em>_IMP genes) among hospital patients in Sokoto and the high antibiotic resistance detected represent a challenging threat to public health. Further research is crucial to understanding this carbapenemase gene's transmission source and developing effective strategies to combat it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The subtle threat of human papilloma virus: A comprehensive overview","authors":"Nisha Beniwal ,&nbsp;Baljeet Singh Saharan","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oncogenic viruses that flourish in people as well as animals can produce malignances. With almost more than 200 different forms, human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main oncogenic virus present in the reproductive tract. The most common form is HPV 16; large amounts of this type have been found in warty and basaloid vulvar cancer. Particularly HPV strains 6, 11, and 18, which are linked to vaginal cancer, women who participate in sexual activity have a higher risk of obtaining HPV. Comprising five species and a 7.9 kilobase genome, HPV consists in 120 identified strains. Men have more HPV infections than women; 11.5 % of men and 3.2 % of women get infected with HPV. Men who engage in oral intercourse with two or more partners had the highest prevalence of oral HPV infection; high-risk oral HPV is linked with factors including cigarette and marijuana usage. Because of concurrent genital HPV infection, women had three times higher oral HPV infection rate. As HPV DNA can transform normal breast cells into a unique and self-sustaining phenotype, conision is a definitive sign of HPV infection. Linked to HPV, cancer is a major worldwide burden; several types of cancers in humans are brought on by HPV infection. Cryotherapy for cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN), photodynamic therapy (PDT), prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated PDT, HPV inactivation by antiviral medicine and salicylic acid, and medications against cancer and monoclonal antibodies comprise treatment and preventive techniques. Among the FDA-approved treatments for several malignancies include Bleomycin sulfates, gemcitabine and cisplatin, topotecan hydrochloride, bevacizumab, pembrolizumab, platinum and fluorouracil, and durvalumab. This paper offers a thorough review of HPV-related cervical cancer addressing issues including pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, infection, epidemiology, global effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing antimicrobial efficacy: Gum acacia-enriched Lactobacillus consortium against multidrug-resistant pathogens","authors":"Jinal Bhola,&nbsp;Rama Bhadekar","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has rendered many pathogens impervious to conventional antibiotics, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. This study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of a Gum Acacia-enriched Active GRAS Consortium (AGC), composed of <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em>, <em>L. acidophilus</em>, and <em>L. casei</em> var. <em>rhamnosus</em>, against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. AGC formulations, with (Set IV) and without (Set III) gum acacia, were tested against clinical isolates of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Set IV demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones reaching 18.7 mm, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as low as 0.83 mg/ml, and strong biofilm inhibition. Mechanistic assays revealed amplified DNA release from treated pathogens and unique antimicrobial protein profiles (&lt;6.5 kDa) stabilized by gum acacia. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed severe ultrastructural damage, including membrane disruption and lysis, in Set IV-treated pathogens. Adhesion assays on Caco-2 cells highlighted Set IV's ability to reduce pathogen adhesion to 5 %, outperforming non-GA enriched formulation. These results underscore the synergistic role of probiotics and natural polysaccharides, like gum acacia, in combating MDR pathogens. Set IV's dual action-direct pathogen inhibition and biofilm disruption-positions it as a promising candidate for alternative or adjunctive therapies in AMR management. This study highlights the potential of integrating probiotics and prebiotics to create innovative solutions addressing the global AMR crisis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into the impact of environmental pollution on gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) mediated metabolic dysregulation","authors":"S.P. Ramya Ranjan Nayak ,&nbsp;Anamika Das ,&nbsp;Ki Choon Choi ,&nbsp;M. Valan Arasu ,&nbsp;S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam ,&nbsp;Ajay Guru ,&nbsp;Jesu Arockiaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an undeniable link between environmental pollution and various metabolic disorders, as well as increased mortality rates. This phenomenon has become a significant concern in the health field over the past few decades. Multiple scientific studies have provided evidence that environmental pollutants can directly disturb the equilibrium of gut microbiota. It is well-known that an imbalance in gut microbes leads to alterations in their metabolic byproducts. A notable byproduct is short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), mainly generated through the fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates by gut bacteria. