Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy最新文献

Resilience is the ability to adapt and thrive to adversities, traumas, threats, or significant sources of stress. Given that resilience is associated with internal and environmental factors, it could be enhanced through interventions that promote such factors. Psychotherapy may work as an intervention that favors resilience. There is evidence that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for treating several problems in diverse populations. Therefore, CBT could be the most indicated therapeutic approach to enhance resilience among individuals. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of CBT interventions on adults’ resilience. The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022353059) and followed the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were carried out in PsycNet, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. Forty-three studies were included. Most studies carried out exclusively CBT-based and its procedures mainly involved cognitive restructuring. Interventions ranged from 3 to 48 sessions lasting 45 to 150 min. The meta-analyses indicated evidence of CBT effectiveness in promoting resilience in post-intervention (SMD = 0.73 [95% CI: 0.2–1.25], p = 0.007) and evidence that CBT sustains enhanced resilience in follow-up (SMD = 1.17 [95% CI: 0.01–2.34], p = 0.05). Our findings support the statement that CBT may lead to several beneficial outcomes, including resilience.

Background

Current guidelines recommend the Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) to manage tics, which aims to reverse tic habits. Though CBIT has shown significant tic reduction in many, some patients remain non-responders. The Cognitive Psychophysiological treatment (CoPs) offers an alternative approach, focusing on modifying cognitive, behavioral, and physiological processes. Previous studies highlighted CoPs' effectiveness in reducing tics and improving neurocognitive performance. This paper presents the first direct trial comparing CoPs and CBIT.

Aims and hypotheses

Our goal was to compare CBIT and CoPs in children and adults. We hypothesized that the CoPs group would show superior clinical improvement than the CBIT group.

Method

Ninety-eight participants were randomized into each of the two modalities, including 61 children and 37 adults

Procedure

Participants were evaluated pre-post, and at one- and six-months post-treatment using standardized scales. The manualized treatments included 12 to 14 sessions for an average duration (from randomization to follow-up) of 41 weeks.

Analyses

A linear mixed model was used to test treatment effects on outcome measures.

Results

Of 120 initial participants, 98 were randomized to CBIT or CoPs. About 23% shifted to teletherapy due to COVID-19. Both treatments lowered YGTSS scores, with no modality differences. The CoPs group showed significant GAF score increases, and teletherapy participants had higher scores than in-person. Clinical change between CBIT and CoPs was similar.

Conclusion

Both CoPs and CBIT effectively address tic severity. While CoPs offer a holistic restructuring approach, it was not found superior to CBIT, underscoring the need for continued research for tic treatment.

Online highly visual social networking site (HVSNS) use has been associated with a range of negative emotional outcomes. The current pilot study examined the acceptability and feasibility of a 13-minute Social Media Aware (SMA) video intervention based on cognitive restructuring strategies that was designed to improve well-being and body image following HVSNS use. A single-arm within-subjects design was used. Fifty-nine participants between the ages of 16 and 79 (Mage = 28.97, SD = 16.04) were recruited to undertake the intervention followed by 10 min of passive HVSNS use. Self-report measures of well-being and body image outcomes were completed prior to intervention, immediately post-intervention and one week following. Data was gathered regarding acceptability of the program and social comparison experiences when using HVSNSs. The SMA program was highly acceptable to participants. Participants reported experiencing a range of negative social comparisons when using HVSNSs across many areas of life and self, including perceived happiness, excitement in life, success, relationships, and attractiveness. The program also led to an immediate reduction in negative affect (p = <0.001, Hedges g = 0.47), but this was no longer significant after one week. Feasibility benchmarks were not met, with 57.6% participant retention (34 participants) at 1-week follow-up, 30 complete cases available for analysis (50.9%), and initial difficulties recruiting within the university setting. The SMA program demonstrated high acceptability to users and promise in reducing negative affect following passive HVSNS use. Progress to a larger randomised controlled trial with follow-up is justified; however, participant retention issues should be addressed.

Background

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is the third-most prevalent mental health disorder in Singapore, with an increasing treatment delay and a high level of burden.

Objective

Given the potential for therapist-guided Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (I-CBT) to provide accessible, time- and cost-effective treatment, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of I-CBT among Singaporeans with OCD.

Methods

Twenty-five participants underwent a 10-week therapist-guided I-CBT program that was adapted to suit the Singaporean context. It consists of psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure and response prevention as well as relapse prevention. Participants’ OCD, depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as level of functioning and quality of life (QoL) were assessed at three time points: pre-treatment, post-treatment and one-month follow-up. Therapist time and participants’ satisfaction with the program were measured.

Results

All participants completed the I-CBT program. Significant reductions were found in OCD symptoms, with large within-group effect sizes at post-treatment (p <.001, Cohen’s d = 2.64) and at one-month follow-up (p <.001, Cohen’s d = 2.23). A total of 40 % had their OCD symptoms in remission. I-CBT also resulted in clinically significant improvements in depressive (p <.001) and anxiety symptoms (p <.001) as well as improvements in functioning (p <.001) and QoL (p <.001). The program required a mean of 129 (SD = 89.8) minutes of therapist time and was regarded as acceptable by OCD sufferers in Singapore.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that therapist-guided I-CBT is promising in reducing OCD symptoms. However, randomized control trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this innovative treatment delivery method.

