Structural Heart最新文献

英文中文

Patient Selection for Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Intervention: Not Too Early, Not Too Late 经导管三尖瓣介入治疗的患者选择：不要太早，也不要太晚

IF 2.8 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Structural Heart

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100788

Jennifer von Stein MD , Philipp von Stein MD , Maria C. Alu MS , Andrea Scotti MD , Edwin C. Ho MD , Juan F. Granada MD , Azeem Latib MD

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common but frequently underrecognized condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Long regarded as a mere bystander of left-sided heart disease, TR was often left untreated, contributing to late referrals and poor surgical outcomes. The emergence of transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions has broadened therapeutic options, particularly for high-risk or inoperable patients. However, procedural success and clinical benefit critically depend on appropriate patient selection and timely intervention. This review outlines the evolving landscape of TR management, emphasizing the importance of anatomical and clinical stage-adapted device selection. Key determinants of feasibility and prognosis include right ventricular function and dimensions, TR severity, tricuspid valve leaflet and annular remodeling, and hemodynamic congestion. Advanced imaging modalities and invasive hemodynamics provide incremental value for risk stratification. While tricuspid valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) and orthotopic valve replacement are the most widely adopted techniques, direct annuloplasty, heterotopic valve replacement, and coaptation enhancement devices may be more appropriate in anatomically advanced stages. Despite symptomatic improvement and reduced heart failure hospitalizations across different treatment modalities, a survival benefit has yet to be demonstrated. Delayed referral remains a challenge, often precluding repair or even replacement strategies. Dedicated risk models may improve prognostication and guide procedural decision-making. Ultimately, a multidisciplinary approach incorporating multiparametric assessment is essential to identify optimal candidates, guide timing, and personalize therapy. Ongoing trials and long-term outcome data are needed to refine treatment algorithms and clarify the role of early intervention in altering the natural course of severe TR.

三尖瓣反流（TR）是一种常见但常被忽视的疾病，与大量发病率和死亡率相关。长期以来，TR被视为左侧心脏病的旁观者，经常不治疗，导致转诊晚，手术效果差。经导管三尖瓣介入治疗的出现拓宽了治疗选择，特别是对高危或不能手术的患者。然而，手术的成功和临床效益关键取决于适当的患者选择和及时的干预。这篇综述概述了TR管理的发展前景，强调了解剖和临床阶段相适应的设备选择的重要性。可行性和预后的关键决定因素包括右心室功能和尺寸、TR严重程度、三尖瓣小叶和环重构以及血流动力学充血。先进的成像方式和侵入性血流动力学为风险分层提供了增加的价值。虽然三尖瓣经导管边缘到边缘修复（T-TEER）和原位瓣膜置换术是最广泛采用的技术，但直接环成形术、异位瓣膜置换术和配合增强装置可能更适合解剖晚期。尽管不同的治疗方式可以改善症状并减少心力衰竭住院治疗，但生存效益尚未得到证实。延迟转诊仍然是一个挑战，经常妨碍修复甚至更换策略。专门的风险模型可以改善预测和指导程序性决策。最终，结合多参数评估的多学科方法对于确定最佳候选人、指导时机和个性化治疗至关重要。需要正在进行的试验和长期结果数据来完善治疗算法，并阐明早期干预在改变严重TR自然病程中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of ICD-10-CM Z-Coded Social Determinants of Health on Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement–Related Outcomes ICD-10-CM z编码健康社会决定因素对经导管主动脉瓣置换术相关结果的影响

IF 2.8 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Structural Heart

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100789

Ramzi Ibrahim MD , Matthew Romero BS , Hoang Nhat Pham MD , Ahmed K. Mahmoud MD , Kristen A. Sell-Dottin MD , John P. Sweeney MD , F. David Fortuin MD , Eugene Yang MD, MS , Kwan Lee MD , Said Alsidawi MD , Sadeer Al-Kindi MD , Chadi Ayoub MBBS, PhD , Reza Arsanjani MD

引用次数: 0

Ischemic vs. Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in TAVR for Moderate Aortic Stenosis: A TAVR UNLOAD Sub Analysis 中度主动脉瓣狭窄TAVR患者缺血性与非缺血性心肌病：TAVR UNLOAD亚组分析

