In this work, we explore a modified theory of gravity by transitioning from standard General Relativity(GR) to an f(R) gravity framework wherein the Ricci scalar is replaced by a general function . By adopting a specific Hubble parameterization , where is the present value of Hubble parameter and be the free model parameter. We investigate the dynamical evolution of the universe under this modified gravity scenario with quadratic equation of state(EoS), . The Raychaudhuri Equation is employed to analyze the focus of geodesics and provide insights into the expansion behavior of the model universe, allowing us to track deviations from the standard cosmological model. To assess the viability of our f(R) gravity model, we analyze 46 Hubble parameter observations using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) technique to constrain cosmological parameters. We further use the 1048 Pantheon dataset of Type Ia supernovae to enhance the statistical robustness and tighten constraints. The combined observational analysis supports the model as a viable alternative to the standard CDM framework, particularly in explaining late-time cosmic acceleration. Notably the model exhibits deviations at higher redshifts that suggest new insights into cosmic evolution. The study also develops a neural network-based machine learning model to predict the Hubble parameter H(z) across various redshifts, facilitating data-driven insights into cosmic expansion.
{"title":"Constraining f(R) gravity model through Hubble Parametrization","authors":"Kshetrimayum Govind Singh , Kangujam Priyokumar Singh , Asem Jotin Meitei","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we explore a modified theory of gravity by transitioning from standard General Relativity(GR) to an f(R) gravity framework wherein the Ricci scalar <span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span> is replaced by a general function <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>α</mi><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. By adopting a specific Hubble parameterization <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><msqrt><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msqrt></mrow></mfrac><msup><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>ζ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></msup></mrow></mfenced></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is the present value of Hubble parameter and <span><math><mi>ζ</mi></math></span> be the free model parameter. We investigate the dynamical evolution of the universe under this modified gravity scenario with quadratic equation of state(EoS), <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>μ</mi><msup><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mi>ρ</mi></mrow></math></span>. The Raychaudhuri Equation is employed to analyze the focus of geodesics and provide insights into the expansion behavior of the model universe, allowing us to track deviations from the standard cosmological model. To assess the viability of our f(R) gravity model, we analyze 46 Hubble parameter observations using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) technique to constrain cosmological parameters. We further use the 1048 Pantheon dataset of Type Ia supernovae to enhance the statistical robustness and tighten constraints. The combined observational analysis supports the model as a viable alternative to the standard <span><math><mi>Λ</mi></math></span>CDM framework, particularly in explaining late-time cosmic acceleration. Notably the model exhibits deviations at higher redshifts that suggest new insights into cosmic evolution. The study also develops a neural network-based machine learning model to predict the Hubble parameter H(z) across various redshifts, facilitating data-driven insights into cosmic expansion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100301
Ibrahim Omer A. Ali , B.O. Mnisi , E.M. Benecha , M.M. Tibane
Based on the density functional theory (DFT) with the GGA functional, we investigated the structural, electronic, mechanical, phonon, and thermal properties of TiSnPt, ZrSnPt, and HfSnPt half-Heusler alloys using VASP and CASTEP codes. The negative heat of formation and cohesive energy values confirm the thermodynamic stability of all three alloys, suggesting their plausible experimental synthesis. Band structure calculations using GGA, GGA+SOC, and HSE06 show semiconducting behavior with indirect band gaps; SOC reduces the band gap, while HSE06 increases it. Mechanical and phonon dispersion results confirm the alloys’ mechanical and dynamical stability. The bulk-to-shear ratios and high melting points (1000 K) indicate good ductility. Room-temperature lattice thermal conductivities k are 15.3, 16.7, and 16.4 W/m K for TiSnPt, ZrSnPt, and HfSnPt, respectively, with nearly isotropic phonon transport. The k decreases with temperature due to enhanced Umklapp scattering, reaching 4.5–5.0 W/m K at 1000 K. These results highlight the alloys’ potential for high-temperature structural and thermoelectric applications.
