Abstract This article is a terminological discussion concerning sports tourism and those experts who stress its complexity, multifacetedness and heterogeneity. They distinguish between passive and active participation in sports disciplines and at the same time stress the huge role this form of tourism plays in stimulating regional development, mostly due to organizing mass events. This paper is based on the statements of eight experts from different research centres dealing with tourism (mainly sports tourism) accompanied by the authors’ attempt to ‘standardise’ them by referring to the subject literature.
{"title":"Sports Tourism: Terminological Discussion","authors":"Justyna Mokras-Grabowska","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article is a terminological discussion concerning sports tourism and those experts who stress its complexity, multifacetedness and heterogeneity. They distinguish between passive and active participation in sports disciplines and at the same time stress the huge role this form of tourism plays in stimulating regional development, mostly due to organizing mass events. This paper is based on the statements of eight experts from different research centres dealing with tourism (mainly sports tourism) accompanied by the authors’ attempt to ‘standardise’ them by referring to the subject literature.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"38 1","pages":"13 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67393827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article presents a description of ski touring by Polish tourists. The author is looking for answers to the following questions: Who goes on this form of tourism? How and why? How experienced are the tourists? Are they aware of the risks involved? Are they theoretically and practically prepared for the danger of avalanches? The author compares their social features and tourist-recreational behaviour to research conducted by the Central Statistical Office in 2012.
{"title":"SKI Touring in Poland: Who Takes Part in this Form of Specialised Tourism? How Do They Take Part and Why?","authors":"Iwona Jażdżewska","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents a description of ski touring by Polish tourists. The author is looking for answers to the following questions: Who goes on this form of tourism? How and why? How experienced are the tourists? Are they aware of the risks involved? Are they theoretically and practically prepared for the danger of avalanches? The author compares their social features and tourist-recreational behaviour to research conducted by the Central Statistical Office in 2012.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"61 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67393803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Globalization leaves its footprint on the leisure market contributing to the global popularization of brand new forms of recreation. A perfect example of such instant diffusion of innovation on a global scale is the rapid development of escape rooms. The aim of the article is to try and explain the extraordinary popularity of escape rooms in Poland, mainly through an analysis of what they offer. The author presents the origins and development of this particular form of recreation, discusses the location of nearly 600 facilities functioning in 2016, as well as giving a detailed description of escape rooms in the ten large Polish cities. The study leads to the conclusion that the phenomenon of escape rooms stems from, among other things, the fundamental assumptions of the experience economy.
{"title":"Escape Rooms: A New Offer in the Recreation Sector in Poland","authors":"Andrzej Stasiak","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Globalization leaves its footprint on the leisure market contributing to the global popularization of brand new forms of recreation. A perfect example of such instant diffusion of innovation on a global scale is the rapid development of escape rooms. The aim of the article is to try and explain the extraordinary popularity of escape rooms in Poland, mainly through an analysis of what they offer. The author presents the origins and development of this particular form of recreation, discusses the location of nearly 600 facilities functioning in 2016, as well as giving a detailed description of escape rooms in the ten large Polish cities. The study leads to the conclusion that the phenomenon of escape rooms stems from, among other things, the fundamental assumptions of the experience economy.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"31 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67393665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksander I. Ziryanov, Andriej Y. Korolev, Swietlana E. Mishlavtceva, A. Safarian
Abstract Located in the south of Ural, Perm Krai, apart from mineral resources and well-developed industry, can boast vast areas that lend themselves to active and qualified tourism, with the quality of an amateur sport. The development of these forms of tourism often requires large expenditure needed for adjusting the space to various types of activity. It also requires a correlation between a given character of the space and the preferred form of tourism, which often leads to environmental conflicts between the development of tourism and nature protection. The article presents the most important elements of the tourism potential in Perm Krai, as well as the sports tourism development perspectives in the context of real and potential environmental conflicts.
