Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1080/19322880802384251
A. R. Bollinger, Carlos A. Cuevas, M. Vielhauer, E. Morgan, T. Keane
ABSTRACT The psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C) were calculated for a population of HIV-seropositive individuals, using diagnoses and scores from the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) as the criterion measure. Results indicated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) higher than that of the general population, with 12.3% of participants meeting criteria for PTSD in the past month. The PCL-C exhibited excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .94 for the whole measure. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve yielded an optimum cut score of 52 to determine the presence of PTSD as measured by the CAPS. This resulted in a sensitivity of .71, a specificity of .84, and a diagnostic efficiency of .82. Although this cut score yielded a slightly higher diagnostic efficiency, the cut score of 50 provided the optimal balance between sensitivity (.86) and specificity (.79)
{"title":"The Operating Characteristics of the PTSD Checklist in Detecting PTSD in HIV+ Substance Abusers","authors":"A. R. Bollinger, Carlos A. Cuevas, M. Vielhauer, E. Morgan, T. Keane","doi":"10.1080/19322880802384251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802384251","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C) were calculated for a population of HIV-seropositive individuals, using diagnoses and scores from the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) as the criterion measure. Results indicated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) higher than that of the general population, with 12.3% of participants meeting criteria for PTSD in the past month. The PCL-C exhibited excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .94 for the whole measure. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve yielded an optimum cut score of 52 to determine the presence of PTSD as measured by the CAPS. This resulted in a sensitivity of .71, a specificity of .84, and a diagnostic efficiency of .82. Although this cut score yielded a slightly higher diagnostic efficiency, the cut score of 50 provided the optimal balance between sensitivity (.86) and specificity (.79)","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115806644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1080/19322880802492237
T. Newton, Ivy K. Ho
ABSTRACT This study examined emotion occurrence, intensity, and variability in the natural environment in a sample of women with histories of interpersonal victimization. Using paper-and-pencil diaries, women rated emotion experiences (joyful/happy, sad, angry, anxious, tense/frustrated, worried) over an average of 13 hr. Posttraumatic stress symptom severity was uniquely correlated with greater intensity and variability, but not occurrence, of certain negative emotions, and with less frequent occurrence but greater variability of joy/happiness. Intrusive reexperiencing was uniquely associated with greater variability of both anxiety and joy/happiness. Results suggest that women with more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms do not experience more episodes of negative emotion but, once emotion occurs, they have difficulty modulating its intensity. Problems with emotions may motivate treatment seeking among traumatized individuals, and such problems may endure even when PTSD symptoms per se remit. This underscores the potential practical implications of naturalistic studies of emotion among individuals who have experienced psychological trauma.
{"title":"Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Emotion Experience in Women: Emotion Occurrence, Intensity, and Variability in the Natural Environment","authors":"T. Newton, Ivy K. Ho","doi":"10.1080/19322880802492237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802492237","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined emotion occurrence, intensity, and variability in the natural environment in a sample of women with histories of interpersonal victimization. Using paper-and-pencil diaries, women rated emotion experiences (joyful/happy, sad, angry, anxious, tense/frustrated, worried) over an average of 13 hr. Posttraumatic stress symptom severity was uniquely correlated with greater intensity and variability, but not occurrence, of certain negative emotions, and with less frequent occurrence but greater variability of joy/happiness. Intrusive reexperiencing was uniquely associated with greater variability of both anxiety and joy/happiness. Results suggest that women with more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms do not experience more episodes of negative emotion but, once emotion occurs, they have difficulty modulating its intensity. Problems with emotions may motivate treatment seeking among traumatized individuals, and such problems may endure even when PTSD symptoms per se remit. This underscores the potential practical implications of naturalistic studies of emotion among individuals who have experienced psychological trauma.","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115899197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1080/19322880802492260
Allison Myers, Ryan Montes, C. Marker
{"title":"Conspiracy of Faith: Fighting for Justice After Child Abuse. By Wilmer, G.","authors":"Allison Myers, Ryan Montes, C. Marker","doi":"10.1080/19322880802492260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802492260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125105548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1080/19322880802384384
S. F. Allen, B. Pfefferbaum, Anne Cuccio, J. Salinas
ABSTRACT Child injuries are the largest cause of morbidity and mortality among youth in the United States. However, there has been less research attention focused on psychiatric sequelae of serious childhood injuries than on other types of childhood trauma. This article reviews psychiatric sequelae following childhood injury and examines the risk and resilience factors relative to developing posttraumatic stress symptoms following a traumatic injury. Practical applications of risk and protective factors are illustrated through a hospital consultation regarding a 12-year-old girl who sustained an injury following an accident with a lawn mower. Diagnostic and clinical implications regarding psychiatric sequelae following childhood injuries are discussed.
