Pub Date : 2008-09-19DOI: 10.1080/19322880802266813
Edward M. Varra, L. Pearlman, Kathleen J. Brock, S. Hodgson
ABSTRACT The factor structure of the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale was examined using a large extant database (N = 2,407). The data were semirandomly split into 2 subsamples. An initial 3-factor solution was explored on the first subsample and replicated in the second subsample. Principle Axis Factoring with Varimax rotation revealed 3 stable factors that were largely replicated in the analysis of the second half of the data. These 3 factor solutions were examined, and 3 congruent subscales were derived. These subscales were named Self, Other, and Safety and are consistent with important aspects of Constructivist Self-Development Theory, in which the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale is grounded. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
{"title":"Factor Analysis of the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale: A Measure of Cognitive Schema Disruption Related to Traumatic Stress","authors":"Edward M. Varra, L. Pearlman, Kathleen J. Brock, S. Hodgson","doi":"10.1080/19322880802266813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802266813","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The factor structure of the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale was examined using a large extant database (N = 2,407). The data were semirandomly split into 2 subsamples. An initial 3-factor solution was explored on the first subsample and replicated in the second subsample. Principle Axis Factoring with Varimax rotation revealed 3 stable factors that were largely replicated in the analysis of the second half of the data. These 3 factor solutions were examined, and 3 congruent subscales were derived. These subscales were named Self, Other, and Safety and are consistent with important aspects of Constructivist Self-Development Theory, in which the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale is grounded. Clinical and research implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129409167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-19DOI: 10.1080/19322880802266847
Michael Cotsell
{"title":"Response from Michael Cotsell, PhD","authors":"Michael Cotsell","doi":"10.1080/19322880802266847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802266847","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123888168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-19DOI: 10.1080/19322880802266797
April M. Fritch, Shannon M. Lynch
ABSTRACT Group treatment is often used for adult victims of interpersonal violence (IPV). Despite widespread use of group treatment with interpersonal trauma survivors, there is limited research assessing the effectiveness of these treatments. This article discusses a theoretical rationale for using group therapy in the treatment of adult survivors of IPV, reviews the relevant empirical group treatment outcome literature, and provides recommendations for future research.
{"title":"Group Treatment for Adult Survivors of Interpersonal Trauma","authors":"April M. Fritch, Shannon M. Lynch","doi":"10.1080/19322880802266797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802266797","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Group treatment is often used for adult victims of interpersonal violence (IPV). Despite widespread use of group treatment with interpersonal trauma survivors, there is limited research assessing the effectiveness of these treatments. This article discusses a theoretical rationale for using group therapy in the treatment of adult survivors of IPV, reviews the relevant empirical group treatment outcome literature, and provides recommendations for future research.","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127387540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-19DOI: 10.1080/19322880802266839
D. Coolhart
{"title":"Helping Abused and Traumatized Children: Integrating Directive and Nondirective Approaches, By E. Gil","authors":"D. Coolhart","doi":"10.1080/19322880802266839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802266839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"84 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126345927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-09-19DOI: 10.1080/19322880802266862
J. Ford
{"title":"Trauma-Centered Group Psychotherapy for Women, By H. Lubin & D. R. Johnson","authors":"J. Ford","doi":"10.1080/19322880802266862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802266862","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128456172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-12DOI: 10.1080/19322880802231817
Richard Thompson, Tisha R. A. Wiley
The final three chapters of the book compose the section titled “Treatment Issues and Approaches.” Moving into specific treatment strategies, Yates provides a summary of cognitive-behavioral interventions aimed at reducing reoffending. Techniques include anger management, instilling victim empathy, addressing deviant sexual arousal, and combating attitudes that support sexual offending and victim empathy. The last of these techniques is the sole focus of the chapter by Carich and colleagues. While recognizing that victim empathy is a commonly used component of treatment in some areas, these authors provide a number of techniques that clinicians can utilize to enhance offender’s empathy level. The other chapter in this treatment section reviews the various psychopharmacological treatments of men with paraphilic disorders (a diagnostic category to which sexual offenders belong). The authors review the current data on the “efficacy and tolerability” of testosterone lowering agents and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In sum, this book covers a range of issues that are relevant when working with sex offenders. Theory, assessment, public policy, treatment, and evaluation are given sufficient attention. A relative strength of the book is that many of the authors recognize the limitations of the current literature or discuss controversial issues, giving fair play to each side. The authors are clearly experts in their chosen areas, and both the experienced clinician and the emerging scholar in this area will benefit from reading this book.