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that SCFAs have a significant impact on overall health and the development of various diseases. Recent advancements in SCFA research have highlighted their considerable effects on various physiological systems operating at the cellular and molecular levels. Considering the role of SCFAs in regulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and histone deacetylase (HADC), it becomes evident that their upregulation or downregulation can significantly impact the development of various diseases. This review explores the impact of various environmental pollutants on SCFA levels. Furthermore, it delves into the possible implications of SCFAs on developing different diseases and the intricate molecular mechanisms involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut brain axis and gut microbiome in glioblastoma. Associations, treatment and outcomes","authors":"Nandita Ganesh ,&nbsp;Azeena Saleem ,&nbsp;Roja Babu ,&nbsp;Praveenkumar Kochuthakidiyel Suresh","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of the fundamental functions of the body hinge on the gut-brain axis which is a complex communication system connecting gut and brain. Recent studies show that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in the growth and progression of glioblastoma (GBM), influenced through this gut-brain connection. This review focuses on the recent development in gut brain axis and gut microbiome in GBM, including their roles in the immune system, and the results of treatment. We conducted a broad review to explore how the gut microbiota affects neurotransmitters, the immune system, and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in GBM by analysing the recent studies published in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Elsevier. Findings suggest that the gut microbiota population affects the GBM progression and sustenance. Also, it is observed that there is significant influence of gut microbiota in novel treatment strategies of GBM such as immunotherapy. The gut-brain axis plays an important role GBM progression. Changing the gut microbiota could be a useful treatment strategy. Future studies are required to further explore in which specific microbes are involved in order to identify microbiota-based markers to improve GBM treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The effect of oral bacterial lysates on the respiratory microbiome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations – A pilot study” [Med Microecol, Volume 14, December 2022, 100067]","authors":"Yafei Qi ,&nbsp;Zhou Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Liu ,&nbsp;Junhao Yang ,&nbsp;Weimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinlun Huang ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Weijie Guan ,&nbsp;Zhang Wang ,&nbsp;Yinhuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the therapeutic promise of Trichodesma indicum: A phytochemical, antioxidant, and in silico insights into anti-arthritis properties","authors":"Thavasiaanatham Seenivasan Shalini ,&nbsp;Ragothaman Prathiviraj ,&nbsp;Poomalai Senthilraja","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study provides a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of <em>Trichodesma indicum</em> methanolic leaf extract, highlighting its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-arthritic properties. The extract's total phenolic content was quantified as 2.28 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of dry weight. In contrast, total flavonoid content was measured at 2.48 μg quercetin equivalents (QE) per gram. The extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. DPPH radical scavenging assay revealed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity for the methanolic extract (25–150 μg/mL), with inhibition percentages ranging from 10.69 ± 0.7 % to 45.65 ± 0.7 %. Ascorbic acid, used as a standard, exhibited comparable inhibition (17.16 ± 0.6 % to 49.18 ± 0.6 %). ABTS radical scavenging assays further confirmed the extract's antioxidant potential, showing 36.79 ± 0.6 % inhibition at 100 μg/mL, marginally exceeding ascorbic acid (35.82 ± 0.5 %). Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays indicated dose-dependent activity, with the extract reducing Fe³⁺ at 39.80 ± 0.4 % (25 μg/mL) to 54.55 ± 0.5 % (100 μg/mL), closely mirroring ascorbic acid (52.93 ± 0.5 % to 61.91 ± 0.6 %<strong>)</strong> along with antibacterial effects against five pathogens, with inhibition zones ranging from 13 to 26 mm. Functional group analysis via FT-IR confirmed the presence of diverse bioactive constituents, while HR-LCMS identified 72 phytocompounds (35 in positive ionization; 37 in negative ionization) which 52 passed ADMET screening, most exhibited good solubility (−2.336 to −4.539 log units) and blood-brain barrier penetration indicating their potential pharmacokinetic suitability. Molecular docking studies further validated the therapeutic potential of these compounds, with Grossamide (PubChem ID: 101262727) demonstrating the highest binding affinity against both antibacterial (LibDock score: 173.57 shown as <em>E. coli</em>; GyrB) and anti-arthritic, Sphinganine (PubChem ID: 91486) exhibiting multi-interaction binding modes of (LibDock score: 169.42; 6COX) and Grossamide (LibDock score: 201.94; 8K5V) as lead candidates, Thus, <em>T. indicum</em> promising bioactive molecules that could serve as effective candidates for antimicrobial and anti-arthritic drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gut-skin axis in psoriasis: Evidence-based insights from a meta-analysis on probiotics-synbiotics-mediated microbiota interventions","authors":"Nurlinah Amalia ,&nbsp;Danar Wicaksono ,&nbsp;Elvan Wiyarta ,&nbsp;Derren