{"title":"Early Identification of Children at Risk for Developing Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Following Traumatic Injuries","authors":"S. F. Allen, B. Pfefferbaum, Anne Cuccio, J. Salinas","doi":"10.1080/19322880802384384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802384384","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Child injuries are the largest cause of morbidity and mortality among youth in the United States. However, there has been less research attention focused on psychiatric sequelae of serious childhood injuries than on other types of childhood trauma. This article reviews psychiatric sequelae following childhood injury and examines the risk and resilience factors relative to developing posttraumatic stress symptoms following a traumatic injury. Practical applications of risk and protective factors are illustrated through a hospital consultation regarding a 12-year-old girl who sustained an injury following an accident with a lawn mower. Diagnostic and clinical implications regarding psychiatric sequelae following childhood injuries are discussed.","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126739894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1080/19322880802492229
J. Burnham, Lisa M. Hooper, Emily Edwards, Jacalyn M. Tippey, Amanda C. McRaney, M. A. Morrison, Jennifer A. Underwood, Emily K. Woodroof
ABSTRACT Several studies have found that youth have increased fears after exposure to disasters, although few studies have examined the effects of the Hurricane Katrina disaster among youth (Weissbecker, Sephton, Martin, & Simpson, 2008). The authors investigated fears among a homogenous sample of children and adolescents exposed to Hurricane Katrina in two of the hardest hit areas of Louisiana and Mississippi. Fears were examined using the American Fear Survey Schedule for Children (Burnham, 1995, 2005). Gender and age effects were compared among children and adolescents exposed to Hurricane Katrina (N = 245) versus a control group (N = 251) with no exposure to Hurricane Katrina. Findings suggested that the children exposed to Hurricane Katrina were significantly more fearful in general and reported more fears related to Hurricane Katrina in particular (e.g., loss of property, fear of hurricanes). However, consistent with other disaster-related studies, there were more similarities than differences in the study findings between the Hurricane Katrina sample and the control group. Recommendations for future research and clinical practice focused on fears and the psychological after effects of disasters on children and adolescents are discussed.
{"title":"Examining Children's Fears in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina","authors":"J. Burnham, Lisa M. Hooper, Emily Edwards, Jacalyn M. Tippey, Amanda C. McRaney, M. A. Morrison, Jennifer A. Underwood, Emily K. Woodroof","doi":"10.1080/19322880802492229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802492229","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Several studies have found that youth have increased fears after exposure to disasters, although few studies have examined the effects of the Hurricane Katrina disaster among youth (Weissbecker, Sephton, Martin, & Simpson, 2008). The authors investigated fears among a homogenous sample of children and adolescents exposed to Hurricane Katrina in two of the hardest hit areas of Louisiana and Mississippi. Fears were examined using the American Fear Survey Schedule for Children (Burnham, 1995, 2005). Gender and age effects were compared among children and adolescents exposed to Hurricane Katrina (N = 245) versus a control group (N = 251) with no exposure to Hurricane Katrina. Findings suggested that the children exposed to Hurricane Katrina were significantly more fearful in general and reported more fears related to Hurricane Katrina in particular (e.g., loss of property, fear of hurricanes). However, consistent with other disaster-related studies, there were more similarities than differences in the study findings between the Hurricane Katrina sample and the control group. Recommendations for future research and clinical practice focused on fears and the psychological after effects of disasters on children and adolescents are discussed.","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125975133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1080/19322880802492252
J. Ford
{"title":"Collaborative Treatment of Traumatized Children and Teens. By Saxe, G. N., Ellis, B. H., & Kaplow, J. B.","authors":"J. Ford","doi":"10.1080/19322880802492252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802492252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116550139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-04DOI: 10.1080/19322880802266821
Roxanna Mercado, A. Martínez-Taboas, O. Pedrosa
ABSTRACT Previous investigations have documented strong associations between eating disorders, dissociation, and childhood sexual abuse (CSA). In this study we examined such a relationship with female Hispanic psychiatric inpatients. Twenty-eight patients with a history of CSA and 28 patients without CSA completed various instruments, among them a survey of eating styles, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, a brief scale of abusive experiences, and a clinical diagnostic interview. One main finding was that patients with CSA reported a significantly greater amount of behavioral, cognitive, and biological symptoms of dysfunctional eating styles. In addition, dissociation was significantly correlated with the severity of CSA and with dysfunctional eating styles. Our findings consistently corroborates that female patients with a history of CSA tend to experience a wide plethora of dysfunctional eating behaviors.