IF 2.8 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Structural Heart

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100787

Philipp von Stein MD , Henning Guthoff MD , Björn Redfors MD, PhD , Julia B. Thompson MS , Ernest Spitzer MD , Philippe Pibarot DVM, PhD , Jeroen J. Bax MD, PhD , Jan G.P. Tijssen PhD , Michael L. Chuang MD , Yukari Kobayashi MD , Arsalan Abu-Much MD , Nicole Cristell MD , Alexandra Popma MD , David J. Cohen MD, MSc , Sammy Elmariah MD, MPH , Martin B. Leon MD , Nicolas M. Van Mieghem MD, PhD , the TAVR UNLOAD trial study investigators

引用次数: 0

Radiation Realities: Radiation Safety Practices and Awareness Among Interventional Echocardiographers in the United States 辐射现实：介入超声心动图医师在美国的辐射安全实践和意识

IF 2.8 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Structural Heart

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100785

Priscilla Wessly MD , Enrique Garcia-Sayan MD , Nishath Quader MD , Stephen Little MD , Omar Khalique MD , Renuka Jain MD

Background

With the rise of structural heart interventions (SHIs), interventional echocardiographers (IEs) face significant radiation exposure in catheterization laboratories. However, US-specific radiation safety practices remain understudied. This study aims to address radiation safety practices and concerns among US IEs, focusing on occupational risks and sex-specific challenges.

Methods

A 21-item online survey was conducted from March to June 2025, targeting US IEs through a multifaceted recruitment strategy. It assessed demographics, SHI frequency, radiation monitoring, shielding practices, and reproductive health concerns. Descriptive statistics summarized responses, with sex-specific analyses for female IEs.

Results

Of 69 respondents (64% [n = 44] men, 36% [n = 25] women), 88% (n = 61) worked in tertiary care settings and 46% (n = 32) guided SHIs several times weekly. Key gaps were identified, including 18% (n = 17) not using dosimeters, 64% (n = 44) never receiving exposure notifications, and 80% (n = 55) lacking awareness of their personal annual radiation dose. In addition, 30% (n = 21) had no radiation safety training, and 75% (n = 52) reported insufficient radiation protection in their catheterization laboratory. Reproductive health concerns affected 71% (n = 49) of IEs. Among female IEs, 56% (n = 14) reported an influence on pregnancy planning, 32% (n = 8) noted career concerns owing to maternity, and 63% of those who had had a pregnancy (n = 12/19) performed SHIs during pregnancy, with 7% taking no additional precautions.

Conclusions

US IEs face critical radiation safety gaps, including inadequate monitoring, training, and shielding, with pronounced reproductive and career concerns among female IEs. Tailored protocols, enhanced shielding, and pregnancy-specific precautions are urgently needed to ensure the safety and well-being of IEs.

随着结构性心脏介入（SHIs）的兴起，介入超声心动图医师（IEs）在导管实验室面临着显著的辐射暴露。然而，美国特有的辐射安全措施仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在解决美国工业工程师的辐射安全实践和担忧，重点关注职业风险和性别特异性挑战。方法于2025年3月至6月进行了一项21项的在线调查，通过多方面的招聘策略针对美国的工程师。它评估了人口统计、辐射辐射频率、辐射监测、屏蔽做法和生殖健康问题。描述性统计总结了调查结果，并对女性IEs进行了性别分析。结果69名受访者中（64% [n = 44]男性，36% [n = 25]女性），88% （n = 61）在三级保健机构工作，46% （n = 32）每周指导SHIs几次。已确定的主要差距包括18% （n = 17）未使用剂量计，64% （n = 44）从未收到照射通知，80% （n = 55）缺乏对个人年辐射剂量的认识。此外，30% （n = 21）的患者没有接受过辐射安全培训，75% （n = 52）的患者报告其导管室的辐射防护不足。生殖健康问题影响了71%的产妇（n = 49）。在女性IEs中，56% （n = 14）报告了对怀孕计划的影响，32% （n = 8）指出了因生育而引起的职业担忧，63%怀孕过的人（n = 12/19）在怀孕期间进行了SHIs， 7%没有采取额外的预防措施。结论美国放射学专业人员面临严重的辐射安全缺口，包括监测、培训和防护不足，女性放射学专业人员存在明显的生殖和职业担忧。为确保新生儿的安全和健康，迫切需要量身定制的方案、增强的防护和针对妊娠的预防措施。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of Anticoagulant Class on Long-Term Bioprosthesis Durability Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement 经导管主动脉瓣置换术后抗凝类对生物假体长期耐久性的影响

IF 2.8 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Structural Heart

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100786

Antonin Trimaille MD, PhD, Pablo Vidal-Cales MD, Carlos Giuliani MD, Juan Hernando Del Portillo MD, Jean-Michel Paradis MD, Siamak Mohammadi MD, Anthony Poulin MD, Frederic Beaupré MD, Eric Dumont MD, Jean Porterie MD, Erwan Salaun MD, Marisa Avvedimento MD, Josep Rodés-Cabau MD, PhD

Background

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have distinct biological properties that may differentially influence bioprosthetic valve durability following transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of oral anticoagulation (OAC) class on bioprosthetic valve durability.