Introduction

Depression has previously been found to emerge from and be perpetuated by negative cognitive biases. However, a plethora of underlying psychological mechanisms are likely to be involved in the relationship. The current study investigated whether maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies such as self-blame, rumination, and catastrophising may mediate the link between negative cognitive biases and depression.

Methods

Participants (n = 251) completed the study via the internet data collection software, Pavlovia. The Self-Referent Encoding Task was used to measure self-referential and memory biases while maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and depression were assessed using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety Scales, respectively.

Results

Results showed that maladaptive strategies mediate the relationship between cognitive biases and depression. The tendency to blame oneself for playing an influential role in a negatively perceived life event seems to play a key role in the negative cognitive bias-depression relationship.

Conclusion

Therapists should consider focusing their efforts on reducing self-blame when clients demonstrate evidence of self-referential and memory bias. Interventions may include refocusing blame on others, rather than the self.

Self-compassion is the willingness to feel acceptance and kindness towards oneself. It is correlated with many health outcomes and is used in various research fields. This study focuses on the factorial structure of the short version of the self-compassion scale for a French population. Confirmatory factor analyses tested the structure of the French short version in comparison with the structure for the short version in other languages (1, 2, 3 and 6 factors). Results show that the 6-factor structure has the best-fit indices. The external validity of the 6-dimensional scale was then tested using different questionnaires targeting stress, self-esteem, affect and mindfulness. The results highlight the self-regulatory abilities, especially in stressful situations, of people with high self-compassion, and also distinguish self-compassion from related concepts such as mindfulness skills or self-esteem. Taken as a whole, the results reinforce the necessity to consider the 6 sub-dimensions as 6 specific and independent factors. This short version of the self-compassion scale, addressed to French speakers, reduces the time required to complete the questionnaire while still having access to a 6-dimensional structure.

Objectives

An up-and-coming concept that is gaining traction in the study of psychological states is psychological flexibility. This term refers to the individual’s ability to be fully present in real time, think with openness, and act in a way that promotes his or her life in ways important to the individual. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study in Israel has utilized Psy-Flex, a measurement tool for assessing psychological flexibility, and a Hebrew version of the tool has not been validated. This study aims to validate Psy-Flex-Heb by applying established validation protocols and leveraging insights from prior research on psychological flexibility measurements. The investigation delves into the associations between Psy-Flex-Heb and key psychological variables such as well-being, sense of meaning in life, and mindfulness. Additionally, the study rigorously examines and confirms the one-dimensional factor structure of Psy-Flex-Heb.

Methods

In this study, we conducted a psychometric evaluation by translating Psy-Flex into Hebrew (Psy-Flex-Heb) and examining its internal consistency and psychometric properties in 103 participants from the general population.

Results

The reliability of Psy-Flex-Heb scores based on Cronbach's alpha was 0.91. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that Psy-Flex-Heb fit a one-factor model. We found significant correlations between Psy-Flex-Heb, psychological flexibility (measured by.

Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – version 2 [AAQ-II]), well-being, meaning in life, and mindfulness.

Conclusions

The results strengthen the one-dimensional construct of psychological flexibility and show Psy-Flex-Heb is a reliable measure that can be useful in both research and practice.

Despite high prevalence of anxiety, current interventions for family carers of people with dementia are considered to be not as effective for anxiety as they are for depression. Understanding the mechanism by which a common stressor (i.e. carer subjective burden) and underlying psychological processes influence anxiety among this population is critical to inform these interventions. Roles of two psychological processes were explored: experiential avoidance in caregiving (attempt to control distressing thoughts/feelings related to caregiving) and cognitive fusion (tendency for one’s behaviour to be overly regulated by thoughts). With a sample of seventy-seven family carers, this study examined the indirect effect of carer subjective burden (ZBI-12) on anxiety (GAD-7) through experiential avoidance in caregiving (EACQ) and cognitive fusion (CFQ) using path analysis approach. The whole sample model showed a good fit to the data and accounted for 54 % of the variance in anxiety. The indirect effect of carer subjective burden on anxiety through its effect on cognitive fusion (β = 0.17), and its combined effect on experiential avoidance in caregiving and cognitive fusion (β = 0.01) were significant. Given the higher explanatory value of cognitive fusion alone, facilitating cognitive defusion through psychological interventions may be critical for preventing clinically significant levels of anxiety, particularly among those carers experiencing high levels of carer subjective burden. Results also demonstrated that carers with higher experiential avoidance in caregiving may be prone to cognitive fusion, which in turn could lead to greater anxiety. Therefore, early interventions targeting experiential avoidance may be beneficial for preventing increased cognitive fusion and anxiety.

Objective

The goal of the study was to conduct a pilot test of the effectiveness of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) for the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Serious Mental Illness (SMI). Method: An open pilot trial was conducted at a certified community behavioral health center with 49 participants with major depressive, bipolar, or psychotic disorders to evaluate CPT which comprised of 12 individual weekly therapy sessions and included education about trauma and PTSD, emotional processing of the trauma, and cognitive restructuring of trauma-related stuck-point beliefs, with a specific focus on safety, trust, control, esteem, and intimacy. Results: The results demonstrated statistically significant changes in PTSD and depression symptoms and improvement in end-state functioning. Conclusion: Results demonstrate promising evidence of CPT in addressing PTSD and end-state functioning in the SMI population. Findings warrant rigorously designed trials with a focus on people with comorbid psychotic disorders and PTSD.