{"title":"Childhood Sexual Abuse, Eating Disturbance and Dissociation: A Study in Puerto Rico","authors":"Roxanna Mercado, A. Martínez-Taboas, O. Pedrosa","doi":"10.1080/19322880802266821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802266821","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Previous investigations have documented strong associations between eating disorders, dissociation, and childhood sexual abuse (CSA). In this study we examined such a relationship with female Hispanic psychiatric inpatients. Twenty-eight patients with a history of CSA and 28 patients without CSA completed various instruments, among them a survey of eating styles, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, a brief scale of abusive experiences, and a clinical diagnostic interview. One main finding was that patients with CSA reported a significantly greater amount of behavioral, cognitive, and biological symptoms of dysfunctional eating styles. In addition, dissociation was significantly correlated with the severity of CSA and with dysfunctional eating styles. Our findings consistently corroborates that female patients with a history of CSA tend to experience a wide plethora of dysfunctional eating behaviors.","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134534618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-19DOI: 10.1080/19322880802266805
J. Ford
ABSTRACT Psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent among adults with severe mental illness. A sample of 38 women in intensive community mental health services was assessed with psychometrically validated structured interview measures. Exposure to multiple types of psychological traumas was reported by 95% of respondents; almost half (44%) met criteria for current PTSD, and an equal number met criteria for Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS). Another 40% did not meet criteria for either PTSD or DESNOS. Women of color were less likely than White women to meet criteria for PTSD. Although no specific type of psychological trauma was particularly associated with PTSD, sexual and medical trauma were strongly and consistently associated with DESNOS. Among women of color, domestic violence and traumatic loss due to drunk driving fatalities were particularly prevalent. Income was generally low but not associated with risk of trauma exposure or either PTSD or DESNOS. Implications for trauma-informed services for women with severe mental illness are discussed.
{"title":"Ethnoracial Minority Background, Psychological Trauma, PTSD, and DESNOS Among Urban Low-Income Women with Severe Mental Illness","authors":"J. Ford","doi":"10.1080/19322880802266805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802266805","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent among adults with severe mental illness. A sample of 38 women in intensive community mental health services was assessed with psychometrically validated structured interview measures. Exposure to multiple types of psychological traumas was reported by 95% of respondents; almost half (44%) met criteria for current PTSD, and an equal number met criteria for Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS). Another 40% did not meet criteria for either PTSD or DESNOS. Women of color were less likely than White women to meet criteria for PTSD. Although no specific type of psychological trauma was particularly associated with PTSD, sexual and medical trauma were strongly and consistently associated with DESNOS. Among women of color, domestic violence and traumatic loss due to drunk driving fatalities were particularly prevalent. Income was generally low but not associated with risk of trauma exposure or either PTSD or DESNOS. Implications for trauma-informed services for women with severe mental illness are discussed.","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124652075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-19DOI: 10.1080/19322880802231841
J. Cook
{"title":"Mapping Trauma and its Wake: Autobiographic Essays by Pioneer Trauma Scholars, Edited by C. R. Figley","authors":"J. Cook","doi":"10.1080/19322880802231841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802231841","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128941385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-19DOI: 10.1080/19322880802266854
G. Gaither
{"title":"Perversion of Power: Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church, By M. G. Frawley-O'Dea","authors":"G. Gaither","doi":"10.1080/19322880802266854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802266854","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":" 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120937430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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