Methods

We analyzed the data of a prospective registry including 688 consecutive patients under OAC undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement between May 2007 and January 2024 who were alive at 1 year. The effect of OAC class was assessed using a propensity score-matched population (132 patients with VKA vs. 132 patients with DOAC). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of stage 2 or 3 hemodynamic valve deterioration according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-3 criteria.

Results

In the propensity score-matched population, treatment with DOACs was not associated with a different risk of stage 2 or 3 hemodynamic valve deterioration compared to VKAs (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 0.89; 95% CI 0.35-2.29; p = 0.808) after a median follow-up of 4 years (interquartile range: 3-5). No significant differences were observed for the risk of bioprosthetic valve failure (sHR 1.62; 95% CI 0.53-4.96; p = 0.401) or aortic valve reintervention (sHR 0.97; 95% CI 0.14-6.82; p = 0.981). Long-term echocardiographic follow-up showed similar evolution of hemodynamic parameters over time.

Conclusions

No significant differences were observed between VKAs and DOACs on valve durability outcomes. Further studies with longer follow-up, larger population, and randomized designs are warranted to confirm these findings.

维生素K拮抗剂（VKAs）和直接口服抗凝剂（DOACs）具有不同的生物学特性，可能对经导管主动脉瓣置换术后生物假体瓣膜的耐久性产生不同的影响。本研究旨在探讨口服抗凝剂（OAC）对生物假体瓣膜耐久性的影响。方法：我们分析了一项前瞻性登记的数据，包括2007年5月至2024年1月期间连续688例经导管主动脉瓣置换术的OAC患者，这些患者存活1年。使用倾向评分匹配人群（132例VKA患者与132例DOAC患者）评估OAC类别的影响。主要终点是根据瓣膜学术研究协会-3标准发生的2期或3期血流动力学瓣膜恶化。结果在倾向评分匹配的人群中，与vka相比，doac治疗与2期或3期血流动力学瓣膜恶化的风险无关（亚分布风险比[sHR] 0.89; 95% CI 0.35-2.29; p = 0.808），中位随访4年（四分位数范围：3-5）。生物瓣膜失效的风险（sHR 1.62; 95% CI 0.53-4.96; p = 0.401）或主动脉瓣再介入（sHR 0.97; 95% CI 0.14-6.82; p = 0.981）无显著差异。长期超声心动图随访显示血流动力学参数随时间的变化相似。结论vka与doac在瓣膜耐久性方面无显著差异。进一步的随访时间更长、人群更大、随机设计的研究可以证实这些发现。

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引用次数: 0

Acceleration–Ejection Time Ratio in Patients With Severe Classic Low-Flow Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis 典型重度低流量低梯度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的加速射血时间比

IF 2.8 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Structural Heart

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100781

Habib Layoun MD MSc, Tamari Lomaia MD, Besir Besir MD, Joseph Hajj MD, Judah Rajendran MD, Osamah Badwan MD, Grant W. Reed MD, Amar Krishnaswamy MD, Serge Harb MD, Samir Kapadia MD

引用次数: 0

Contemporary Life Expectancy Following Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement—Data From a National Registry Perspective 经股动脉导管主动脉瓣置换术后的当代预期寿命——来自国家登记的数据

IF 2.8 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Structural Heart

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100780

Lior Zornitzki MD , Ophir Freund MD , Inbal Greenberg MD PhD , Shir Frydman MD , Maayan Konigstein MD , Arie Steinvil MD , Israel Barbash MD , Ran Kornowski MD , Gabby G. Elbaz MD , Danny Dvir MD , Ariel Finkelstein MD , Yan Topilsky MD , Amir Halkin MD , Shmuel Banai MD , Jeremy Ben-Shoshan MD, PhD

Background

The estimated lifespan following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the key in the decision-making process of lifelong management of patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). We aimed to assess the contemporary lifespan and associated factors in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent TAVR at the 4 largest centers in Israel between July 2008 and March 2023. Mortality predictors were assessed using multivariable Cox regression analysis.