{"title":"Phase stability and physical properties of XSnPt(X = Ti, Zr, Hf): A density functional theory study","authors":"Ibrahim Omer A. Ali , B.O. Mnisi , E.M. Benecha , M.M. Tibane","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the density functional theory (DFT) with the GGA functional, we investigated the structural, electronic, mechanical, phonon, and thermal properties of TiSnPt, ZrSnPt, and HfSnPt half-Heusler alloys using VASP and CASTEP codes. The negative heat of formation and cohesive energy values confirm the thermodynamic stability of all three alloys, suggesting their plausible experimental synthesis. Band structure calculations using GGA, GGA+SOC, and HSE06 show semiconducting behavior with indirect band gaps; SOC reduces the band gap, while HSE06 increases it. Mechanical and phonon dispersion results confirm the alloys’ mechanical and dynamical stability. The bulk-to-shear ratios and high melting points (<span><math><mo>></mo></math></span>1000 K) indicate good ductility. Room-temperature lattice thermal conductivities k<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> are 15.3, 16.7, and 16.4 W/m K for TiSnPt, ZrSnPt, and HfSnPt, respectively, with nearly isotropic phonon transport. The k<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> decreases with temperature due to enhanced Umklapp scattering, reaching <span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span>4.5–5.0 W/m K at 1000 K. These results highlight the alloys’ potential for high-temperature structural and thermoelectric applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100310
Md. Bokhtiar Hossen , Hyung Sub Sim , Chang-Min Yoon , Joo Hyun Moon , Sungwook Leo Hong
This study systematically explores the impact of environmental factors on the mechanical properties of an Al-Pt binary alloy using molecular dynamics simulations. By varying Pt content and examining key conditions such as temperature, strain rate, and vacancy defects, we delve into their combined effects on the alloy's fracture behavior and overall mechanical performance. Our simulations demonstrate that increasing strain rates enhance fracture strength, while higher temperatures and vacancy concentrations notably reduce it. In contrast, the elastic modulus remained relatively insensitive to these environmental changes. Furthermore, our study highlights the crucial role of point vacancies in accelerating fracture initiation, providing new insights into the failure mechanisms of Al-Pt alloys. These findings have significant implications for the design and optimization of high-performance alloy materials, particularly for applications requiring resilience under extreme operational conditions. The detailed analysis of fracture strength across various environmental scenarios offers a pathway to developing alloys with improved durability and mechanical integrity.
{"title":"Exploring mechanical performance in Al-Pt binary alloys through molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Md. Bokhtiar Hossen , Hyung Sub Sim , Chang-Min Yoon , Joo Hyun Moon , Sungwook Leo Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically explores the impact of environmental factors on the mechanical properties of an Al-Pt binary alloy using molecular dynamics simulations. By varying Pt content and examining key conditions such as temperature, strain rate, and vacancy defects, we delve into their combined effects on the alloy's fracture behavior and overall mechanical performance. Our simulations demonstrate that increasing strain rates enhance fracture strength, while higher temperatures and vacancy concentrations notably reduce it. In contrast, the elastic modulus remained relatively insensitive to these environmental changes. Furthermore, our study highlights the crucial role of point vacancies in accelerating fracture initiation, providing new insights into the failure mechanisms of Al-Pt alloys. These findings have significant implications for the design and optimization of high-performance alloy materials, particularly for applications requiring resilience under extreme operational conditions. The detailed analysis of fracture strength across various environmental scenarios offers a pathway to developing alloys with improved durability and mechanical integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tb3+ ion-doped Mg-Ni nanocrystalline ferrites with the chemical formula Mg0.2Ni0.8TbxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.00 to 0.25) were synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The structural properties of all samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and UV–visible spectroscopy. XRD studies confirmed the existence of a secondary phase in samples with x = 0.15 to higher concentrations. The lattice constant decreased, and the X-ray density increased with increasing Tb3+ ions. The two prominent absorption bands observed in the FTIR spectra confirmed the spinel structure. The direct band gap obtained from the UV–vis investigation was in the range of 1.85–1.67 eV, confirming semiconducting behavior. The grain size calculated using FESEM increased with increasing Tb3+ concentration. DC electrical conductivity measurements also indicated the semiconducting characteristics of the samples. Magnetic measurements were performed using VSM. The addition of Tb3+ ions resulted in a decrease in the saturation magnetization from 29.32 (x = 0.00) to 8.61 (x = 0.25) emu/g. In addition, the anisotropy constant and anisotropy field decreased with increasing Tb3+ ion content because of secondary phase formation. Tunable magnetic softening, semiconducting nature, and anisotropy control are essential for tailoring materials for spintronic applications.
