Abstract This paper presents the results of a study of 67 disused Lutheran cemeteries situated in the Pisz and Maskulińskie Forest Divisions (the southern part of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province). An inventory of gravestones and vegetation was compiled, and the types, sizes and geographical coordinates of the cemeteries were determined using a GPS receiver. The paper also presents an evaluation of the cemeteries, illustrated through examples in the Maskulińskie Forest Division. The best preserved and/or most interesting cemeteries are going to be included on a tourism trail.
{"title":"Evaluation And Development Opportunities Of The Disused Lutheran Cemeteries Within The Maskulińskie And Pisz Forest Divisions For Thanatourism","authors":"S. Sobotka, A. Długozima","doi":"10.2478/tour-2014-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/tour-2014-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the results of a study of 67 disused Lutheran cemeteries situated in the Pisz and Maskulińskie Forest Divisions (the southern part of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province). An inventory of gravestones and vegetation was compiled, and the types, sizes and geographical coordinates of the cemeteries were determined using a GPS receiver. The paper also presents an evaluation of the cemeteries, illustrated through examples in the Maskulińskie Forest Division. The best preserved and/or most interesting cemeteries are going to be included on a tourism trail.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"67 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68924033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article presents an outline of the evolution of the geography of disability (since the 1930s) taking into account significant issues in the creation of theoretical foundations as well as practical action in ‘accessible tourism’. It may be considered a review. Based on an analysis of literature, the first section presents a definition of ‘accessible tourism’ and the development of the geography of disability, the result of which is the geographical model of disability. The second section is a synthetic presentation of the effect of geographical research on the development of theoretical accessible tourism concepts and their implications in practice. The final conclusions highlight the need to identify the level of detail in universal design principles applied to buildings, spaces, services, which are to fulfil the criteria of accessibility for people with various types of disability.
{"title":"The Contribution Of The Geography Of Disability To The Development Of ‘Accessible Tourism’","authors":"A. Zajadacz","doi":"10.2478/tour-2014-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/tour-2014-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents an outline of the evolution of the geography of disability (since the 1930s) taking into account significant issues in the creation of theoretical foundations as well as practical action in ‘accessible tourism’. It may be considered a review. Based on an analysis of literature, the first section presents a definition of ‘accessible tourism’ and the development of the geography of disability, the result of which is the geographical model of disability. The second section is a synthetic presentation of the effect of geographical research on the development of theoretical accessible tourism concepts and their implications in practice. The final conclusions highlight the need to identify the level of detail in universal design principles applied to buildings, spaces, services, which are to fulfil the criteria of accessibility for people with various types of disability.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"19 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/tour-2014-0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68923880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the spatial diversity of the tourism function in the rural areas of Pomerania province and the changes which occurred in 1995-2013. The tourism function has been determined by means of two characteristics: the number of tourists using accommodation and the number of businesses registered in the REGON system in sections H or I. To quantify the tourism function a synthetic measure has been used according to a procedure by Zioło (1973). Based on this, five levels of the development of the tourism function have been determined. The quantitative and spatial changes occurring in the development of the tourism function in rural areas have then been analyzed. Particular emphasis has been placed on the so-called tourism communes, i.e. those where the tourism function is at least at a ‘moderate’ level of development. For these communes, nine functional types have been determined, based on two characteristics (average duration of stay and share of year-round accommodation), changes which occurred in this respect in 1995-2013 have also been determined.
{"title":"The Tourism Function Of Rural Areas In Pomerania Province: Diversity And Change","authors":"M. Durydiwka","doi":"10.2478/tour-2014-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/tour-2014-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the spatial diversity of the tourism function in the rural areas of Pomerania province and the changes which occurred in 1995-2013. The tourism function has been determined by means of two characteristics: the number of tourists using accommodation and the number of businesses registered in the REGON system in sections H or I. To quantify the tourism function a synthetic measure has been used according to a procedure by Zioło (1973). Based on this, five levels of the development of the tourism function have been determined. The quantitative and spatial changes occurring in the development of the tourism function in rural areas have then been analyzed. Particular emphasis has been placed on the so-called tourism communes, i.e. those where the tourism function is at least at a ‘moderate’ level of development. For these communes, nine functional types have been determined, based on two characteristics (average duration of stay and share of year-round accommodation), changes which occurred in this respect in 1995-2013 have also been determined.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"39 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/tour-2014-0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68923644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper has employed a three-factor model of constraints, which differentiates intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural. The study was carried out on a sample of N = 981 adult residents of Poland. The three most common barriers constraining attendance at attractions were identified: availability, high entrance fees and lack of time. The constraints were found to be related to a number of socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, education, size of place of residence and household income per capita. Three market segments limited by similar constraints and showing similar attraction attendance behaviour were identified with their socio-demographic characteristics.
