Abstract The objective of the article is to identify and explain the relationship between spa services distribution and spa specialization in Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Pomorskie and Podkarpackie Voivodeships spa communes. Correlation and regression analysis were used based on data from the Local Data Bank and unpublished data sets from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. In order to explain the relation between spa services distribution and spa specialization, time-series analysis was used. In five of nine researched communes (Horyniec-Zdrój, Solina, Ustka, Ciechocinek and Inowrocław) there is a functional relationship between spa services distribution and spa specialization.
{"title":"SPA SERVICES DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIALIZATION IN KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE, POMORSKIE AND PODKARPACKIE VOIVODESHIPS COMMUNES","authors":"Pawel Stelmach","doi":"10.1515/tour-2017-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2017-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of the article is to identify and explain the relationship between spa services distribution and spa specialization in Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Pomorskie and Podkarpackie Voivodeships spa communes. Correlation and regression analysis were used based on data from the Local Data Bank and unpublished data sets from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. In order to explain the relation between spa services distribution and spa specialization, time-series analysis was used. In five of nine researched communes (Horyniec-Zdrój, Solina, Ustka, Ciechocinek and Inowrocław) there is a functional relationship between spa services distribution and spa specialization.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"27 1","pages":"57 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41377309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Staying in social groups is inseparably connected with the process of socialization and upbringing. Educational environments play a significant role in shaping human attitudes, including those towards tourist activity. Family and school are part of those educational environments whose impact is of a special nature. The main objective is to present the social factors conditioning tourist activity and destinations among Chicago Polonia. Among these factors, the family situation, family patterns, a lack of family tradition, membership of an organization, an individual desire to discover new places and a lack of free time have been distinguished. The aim is to check whether affiliation to an organization influences a greater frequency of tourist trips of Chicago Polonia and whether it has an impact on the choice of tourist destination.
{"title":"Social Factors Conditioning the Tourist Activity and Destinations of Chicago Polonia","authors":"Kamila Ziółkowska-Weiss","doi":"10.1515/tour-2017-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2017-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Staying in social groups is inseparably connected with the process of socialization and upbringing. Educational environments play a significant role in shaping human attitudes, including those towards tourist activity. Family and school are part of those educational environments whose impact is of a special nature. The main objective is to present the social factors conditioning tourist activity and destinations among Chicago Polonia. Among these factors, the family situation, family patterns, a lack of family tradition, membership of an organization, an individual desire to discover new places and a lack of free time have been distinguished. The aim is to check whether affiliation to an organization influences a greater frequency of tourist trips of Chicago Polonia and whether it has an impact on the choice of tourist destination.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"27 1","pages":"113 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract With a quantitative study, this research has aimed to investigate the role of social media in Iranian hotels’ electronic marketing. A questionnaire technique was used on a sample of 140 marketers who work in the Parsian International Hotels’ marketing department. For data evaluation an SPSS program was used. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cochran, Regression, Non-standardized coefficients and Standard coefficient tests were carried out. Based on the findings, we can state that social media are still not an important marketing tool for Iranian hotels. Facebook and YouTube are the media which are most used for marketing purposes as videos and photos can be used on these sites more than others. The results show that the marketing abilities of Parsian Hotels improve with the increasing use of social media, but the hotel marketing sector has failed to fully utilize internet opportunity as a marketing tool.
