Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy最新文献

There are a wide range of interventions designed to target emotional regulation, but there has yet to be a holistic examination of their comparable effectiveness. The aim of this review was to map the landscape of interventions targeting emotional regulation difficulties and identify their effectiveness and the methodologies employed. Controlled studies examining the impact of interventions targeting emotion regulation in children and adults were included in the review. This review demonstrated that there was considerable heterogeneity in the conceptualisation of emotional regulation, the characteristics and mental health problems of the participants, the measures used, and the duration of follow-up assessment (where one was reported). In addition, the emotional regulation interventions used in the studies were adapted in many cases. Together, this heterogeneity makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the specific circumstances where emotional regulation interventions will be more effective than alternatives and precluded a meta-analysis of the included papers. Clinicians and researchers should examine the relevant literature closely when selecting interventions and measures for research and practice to ensure that these are appropriate for the aims and intended outcomes of their work.

This pilot study examines change in dialysis patients’ depressive and anxiety symptoms after participation in a technology-assisted, entertaining, 8-session CBT program called Doing Better on Dialysis (DBD). A one-group pre-/post- test design assessed symptom change over time (baseline, post-treatment, three-month follow-up). Nonparametric tests, including Wilcoxon signed rank tests and Friedman’s related samples tests, were used to assess outcomes. Participants experienced a statistically and clinically significant decrease in depressive symptoms between baseline (Median = 12.00, n = 8) and post-treatment (Median = 5.00, n = 7) assessments, as measured by the PHQ-9 (z = −2.12, p = .034). Similar, though non-significant, patterns were observed for anxiety, via the GAD-7. Friedman’s tests revealed a significant overall pattern of difference on the PHQ-9 across all three timepoints in the expected direction. This pilot study provides preliminary support for DBD as a depression treatment for end stage kidney disease patients.

Psychotherapy continually evolves through innovative approaches, with single-case methodology gaining prominence for its detailed insights into individual psychological interventions. This article briefly explores the historical roots and empirical foundation of the single-case methodology and underlines the significance of single-case methodology in psychotherapy by stressing the limitations of group studies and advantages of single-case studies. It then exposes some of the most frequent designs with their pros and cons, presents a scale to assess methodological biases relevant for appraising the scientific literature on single-case studies and for planning research in the field, exposes guidelines to publish single-case research articles as well as briefly introduces relevant elements related to data analyses and statistics. The resurgence of single-case methodology in the 21st century, driven by advancements in statistical methods and influences from evidence-based medicine and education, underscores their growing importance. The flexibility of this methodology allows for adaptation to various research and clinical settings, accommodating complex and individualized treatment plans.

This article aims to guide clinicians and researchers in the field of cognitive and behavior therapy in conducting and publishing single-case studies with a rigorous methodological approach, highlighting the value of single-case methodology in advancing personalized, evidence-based psychotherapy.

Aim

The prevalence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increasing globally. This is the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of group-based psychotherapy in NSCLC patients with depression in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A non-randomized controlled intervention study was conducted on 40 depressed adult patients with NSCLC at the Vietnam National Cancer Hospital (VNCH) from August 2021 to August 2022. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, nine items (PHQ-9) with a cutoff 8. The virtual group intervention consisted of eight weekly sessions with the facilitation of two trained non-specialists under specialist’s supervision. Quantitative data from 16 participants in each arm were analyzed using proper statistics, with a statistical significance 0.05.

Results

Depression remission was observed in both groups. The decrease in the median PHQ-9 score of the intervention group (from 10.5 to 7) was higher than that of the control group (from 10.5 to 9 score). The intervention yielded a 29% reduction in the risk of depression relative to the control group (RR = 0.71). However, these findings were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Notably, participants in the intervention group who remained depressed attended significantly fewer sessions on average compared to their counterparts in the control group (1.4 vs. 5.1 sessions), the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05)

Conclusion

Group psychological intervention led by non-specialists is a promising approach to managing mental health problems in cancer patients, especially in online formats with low cost. It is of necessity to have more larger studies with long term follow-up in the study.

In vivo exposure is a highly effective but rarely implemented treatment for agoraphobia. Most of the patients receive medication or cognitive therapy without exposure because of a high expenditure of money and time for in vivo exposure. Exposure in virtual reality (VR) is easier to implement but the effectiveness of stimulating fear compared to in vivo exposure is still questionable. Therefore, in this study, the effects of in vivo and VR exposure on subjective symptom burden and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed. 30 healthy individuals with fears in narrow rooms went through in vivo and VR exposure in a randomized order while HRV parameters (RMSSD, HF) and subjective symptom burden was assessed. Linear mixed models were calculated. The effect of condition (VR vs. in vivo), scenario (varying conditions in narrow rooms) and slot (first 30 s, peak, last 30 s) on RMSSD and HF was assessed. A random effect for participants (random-intercept term) to allow the intercept to vary across participants was included. Regarding RMSSD and HF, participants showed significantly higher levels during in vivo exposure compared to exposure in VR (RMSSD: p = 0.005; HF: p < 0.001), reflecting a stronger activation of the parasympathetic nervous system during in vivo exposure or presumably higher stress levels during VR exposure. This study highlights the necessity of assessing subjective and objective parameters allowing the evaluation of the effectiveness of fear stimulation by exposure approaches.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the benefits of a psychoeducational game for the ADHD knowledge and coping strategies of children and parents, and its effects on ADHD symptoms and executive functioning.

Method

34 parents’ and 34 children’s knowledge of ADHD and coping strategies (7–13 years old, 26 boys), and children’s ADHD symptoms and executive functioning were measured before and after a four-week control phase and after a four-week test phase during which the families played with the game.

Results

(1) An improvement of children’s knowledge about ADHD was found; (2) both parents and children showed an increase in their reported number of coping strategies; (3) small improvements in ADHD symptoms and executive functioning were reported by the parents.

Conclusions

Playing was beneficial for both the children and their parents. However, the results underline the children’s difficulty in describing their ADHD and in perceiving the help provided by their parents.

Patients in psychotherapy occasionally invoke biogenetic explanations for their mental health problems. For example, they may propose that they are feeling depressed because of a “chemical imbalance” in their brain. Here we suggest while there are undoubtably genetic and neurobiological factors that play a role in depression, there may be circumstances in which invoking such explanations serves as an emotion regulation strategy that decreases self-blame and redirects attention away from more intense emotional experiences. First, we review the blame-reducing effect of biogenetic narratives from empirical data and clinical case studies. Second, we introduce a new scale – The Biogenetic Emotion Regulation Scale (BERS) – that attempts to capture this regulatory function. In two samples of college students (total N = 1,403), strategies to reduce personal blame for anxiety and depression by attributing these experiences to biochemical factors were endorsed by a minority of students. These strategies were correlated with avoidance-based emotion regulation strategies including expressive suppression and externalizing blame and were also correlated with symptoms. We provide clinical recommendations to prompt introspection and discussion when biogenetic narratives come up in practice.