{"title":"Constraints To Attendance At Visitor Attractions: The Case Of Museums, Zoos And Botanic Gardens","authors":"M. Nowacki","doi":"10.2478/tour-2014-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/tour-2014-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper has employed a three-factor model of constraints, which differentiates intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural. The study was carried out on a sample of N = 981 adult residents of Poland. The three most common barriers constraining attendance at attractions were identified: availability, high entrance fees and lack of time. The constraints were found to be related to a number of socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, education, size of place of residence and household income per capita. Three market segments limited by similar constraints and showing similar attraction attendance behaviour were identified with their socio-demographic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"29 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/tour-2014-0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68923890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Tourism attractions are an important segment of the tourism market; they play an immense role in shaping the geography of the tourism movement. In spite of that studies devoted to tourism attractions are undertaken relatively rarely. In the present article, the author presents the results of research devoted to attendance at various types of tourism attraction in Poland, along with an attempt to identify the factors determining their popularity which is measured by the number of visitors. Among others, the author distinguishes the so-called flagship attractions which are of importance for the identity and general image of individual regions.
{"title":"Analysis Of Visitor Attendance At Polish Tourism Attractions","authors":"Z. Kruczek","doi":"10.2478/tour-2014-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/tour-2014-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tourism attractions are an important segment of the tourism market; they play an immense role in shaping the geography of the tourism movement. In spite of that studies devoted to tourism attractions are undertaken relatively rarely. In the present article, the author presents the results of research devoted to attendance at various types of tourism attraction in Poland, along with an attempt to identify the factors determining their popularity which is measured by the number of visitors. Among others, the author distinguishes the so-called flagship attractions which are of importance for the identity and general image of individual regions.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"47 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/tour-2014-0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68923711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the paper the characteristics of one of the most valuable rivers in Łódź, the Jasień, are described. The Jasień is a unique example of a river once working for industry but now existing as untapped tourism potential despite its negative image and even being partly forgotten. The description of the most valuable historical hydro-technical work along the river’s course is given with some useful historical information. In the summary, a suggestion of how the river bank might become a trigger for studying Łódź’s history, as its industrial development was so strongly related to the river network.
{"title":"Past Industrial Traces of the Jasień River in the Tourism Space of Łódź","authors":"Joanna Jędruszkiewicz, P. Moniewski","doi":"10.1515/tour-2015-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2015-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the paper the characteristics of one of the most valuable rivers in Łódź, the Jasień, are described. The Jasień is a unique example of a river once working for industry but now existing as untapped tourism potential despite its negative image and even being partly forgotten. The description of the most valuable historical hydro-technical work along the river’s course is given with some useful historical information. In the summary, a suggestion of how the river bank might become a trigger for studying Łódź’s history, as its industrial development was so strongly related to the river network.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"37 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article fits into the category of a conceptual-discursive article. Its aim is to discuss the application of ‘mixed methods’ in research concerning tourist behaviours, especially in the city. The article consists of a part presenting a set of methods used to study such behaviours and a part discussing the results concerning the application of a proposed research procedure algorithm. The authors take a behavioural approach and propose using a quasi-experimental method combined with techniques of mobility monitoring (GPS), and the qualitative methods used in sociological research. The article presents a discussion concerning ‘mixed methods’, discusses a proposed algorithm of research procedure and presents conclusions following the joint application of these methods.
{"title":"Applying ‘Mixed Methods’ In The Study Of Tourist Behaviours In The City – An Example Of Conceptualization And Application (Discursive Article)","authors":"J. Kotus, M. Rzeszewski","doi":"10.2478/tour-2014-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/tour-2014-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article fits into the category of a conceptual-discursive article. Its aim is to discuss the application of ‘mixed methods’ in research concerning tourist behaviours, especially in the city. The article consists of a part presenting a set of methods used to study such behaviours and a part discussing the results concerning the application of a proposed research procedure algorithm. The authors take a behavioural approach and propose using a quasi-experimental method combined with techniques of mobility monitoring (GPS), and the qualitative methods used in sociological research. The article presents a discussion concerning ‘mixed methods’, discusses a proposed algorithm of research procedure and presents conclusions following the joint application of these methods.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"57 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/tour-2014-0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68924017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the paper is to present selected ice phenomena occurring on the waters of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea which may be of tourism value. On the basis of his own observations and research over the period 2002-11, the author analysed interesting ice phenomena documented in 20 photographs showing in the main ice forms (grease ice ridges, ice hummocks, thrust ice). The photographs present the sea (8), lagoons (7) and lakes (5). The author has included brief descriptions of selected ice phenomena, focusing on interesting forms and their origins, which may encourage potential tourists to observe and explore ice-covered water bodies. Ice tourism could be a part of cognitive, environmental, specialist, hiking, winter, seasonal or even occasional tourism.