{"title":"Social Media and Hotel E-Marketing in Iran: The Case of Parsian International Hotels","authors":"Banafsheh Nasihatkon, Jamal Kheiri, Oriol Miralbell","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With a quantitative study, this research has aimed to investigate the role of social media in Iranian hotels’ electronic marketing. A questionnaire technique was used on a sample of 140 marketers who work in the Parsian International Hotels’ marketing department. For data evaluation an SPSS program was used. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cochran, Regression, Non-standardized coefficients and Standard coefficient tests were carried out. Based on the findings, we can state that social media are still not an important marketing tool for Iranian hotels. Facebook and YouTube are the media which are most used for marketing purposes as videos and photos can be used on these sites more than others. The results show that the marketing abilities of Parsian Hotels improve with the increasing use of social media, but the hotel marketing sector has failed to fully utilize internet opportunity as a marketing tool.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"15 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/tour-2016-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the article photographs presenting the natural landscape of various areas of Poland: lowlands, highlands, lake districts, mountains, cliffs and dune coastlines, have been analyzed. Moreover, photographs presenting diverse natural landscapes in a single image were selected too. The purpose of this article is to answer to the following questions: Do tourists appreciate diverse natural landscapes more highly?; Is there any difference between men and women?; Do national tourists differ from foreign tourists? The study was conducted among a group of 174 students of Geography and Spatial Development as well as among foreign students who had come to Poland on the Erasmus program. The research took place between October 2015 and May 2016.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Visual Attractiveness of the Landscape in Selected Areas in Poland","authors":"K. Podhorodecka","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the article photographs presenting the natural landscape of various areas of Poland: lowlands, highlands, lake districts, mountains, cliffs and dune coastlines, have been analyzed. Moreover, photographs presenting diverse natural landscapes in a single image were selected too. The purpose of this article is to answer to the following questions: Do tourists appreciate diverse natural landscapes more highly?; Is there any difference between men and women?; Do national tourists differ from foreign tourists? The study was conducted among a group of 174 students of Geography and Spatial Development as well as among foreign students who had come to Poland on the Erasmus program. The research took place between October 2015 and May 2016.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"33 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/tour-2016-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this article is to identify the importance of benchmarking as a source of innovation in the activities of tourism enterprises through the case study of LOT S.A. Polish Airlines. To expand, the objective was to identify the departments within the company which used benchmarking as a stimulus to create a new or improve an existing offer. The subject was an airline belonging to Star Alliance and 27 employees from selected departments. The study used questionnaires and. with managers of selected departments only, open standardized interviews. Statistical inference methods, including a chi-square test, were applied to analyse the data. Although the introduction of benchmarking in the company’s structure allows for a quick escape route from a cycle of limitation in the company’s own culture and standard behaviour (and the acquisition of knowledge during the process gives rise to new and innovative ideas) the importance of this method in innovative activities did not result in any practical application. A lack of knowledge about benchmarking was noticeable, and an identification of this method with a simple competitive analysis resulted in failures in business activity as well as a lack of creativity in its application.
{"title":"The Importance of Benchmarking in the Innovative Activities of Tourism Enterprises: The Case Study of Lot S.A. Polish Airlines","authors":"Beata Gierczak-Korzeniowska","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this article is to identify the importance of benchmarking as a source of innovation in the activities of tourism enterprises through the case study of LOT S.A. Polish Airlines. To expand, the objective was to identify the departments within the company which used benchmarking as a stimulus to create a new or improve an existing offer. The subject was an airline belonging to Star Alliance and 27 employees from selected departments. The study used questionnaires and. with managers of selected departments only, open standardized interviews. Statistical inference methods, including a chi-square test, were applied to analyse the data. Although the introduction of benchmarking in the company’s structure allows for a quick escape route from a cycle of limitation in the company’s own culture and standard behaviour (and the acquisition of knowledge during the process gives rise to new and innovative ideas) the importance of this method in innovative activities did not result in any practical application. A lack of knowledge about benchmarking was noticeable, and an identification of this method with a simple competitive analysis resulted in failures in business activity as well as a lack of creativity in its application.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"39 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Based on an anonymous on-line questionnaire survey, conducted among 1000 respondents, the authors present their demographic, socio-economic and spatial profile, their attitude to cannabis and the tourist trips they went on (scale, directions, destinations), involving cannabis consumption. Tourist trips of this kind were attractive to quite a large number of young people, mostly inhabiting large Polish cities, who usually had used and continued to use this drug. Trips inspired by cannabis were most often made to the nearby Czech Republic and Netherlands, as well as (less frequently) to Spain.
{"title":"Cannabis Indica as a Motivation for Foreign Travel by Polish Citizens","authors":"A. Matczak, Przemysław Adam","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on an anonymous on-line questionnaire survey, conducted among 1000 respondents, the authors present their demographic, socio-economic and spatial profile, their attitude to cannabis and the tourist trips they went on (scale, directions, destinations), involving cannabis consumption. Tourist trips of this kind were attractive to quite a large number of young people, mostly inhabiting large Polish cities, who usually had used and continued to use this drug. Trips inspired by cannabis were most often made to the nearby Czech Republic and Netherlands, as well as (less frequently) to Spain.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"49 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the study is to analyze the contents of the articles published in the Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism with special attention paid to texts describing tourist accommodation in its broadest sense. The list of references was collected in a survey of Taylor & Francis Online1 which includes online editions of the journal.