Results

The cohort included 6191 patients (51% females; mean age 82.7 ± 5.4 years; median follow-up 5.9 years). The overall estimated 5- and 10-year survival was 70 and 42%, respectively. To assess temporal trends, patients were stratified to early (2008–2015; n = 2058) and late (2016–2023; n = 4133) eras. Patients in the early TAVR era had significantly lower survival probability, compared to the late era (hazard ratio 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.8-2.2), p < 0.001], with an 8-year survival of 39 and 71%, respectively. Using an age threshold of ≥80 years, defined using spline analysis the 8-year survival in the early vs. late eras was 37 vs. 47% among older patients and 66 vs. 82% among younger patients.

Conclusions

Lifespan following successful TAVR has markedly improved over the past decade across age groups. Notably, patients younger than 80 years, at the time of TAVR exhibit an estimated survival exceeding 10 years. These findings should be integrated into Heart Team decision-making for optimal lifelong management of AS.

背景：经导管主动脉瓣置换术（TAVR）后的预估寿命是严重症状性主动脉瓣狭窄（AS）患者终身治疗决策的关键。我们的目的是评估严重AS患者接受TAVR的当代寿命和相关因素。方法：我们对2008年7月至2023年3月在以色列4个最大的中心接受TAVR的患者进行了回顾性队列研究。使用多变量Cox回归分析评估死亡率预测因子。结果纳入6191例患者，其中女性占51%，平均年龄82.7±5.4岁，中位随访5.9年。总体估计5年和10年生存率分别为70%和42%。为了评估时间趋势，将患者分层至早期（2008-2015年，n = 2058）和晚期（2016-2023年，n = 4133）。TAVR早期患者的生存率明显低于晚期患者（风险比2.0(95%可信区间1.8-2.2),p < 0.001）， 8年生存率分别为39%和71%。使用样条分析定义的年龄阈值≥80岁，老年患者早期和晚期的8年生存率分别为37 vs 47%，年轻患者为66 vs 82%。结论：在过去十年中，各年龄组TAVR成功后的寿命明显提高。值得注意的是，在TAVR时，年龄小于80岁的患者估计生存期超过10年。这些发现应纳入心脏团队决策，以实现最佳的AS终身管理。

{"title":"Contemporary Life Expectancy Following Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement—Data From a National Registry Perspective","authors":"Lior Zornitzki MD , Ophir Freund MD , Inbal Greenberg MD PhD , Shir Frydman MD , Maayan Konigstein MD , Arie Steinvil MD , Israel Barbash MD , Ran Kornowski MD , Gabby G. Elbaz MD , Danny Dvir MD , Ariel Finkelstein MD , Yan Topilsky MD , Amir Halkin MD , Shmuel Banai MD , Jeremy Ben-Shoshan MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.shj.2025.100780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The estimated lifespan following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the key in the decision-making process of lifelong management of patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS). We aimed to assess the contemporary lifespan and associated factors in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent TAVR at the 4 largest centers in Israel between July 2008 and March 2023. Mortality predictors were assessed using multivariable Cox regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort included 6191 patients (51% females; mean age 82.7 ± 5.4 years; median follow-up 5.9 years). The overall estimated 5- and 10-year survival was 70 and 42%, respectively. To assess temporal trends, patients were stratified to early (2008–2015; n = 2058) and late (2016–2023; n = 4133) eras. Patients in the early TAVR era had significantly lower survival probability, compared to the late era (hazard ratio 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.8-2.2), <em>p</em> < 0.001], with an 8-year survival of 39 and 71%, respectively. Using an age threshold of ≥80 years, defined using spline analysis the 8-year survival in the early vs. late eras was 37 vs. 47% among older patients and 66 vs. 82% among younger patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Lifespan following successful TAVR has markedly improved over the past decade across age groups. Notably, patients younger than 80 years, at the time of TAVR exhibit an estimated survival exceeding 10 years. These findings should be integrated into Heart Team decision-making for optimal lifelong management of AS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36053,"journal":{"name":"Structural Heart","volume":"10 2","pages":"Article 100780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heterotopic Implantation of an Embolized Valve During Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement 经导管二尖瓣置换术中栓塞瓣膜异位植入

IF 2.8 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Structural Heart

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100779

Vyanne Hei-Tung Chan MBBS , Leo Kar Lok Lai MBChB , Kevin Ka-ho Kam MBChB , Kent Chak-yu So MBChB