{"title":"Handbook for the Treatment of Abused and Neglected Children by P. F. Talley","authors":"Richard Thompson, Tisha R. A. Wiley","doi":"10.1080/19322880802231817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802231817","url":null,"abstract":"The final three chapters of the book compose the section titled “Treatment Issues and Approaches.” Moving into specific treatment strategies, Yates provides a summary of cognitive-behavioral interventions aimed at reducing reoffending. Techniques include anger management, instilling victim empathy, addressing deviant sexual arousal, and combating attitudes that support sexual offending and victim empathy. The last of these techniques is the sole focus of the chapter by Carich and colleagues. While recognizing that victim empathy is a commonly used component of treatment in some areas, these authors provide a number of techniques that clinicians can utilize to enhance offender’s empathy level. The other chapter in this treatment section reviews the various psychopharmacological treatments of men with paraphilic disorders (a diagnostic category to which sexual offenders belong). The authors review the current data on the “efficacy and tolerability” of testosterone lowering agents and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In sum, this book covers a range of issues that are relevant when working with sex offenders. Theory, assessment, public policy, treatment, and evaluation are given sufficient attention. A relative strength of the book is that many of the authors recognize the limitations of the current literature or discuss controversial issues, giving fair play to each side. The authors are clearly experts in their chosen areas, and both the experienced clinician and the emerging scholar in this area will benefit from reading this book.","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"679 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116951788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-12DOI: 10.1080/19322880802231809
M. Kenny
{"title":"Identifying and Treating Sex Offenders: Current Approaches, Research and Techniques by R. Geffner, K. Crumpton Franey, T. A. Geffner, R. Falconer, and S. Taylor","authors":"M. Kenny","doi":"10.1080/19322880802231809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802231809","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129982270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-12DOI: 10.1080/19322880802231759
E. Somer, S. Maguen, Victor Moin, A. Boehm, T. Metzler, B. Litz
ABSTRACT The effects of community cohesion were explored following a terrorist attack in Israel, during which an explosion on a public bus in a metropolitan city killed and wounded multiple individuals. Participants were 115 Israelis who resided in three specified perimeters around the area of impact. Data collected immediately following the attack and 1 month later included demographics, proximity and exposure to the terrorist event, community cohesion, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. For individuals reporting low and moderate degrees of exposure to the terror event, PTSD symptoms increased as community cohesion increased. However, for those with high exposure, PTSD symptoms and community cohesion were inversely related. Furthermore, for those who lived closest to the terror event, as community cohesion increased, PTSD symptoms decreased. However, for individuals who lived farther away from the terror event, community cohesion was positively associated with PTSD symptoms. One month following the attack, community cohesion did not significantly predict PTSD symptoms.