{"title":"Ice Phenomena As A Tourism Asset On The Southern Coast Of The Baltic Sea","authors":"J. Girjatowicz","doi":"10.2478/tour-2014-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/tour-2014-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the paper is to present selected ice phenomena occurring on the waters of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea which may be of tourism value. On the basis of his own observations and research over the period 2002-11, the author analysed interesting ice phenomena documented in 20 photographs showing in the main ice forms (grease ice ridges, ice hummocks, thrust ice). The photographs present the sea (8), lagoons (7) and lakes (5). The author has included brief descriptions of selected ice phenomena, focusing on interesting forms and their origins, which may encourage potential tourists to observe and explore ice-covered water bodies. Ice tourism could be a part of cognitive, environmental, specialist, hiking, winter, seasonal or even occasional tourism.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"77 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68924044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the article is to raise and discuss, according to contemporary research findings, the most important reservations regarding the concept of sustainable (harmonious) tourism development as well as the barriers to the implementation of its principles in practice. The author points to ambiguities in the interpretation of the term ‘sustainability’ and, as a result, the methodological implications for tourism studies including the problem of measuring and evaluating ‘sustainability’ in tourism development processes. In addition it considers the social hostility towards limiting consumption in tourism and the growing climatic, economic and political instability at tourism destinations hindering its implementation of the concept of sustainability. In conclusion, the author proposes a new paradigm for sustainable tourism which does not directly relate to the imperative of harmonious interconnection between differing development goals and values in tourism.
{"title":"Sustainable Tourism: A Critique Of The Academic Feasibility Of The Concept","authors":"Mirosław Mika","doi":"10.2478/tour-2014-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/tour-2014-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the article is to raise and discuss, according to contemporary research findings, the most important reservations regarding the concept of sustainable (harmonious) tourism development as well as the barriers to the implementation of its principles in practice. The author points to ambiguities in the interpretation of the term ‘sustainability’ and, as a result, the methodological implications for tourism studies including the problem of measuring and evaluating ‘sustainability’ in tourism development processes. In addition it considers the social hostility towards limiting consumption in tourism and the growing climatic, economic and political instability at tourism destinations hindering its implementation of the concept of sustainability. In conclusion, the author proposes a new paradigm for sustainable tourism which does not directly relate to the imperative of harmonious interconnection between differing development goals and values in tourism.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"17 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2478/tour-2014-0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68923871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article presents a continuation of research on the distribution of travel agencies in Łódź, carried out in the mid-1990s, 2006 and 2010 by academics from the Institute of Urban and Tourism Geography. Observations on Łódź travel agencies over the last 25 years lead to the conclusion that it is a dynamic phenomenon. Agencies appear and disappear, change their names and locations, as well as their aims and range of activity. The paper presents a short historical outline of travel agency development in Łódź, a classification of agencies based on aims and range of activity, as well as their distribution within city space. The conclusions concern certain limitations and threats to the further development of Łódź travel agencies resulting from external (formal) and internal causes.
{"title":"Travel Agencies in Łódź at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Their Origins, Types and Distribution","authors":"J. Latosińska","doi":"10.1515/tour-2015-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2015-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents a continuation of research on the distribution of travel agencies in Łódź, carried out in the mid-1990s, 2006 and 2010 by academics from the Institute of Urban and Tourism Geography. Observations on Łódź travel agencies over the last 25 years lead to the conclusion that it is a dynamic phenomenon. Agencies appear and disappear, change their names and locations, as well as their aims and range of activity. The paper presents a short historical outline of travel agency development in Łódź, a classification of agencies based on aims and range of activity, as well as their distribution within city space. The conclusions concern certain limitations and threats to the further development of Łódź travel agencies resulting from external (formal) and internal causes.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"105 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67393639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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