引用次数: 0

Outcomes of Mitral Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair in Patients With Small Mitral Valve Area 二尖瓣面积小的患者经导管边缘对边缘修复的疗效

IF 2.8 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Structural Heart

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2025.100772

Chloe Kharsa MD, MSc , Yasser M. Sammour MD , Rasha Bazari MD , Alba Muñoz Estrella MD , Gal Sella MD , Sahar Samimi MD , Samarthkumar Thakkar MD , Mangesh Kritya MD , Taha Hatab MD , Rody G. Bou Chaaya MD , Syed Zaid MD , Joe Aoun MD , Sherif F. Nagueh MD , William A. Zoghbi MD , Marvin D. Atkins MD , Michael Reardon MD , Nadeen N. Faza MD , Stephen H. Little MD , Gerald Lawrie MD , Neal S. Kleiman MD , Sachin S. Goel MD

Background

A small baseline mitral valve area (MVA) raises concern for iatrogenic mitral stenosis due to increased transmitral pressure gradients (TMPG) after mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER). Outcomes in patients with MVA <4.0 cm² remain limited, as this population has been largely excluded from clinical trials.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 305 consecutive patients who underwent M-TEER (2014-2022). Patients were stratified by baseline MVA (<4.0 cm² vs. ≥4.0 cm²). The primary endpoint was 2-year all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included heart failure hospitalization (HFH), mitral regurgitation (MR) reduction, New York Heart Association functional class improvement, and postprocedural TMPG.

Results

Of 305 patients, 66 (21.6%) had MVA <4.0 cm². Women were more prevalent in the small MVA group (57.6% vs. 42.7%; p = 0.03). Patients with smaller MVA received fewer clips (1.3 ± 0.07 vs. 1.5 ± 0.04; p = 0.03). Procedural success and in-hospital outcomes were comparable. At discharge, residual MR (<moderate) and New York Heart Association class were similar, although TMPG was higher in the small group (3.9 ± 0.2 vs. 3.3 ± 0.1 mmHg; p = 0.006). At 30 days and 1 year, mortality, HFH, and residual MR rates remained similar. Two-year Kaplan–Meier analyses showed no differences in survival, HFH, or composite outcomes. In multivariable analysis, age, creatinine, and hemoglobin predicted mortality, while age, LVEF, and hemoglobin predicted the composite outcome. Indexed MVA did not predict mortality or elevated TMPG.

Conclusions

M-TEER can be safely and effectively performed in patients with baseline MVA <4.0 cm² without adverse clinical outcomes through 2 years.

背景：二尖瓣边缘修复（M-TEER）后，二尖瓣基线面积小（MVA）引起医源性二尖瓣狭窄的关注，因为二尖瓣边缘修复（M-TEER）后，二尖瓣压力梯度（TMPG）增加。MVA <；4.0 cm²患者的预后仍然有限，因为该人群在很大程度上被排除在临床试验之外。方法回顾性分析305例连续接受M-TEER治疗的患者（2014-2022年）。患者按基线MVA （<4.0 cm2 vs.≥4.0 cm2）分层。主要终点是2年全因死亡率。次要终点包括心力衰竭住院（HFH）、二尖瓣返流（MR）降低、纽约心脏协会功能分级改善和术后TMPG。结果305例患者中，MVA = 4.0 cm²66例（21.6%）。女性在小MVA组中更为普遍（57.6%比42.7%;p = 0.03）。MVA较小的患者使用的夹子较少（1.3±0.07比1.5±0.04;p = 0.03）。手术成功率和住院结果具有可比性。出院时，残余MR （<；中度）和纽约心脏协会分级相似，尽管TMPG在小组较高（3.9±0.2 vs 3.3±0.1 mmHg; p = 0.006）。在30天和1年时，死亡率、HFH和残留MR率保持相似。两年的Kaplan-Meier分析显示，生存率、HFH或综合结果没有差异。在多变量分析中，年龄、肌酐和血红蛋白预测死亡率，而年龄、LVEF和血红蛋白预测综合结果。索引MVA不能预测死亡率或TMPG升高。结论sm - teer对基线MVA和lt为4.0 cm2的患者可安全有效地进行2年，无不良临床结果。

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引用次数: 0

Aims & Scope 目标及范围

IF 2.8 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Structural Heart

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2474-8706(25)00368-9

引用次数: 0

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