David Christian Homenta Rampengan ,&nbsp;Hari Darmawan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Reva Aditya ,&nbsp;Ariq Fadhil Athallah ,&nbsp;Maulana Bagus Adi Cahyono ,&nbsp;Aiman Idrus Alatas ,&nbsp;Trina Ekawati Tallei ,&nbsp;Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata ,&nbsp;Arun K. Bhunia ,&nbsp;Fahrul Nurkolis","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin condition, has been intricately linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis through the gut-skin axis. This meta-analysis synthesizes data from 15 randomized controlled trials encompassing 1,423 participants to evaluate the efficacy of gut microbiota interventions—probiotics and synbiotics—in psoriasis management. The findings reveal that probiotics significantly improved the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (Mean Difference [MD]: −4.05, 95 % CI: −6.73 to −1.38; p &lt; 0.0001) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (MD: −5.74, 95 % CI: −11.45 to −0.03; p = 0.0001), outperforming synbiotics and systemic pharmacological therapies such as anti-TNF-α and anti-interleukin agents. Notably, probiotics demonstrated superior systemic anti-inflammatory (TNF-α and IL-17) and immunomodulatory responses, and enhanced gut barrier integrity. This study highlights probiotics as a promising adjunct or alternative therapy, paving the way for integrative treatment strategies that address psoriasis's multifaceted pathophysiology. Future research should focus on long-term efficacy and molecular mechanisms to optimize outcomes. These findings could redefine therapeutic paradigms, offering a cost-effective and accessible solution for millions of psoriasis patients worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The past, present, future of Listeria monocytogenes: Understanding the molecular pathways, antibiotic resistance and public health implications","authors":"Arpita Anupama,&nbsp;Veilumuthu Pattapulavar,&nbsp;John Godwin Christopher","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance is a grave, potential threat to global health due to the continuing difficulty in treating bacterial infections. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans and animals increase this resistance by creating \"superbugs\" impervious to multiple drug therapies. One pathogen that is acquiring resistance is <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, a gram-positive bacterium responsible for listeriosis, mainly in immunocompromised individuals. This pathogen's potential for biofilm formation in food processing environments enhances the threat even more, since such biofilms protect the bacteria from standard cleaning procedures and enhance its resistance to antibiotics. <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> has several mechanisms of resistance against antibiotics by genetic alternations, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation, which exclude the antibiotic, and enzymatic degradation. These mechanisms make the bacteria successful in surviving a hostile environment and resisting several classes of antibiotics; hence, listeriosis is increasingly difficult to treat. It is, therefore, very important to understand the molecular dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes and its strategies of resistance if the design of new therapeutic approaches is to be successful and public health measures are to be effective in controlling the spread of the pathogen. Precisely, this paper attempts a detailed review of the mechanisms of <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance, together with public health implications that call for urgent innovative strategies in the war against this resilient pathogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of clinical evidence","authors":"Subhiksha Shekar,&nbsp;Ramesh Venkatachalapathy,&nbsp;Akash Jayaraman,&nbsp;N. Sai Supra Siddhu","doi":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medmic.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targeting the gut-brain axis, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy for treating Parkinson's disease (PD), reducing both motor and non-motor symptoms. With an emphasis on gut microbiota changes, disease progression, and symptom alleviation, this systematic review assesses the safety and effectiveness of FMT in PD patients. Four RCTs, one observational research, one non-randomized control study, one case series, and one case report were among the eight papers that were considered; these studies comprised 144 patients in total. Key findings show that FMT has a good safety profile with only mild to severe adverse effects observed, and it significantly improves PD symptoms, notably constipation. Colonic, Nasointestinal, and oral administration were among the delivery routes used to assess treatment effectiveness using the MDS-UPDRS scale. The research reveals differences in the makeup of microbiota and emphasizes how FMT may affect the gut-brain axis, hence resolving neurological abnormalities in Parkinson's disease. Small sample numbers, variations in FMT methods, and the absence of long-term follow-up data are some of the limitations. This study highlights FMT's potential as an adjunctive treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in improving patient quality of life and reducing non-motor symptoms. To provide standardized procedures and validate long-term safety and effectiveness, bigger multicentre trials are necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36019,"journal":{"name":"Medicine in Microecology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}