{"title":"Approaches to Active Tourism in the Urals and in Perm Krai","authors":"Aleksander I. Ziryanov, Andriej Y. Korolev, Swietlana E. Mishlavtceva, A. Safarian","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Located in the south of Ural, Perm Krai, apart from mineral resources and well-developed industry, can boast vast areas that lend themselves to active and qualified tourism, with the quality of an amateur sport. The development of these forms of tourism often requires large expenditure needed for adjusting the space to various types of activity. It also requires a correlation between a given character of the space and the preferred form of tourism, which often leads to environmental conflicts between the development of tourism and nature protection. The article presents the most important elements of the tourism potential in Perm Krai, as well as the sports tourism development perspectives in the context of real and potential environmental conflicts.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"79 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/tour-2016-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The specific objective of the paper is to discuss the mutual relations between tourism and sport and, in a wider context, to draw the reader’s attention to the potentially excessive range of research goals in tourism as a discipline. Within the scope of discussion, the author looks at tourism as a social activity and a conceptual and research subject. Research questions, the signposts of intellectual debate, come down to whether tourism shares any common areas with sport (in its widest sense). If so, is such activity still tourism activity? Or perhaps these types of ‘sport-tourist’ activities should be excluded from discussion on tourism as an academic discipline because of their non-tourist character? The author assumes that there is an exploratory and cognitive zone between these two areas of social activity, going beyond both tourism and sport. Tourist activity and sport activity in fact differ from each other.
{"title":"Relations between Tourism and Sport in the Context of Tourism as an Academic Discipline","authors":"J. Kotus","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The specific objective of the paper is to discuss the mutual relations between tourism and sport and, in a wider context, to draw the reader’s attention to the potentially excessive range of research goals in tourism as a discipline. Within the scope of discussion, the author looks at tourism as a social activity and a conceptual and research subject. Research questions, the signposts of intellectual debate, come down to whether tourism shares any common areas with sport (in its widest sense). If so, is such activity still tourism activity? Or perhaps these types of ‘sport-tourist’ activities should be excluded from discussion on tourism as an academic discipline because of their non-tourist character? The author assumes that there is an exploratory and cognitive zone between these two areas of social activity, going beyond both tourism and sport. Tourist activity and sport activity in fact differ from each other.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"19 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67393933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study explores the two most popular travel websites: TripAdvisor, based fully on the Travel 2.0 and UGC application; and Booking.com, which has developed as an online travel agency website but has also absorbed a modern UGC approach. Their content concerning accommodation in Wrocław was analysed and compared to the official tourist statistics provided by both the Central Statistical Office of Poland, and the Central Register of Hotels and Similar Establishments published by the Ministry of Sport and Tourism. The article aims at an evaluation of the reliability and completeness of the information provided over the internet: firstly from the point of view of a potential customer, secondly for its value for market research purposes. Although electronic word- of-mouth websites are designed both for consumers and suppliers, from a methodological perspective the article is based on a content analysis of tourism social media. The study also contributes to both academic research and the tourism industry by identifying some gaps in existing work and providing an agenda for the future.
{"title":"Travel Websites: A Relevant Source of Statistical Information?","authors":"M. Drozdowska, Magdalena Duda-Seifert","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explores the two most popular travel websites: TripAdvisor, based fully on the Travel 2.0 and UGC application; and Booking.com, which has developed as an online travel agency website but has also absorbed a modern UGC approach. Their content concerning accommodation in Wrocław was analysed and compared to the official tourist statistics provided by both the Central Statistical Office of Poland, and the Central Register of Hotels and Similar Establishments published by the Ministry of Sport and Tourism. The article aims at an evaluation of the reliability and completeness of the information provided over the internet: firstly from the point of view of a potential customer, secondly for its value for market research purposes. Although electronic word- of-mouth websites are designed both for consumers and suppliers, from a methodological perspective the article is based on a content analysis of tourism social media. The study also contributes to both academic research and the tourism industry by identifying some gaps in existing work and providing an agenda for the future.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"13 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/tour-2016-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper presents Łódź as a city where major sports events are held. Several sports facilities are featured which make it possible to organize various kinds of events, including international ones. In recent years, based on the existing infrastructure, several such events, for instance European or world championships, have been held in Łódź. The city is also perceived as a leading centre for volleyball competitions (league matches, Champions League, World League, European Championship, World Championship).