摘要本研究的目的是分析发表在《斯堪的纳维亚酒店与旅游杂志》上的文章的内容，特别关注最广泛意义上描述旅游住宿的文本。参考文献列表是在Taylor & Francis Online1的一项调查中收集的，该调查包括该杂志的在线版本。
{"title":"The Issue of Tourist Accommodation in the Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism","authors":"Małgorzata Ambrozik","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study is to analyze the contents of the articles published in the Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism with special attention paid to texts describing tourist accommodation in its broadest sense. The list of references was collected in a survey of Taylor & Francis Online1 which includes online editions of the journal.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"65 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Stimulated by growing competition in the tourism market, the offer available needs to be continuously enhanced, and as a result those doing the development reach out for increasingly sophisticated measures. An important element in this context is the popular multi-sensory perception of landscape which guarantees that the tourism product created will be interesting and unique. This helps to provide more interesting experiences and achieve greater involvement, which undoubtedly allows greater satisfaction to be drawn from participation in tourism activities. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the multi-sensory approach to landscape may be applied in the creation process of the tourism product, and this proposition will be supported with examples corresponding to particular landscape stimuli. The author intends to show that contemporary tourism offers benefit from the phenomenon of the multi-sensory landscape more and more frequently.
{"title":"The Multi-Sensory Landscape as an Inspiration in the Creation of a Tourism Product","authors":"M. Rogowski","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stimulated by growing competition in the tourism market, the offer available needs to be continuously enhanced, and as a result those doing the development reach out for increasingly sophisticated measures. An important element in this context is the popular multi-sensory perception of landscape which guarantees that the tourism product created will be interesting and unique. This helps to provide more interesting experiences and achieve greater involvement, which undoubtedly allows greater satisfaction to be drawn from participation in tourism activities. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the multi-sensory approach to landscape may be applied in the creation process of the tourism product, and this proposition will be supported with examples corresponding to particular landscape stimuli. The author intends to show that contemporary tourism offers benefit from the phenomenon of the multi-sensory landscape more and more frequently.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"23 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/tour-2016-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Since the White Stork Synagogue in Wrocław has been restored, opened to visitors and become a part of the so-called District of the Four Faiths promoted by the city council, both the synagogue and its neighbourhood have become tourist attractions which support Wrocław’s image as a multicultural city. Therefore, the aim of the article is to identify the characteristics of tourists visiting the synagogue which could help understand the specific features of those attracted by urban Jewish heritage. As a result of research with the use of surveys, interviews and observation, the highly emotive cognitive approach of tourists has been determined as the dominant feature in this niche market. Moreover, its strongly international character and its specific age and education structure have been pinpointed. These features form the basis for the conclusion that the tourists attracted by urban Jewish heritage form a very specific niche market which can be targeted especially by large cities through the development of themed tourist products.
{"title":"The Characteristics of Cultural Tourists who Visit Urban Jewish Heritage Centres: The Case Study of Visitors to the White Stork Synagogue in Wrocław","authors":"Magdalena Duda-Seifert","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the White Stork Synagogue in Wrocław has been restored, opened to visitors and become a part of the so-called District of the Four Faiths promoted by the city council, both the synagogue and its neighbourhood have become tourist attractions which support Wrocław’s image as a multicultural city. Therefore, the aim of the article is to identify the characteristics of tourists visiting the synagogue which could help understand the specific features of those attracted by urban Jewish heritage. As a result of research with the use of surveys, interviews and observation, the highly emotive cognitive approach of tourists has been determined as the dominant feature in this niche market. Moreover, its strongly international character and its specific age and education structure have been pinpointed. These features form the basis for the conclusion that the tourists attracted by urban Jewish heritage form a very specific niche market which can be targeted especially by large cities through the development of themed tourist products.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"57 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/tour-2016-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Tatra National Park is the most frequently visited national park in Poland. During the peak season (summer), it attracts both ‘fully aware’ tourists, properly prepared for mountain hiking, and ‘casual’ hikers, motivated mainly by the shallow desire to ‘tick off’ the most popular places in the highest Polish mountains. The article describes the specific character of mountain hikers in Tatra National Park during the summer season, with particular attention paid to the motivations and skills involved in active tourism.
{"title":"Mountain Hiking in Tatra National Park","authors":"Justyna Mokras-Grabowska","doi":"10.1515/tour-2016-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tour-2016-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tatra National Park is the most frequently visited national park in Poland. During the peak season (summer), it attracts both ‘fully aware’ tourists, properly prepared for mountain hiking, and ‘casual’ hikers, motivated mainly by the shallow desire to ‘tick off’ the most popular places in the highest Polish mountains. The article describes the specific character of mountain hikers in Tatra National Park during the summer season, with particular attention paid to the motivations and skills involved in active tourism.","PeriodicalId":36035,"journal":{"name":"Tourism(Poland)","volume":"26 1","pages":"71 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/tour-2016-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67394469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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