{"title":"The Effects of Perceived Community Cohesion on Stress Symptoms Following a Terrorist Attack","authors":"E. Somer, S. Maguen, Victor Moin, A. Boehm, T. Metzler, B. Litz","doi":"10.1080/19322880802231759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802231759","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of community cohesion were explored following a terrorist attack in Israel, during which an explosion on a public bus in a metropolitan city killed and wounded multiple individuals. Participants were 115 Israelis who resided in three specified perimeters around the area of impact. Data collected immediately following the attack and 1 month later included demographics, proximity and exposure to the terrorist event, community cohesion, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. For individuals reporting low and moderate degrees of exposure to the terror event, PTSD symptoms increased as community cohesion increased. However, for those with high exposure, PTSD symptoms and community cohesion were inversely related. Furthermore, for those who lived closest to the terror event, as community cohesion increased, PTSD symptoms decreased. However, for individuals who lived farther away from the terror event, community cohesion was positively associated with PTSD symptoms. One month following the attack, community cohesion did not significantly predict PTSD symptoms.","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129203961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-12DOI: 10.1080/19322880802231775
Jeffrey L. Kibler, J. Lyons
ABSTRACT A growing literature supports the inclusion of cognitive therapy components in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and, in many cases, concomitant depression. However, further research is needed to examine whether cognitive therapies may serve as an effective approach to emotional regulation in cases of chronic treatment-resistant PTSD (e.g., combat veterans who have been in treatment for 20 or more years). This article outlines a brief outpatient cognitive emotion-management group with a present focus. The intervention, based on cognitive appraisal theory, is designed to reduce negative cognitive appraisals and depressive symptoms among individuals with treatment-resistant PTSD. Participants were 21 men and women (4 male cohorts and 1 female cohort) in a VA treatment program for trauma-related distress who met screening criteria for high depressive symptoms and evidenced maladaptive cognitive appraisals of stress. For 14 participants with complete data, the treatment yielded partial improvement in cognitive appraisals and improvement in depressive symptoms. Although conclusions are tempered by the absence of a control group and the small sample, these findings provide preliminary support for the treatment protocol.
{"title":"Brief Cognition-Focused Group Therapy for Depressive Symptoms in Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study","authors":"Jeffrey L. Kibler, J. Lyons","doi":"10.1080/19322880802231775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802231775","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A growing literature supports the inclusion of cognitive therapy components in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and, in many cases, concomitant depression. However, further research is needed to examine whether cognitive therapies may serve as an effective approach to emotional regulation in cases of chronic treatment-resistant PTSD (e.g., combat veterans who have been in treatment for 20 or more years). This article outlines a brief outpatient cognitive emotion-management group with a present focus. The intervention, based on cognitive appraisal theory, is designed to reduce negative cognitive appraisals and depressive symptoms among individuals with treatment-resistant PTSD. Participants were 21 men and women (4 male cohorts and 1 female cohort) in a VA treatment program for trauma-related distress who met screening criteria for high depressive symptoms and evidenced maladaptive cognitive appraisals of stress. For 14 participants with complete data, the treatment yielded partial improvement in cognitive appraisals and improvement in depressive symptoms. Although conclusions are tempered by the absence of a control group and the small sample, these findings provide preliminary support for the treatment protocol.","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130515375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-12DOI: 10.1080/19322880802231783
R. Hanson, E. Ralston, S. Self-Brown, K. Ruggiero, B. Saunders, Allison Gaw Love, P. Sosnowski, Rebecca Williams
ABSTRACT This article provides a description and preliminary evaluation of the Child Abuse School Liaison (CASL) program, which was designed to target the secondary prevention of child abuse via education of teachers and school personnel. The CASL program provides workshop training and liaison consultation services to increase knowledge of mandated reporting laws and to improve educators' abilities to identify and respond effectively to suspicion or disclosure of abuse. Preliminary evaluation results indicate that participants were highly satisfied with the training and evidenced significant increases in knowledge regarding child maltreatment and mandated reporting laws. Ongoing evaluation efforts and future directions for research are discussed.
{"title":"Description and Preliminary Evaluation of the Child Abuse School Liaison Program: A Secondary Prevention Program for School Personnel","authors":"R. Hanson, E. Ralston, S. Self-Brown, K. Ruggiero, B. Saunders, Allison Gaw Love, P. Sosnowski, Rebecca Williams","doi":"10.1080/19322880802231783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19322880802231783","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article provides a description and preliminary evaluation of the Child Abuse School Liaison (CASL) program, which was designed to target the secondary prevention of child abuse via education of teachers and school personnel. The CASL program provides workshop training and liaison consultation services to increase knowledge of mandated reporting laws and to improve educators' abilities to identify and respond effectively to suspicion or disclosure of abuse. Preliminary evaluation results indicate that participants were highly satisfied with the training and evidenced significant increases in knowledge regarding child maltreatment and mandated reporting laws. Ongoing evaluation efforts and future directions for research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":360233,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Psychological Trauma","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134614625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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