{"title":"Łódź as an Arena of Grand Sports Events: Selected Examples","authors":"B. Włodarczyk","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents Łódź as a city where major sports events are held. Several sports facilities are featured which make it possible to organize various kinds of events, including international ones. In recent years, based on the existing infrastructure, several such events, for instance European or world championships, have been held in Łódź. The city is also perceived as a leading centre for volleyball competitions (league matches, Champions League, World League, European Championship, World Championship).","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"49 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/tour-2016-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67393712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper presents basic information concerning bioclimatic conditions in Łódź based on the Tourism Climate Index (TCI). The index makes it possible to assess in a comprehensive manner, based on specified meteorological parameters, the climatic conditions affecting the development of tourism. The study uses measurements from the weather station, Łódź-Lublinek, taken in the years 1966-2014. The TCI values have a distinct annual pattern with the highest values recorded in summer. The summer season has the highest frequency of days with ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’ conditions for tourism. An assessment of the variability of bioclimatic conditions indicates an increase in the number of days with high TCI values pointing to ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’ conditions for tourism and recreation.
{"title":"An Evaluation of Changes in the Bioclimate of Łódź in the Light of the Tourism Climate Index","authors":"M. Siedlecki","doi":"10.1515/tour-2015-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2015-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents basic information concerning bioclimatic conditions in Łódź based on the Tourism Climate Index (TCI). The index makes it possible to assess in a comprehensive manner, based on specified meteorological parameters, the climatic conditions affecting the development of tourism. The study uses measurements from the weather station, Łódź-Lublinek, taken in the years 1966-2014. The TCI values have a distinct annual pattern with the highest values recorded in summer. The summer season has the highest frequency of days with ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’ conditions for tourism. An assessment of the variability of bioclimatic conditions indicates an increase in the number of days with high TCI values pointing to ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’ conditions for tourism and recreation.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"21 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/tour-2015-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is an attempt to describe the current development level of the hotel base in Łodź – the third largest city in Poland. The analysis deals with both historical and spatial aspects. The detailed analysis of the hotel distribution in Łodź is based on A. Kowalczyk’s (2001a) categorisation of hotel location types in urban areas. The Łodź hotel base is compared with other large cities in Poland.
{"title":"Hotels in Łódź City Space","authors":"W. Bogdan","doi":"10.1515/TOUR-2015-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/TOUR-2015-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The article is an attempt to describe the current development level of the hotel base in Łodź – the third largest city in Poland. The analysis deals with both historical and spatial aspects. The detailed analysis of the hotel distribution in Łodź is based on A. Kowalczyk’s (2001a) categorisation of hotel location types in urban areas. The Łodź hotel base is compared with other large cities in Poland.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/TOUR-2015-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67393581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents the characteristics of the fountains of Łódź, their location in the public spaces of the city and changes in various time periods. Special attention is drawn to the function of fountains in contemporary cities and their social perception. Moreover, in the last part, the presumed reasons for their present distribution and typological variety are given.
{"title":"The Fountains of Łódź: Their Relevance to the Lives of its Inhabitants","authors":"A. Bartnik, Aleksandra Suwart","doi":"10.1515/tour-2015-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2015-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents the characteristics of the fountains of Łódź, their location in the public spaces of the city and changes in various time periods. Special attention is drawn to the function of fountains in contemporary cities and their social perception. Moreover, in the last part, the presumed reasons for their present distribution and typological variety are given.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"25 1","pages":"47 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/tour-2015-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67393570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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