{"title":"Investigation of structural, electrical, and magnetic anisotropy studies of the rare earth (Tb3+) ion substituted Mg-Ni nanocrystalline ferrites for spintronic applications","authors":"Jettiboyina Anjaneyulu , K.V. Ramesh , D. Venkatesh , Bimaleswar Sahu","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tb<sup>3+</sup> ion-doped Mg-Ni nanocrystalline ferrites with the chemical formula Mg<sub>0.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Tb<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.00 to 0.25) were synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The structural properties of all samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and UV–visible spectroscopy. XRD studies confirmed the existence of a secondary phase in samples with x = 0.15 to higher concentrations. The lattice constant decreased, and the X-ray density increased with increasing Tb<sup>3+</sup> ions. The two prominent absorption bands observed in the FTIR spectra confirmed the spinel structure. The direct band gap obtained from the UV–vis investigation was in the range of 1.85–1.67 eV, confirming semiconducting behavior. The grain size calculated using FESEM increased with increasing Tb<sup>3+</sup> concentration. DC electrical conductivity measurements also indicated the semiconducting characteristics of the samples. Magnetic measurements were performed using VSM. The addition of Tb<sup>3+</sup> ions resulted in a decrease in the saturation magnetization from 29.32 (x = 0.00) to 8.61 (x = 0.25) emu/g. In addition, the anisotropy constant and anisotropy field decreased with increasing Tb<sup>3+</sup> ion content because of secondary phase formation. Tunable magnetic softening, semiconducting nature, and anisotropy control are essential for tailoring materials for spintronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100309
S.F. Abdul Sani , A.A.Z. Ahmad Nazeri , Muhammad Fahmi Mohd Zainal , K.S. Almugren , Siti Norbaini Sabtu , D.A. Bradley
This study comprehensively explores the dual radiation response and promising dosimetric potential of commercially available borosilicate microscope glass slides. We evaluate their thermoluminescence (TL) response to neutron irradiation and investigate their structural modifications under gamma exposure. TL properties, including glow curve characteristics, dose response, and sensitivity, were assessed for neutron-irradiated glass slides from two different brands. Concurrently, structural and defect evolution in gamma-irradiated slides was analyzed using Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. The TL analysis of neutron-irradiated slides revealed a distinct glow peak (primarily 230–250 °C), a measurable dose-dependent response, and increasing TL intensity with neutron dose up to 6 Gy, demonstrating a quantifiable response suitable for further exploration in neutron dosimetry. However, variations in sensitivity and non-linearity were observed at higher doses, indicating the complex nature of trap interactions in this amorphous material. Optical spectroscopy provided complementary insights into gamma-induced effects: FTIR confirmed bond rearrangements and changes in Qn species, Raman spectroscopy detected vibrational shifts linked to network distortions, PL revealed defect-induced emissions (e.g., at 454, 595, 900, and 1078 nm), and XRD confirmed the retention of an amorphous structure with no detectable long-range structural modifications, though minor intensity variations were observed. These findings establish borosilicate glass slides as a cost-effective, reusable, and widely accessible material with promising potential for passive radiation monitoring. While this manuscript focuses on neutron TL and gamma-induced optical changes, the broader dosimetric capabilities of this material, including its TL response to photon irradiation, have been detailed in our earlier work. This dual characterization approach enhances the fundamental understanding of radiation-induced modifications in glass, suggesting potential applications in medical dosimetry, industrial radiation monitoring, and space radiation shielding, with further optimization required for enhanced performance and linearity.
{"title":"Dual radiation characterisation of borosilicate glass slides: Thermoluminescence response to neutrons and optical properties under gamma irradiation","authors":"S.F. Abdul Sani , A.A.Z. Ahmad Nazeri , Muhammad Fahmi Mohd Zainal , K.S. Almugren , Siti Norbaini Sabtu , D.A. Bradley","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study comprehensively explores the dual radiation response and promising dosimetric potential of commercially available borosilicate microscope glass slides. We evaluate their thermoluminescence (TL) response to neutron irradiation and investigate their structural modifications under gamma exposure. TL properties, including glow curve characteristics, dose response, and sensitivity, were assessed for neutron-irradiated glass slides from two different brands. Concurrently, structural and defect evolution in gamma-irradiated slides was analyzed using Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. The TL analysis of neutron-irradiated slides revealed a distinct glow peak (primarily 230–250 °C), a measurable dose-dependent response, and increasing TL intensity with neutron dose up to 6 Gy, demonstrating a quantifiable response suitable for further exploration in neutron dosimetry. However, variations in sensitivity and non-linearity were observed at higher doses, indicating the complex nature of trap interactions in this amorphous material. Optical spectroscopy provided complementary insights into gamma-induced effects: FTIR confirmed bond rearrangements and changes in Qn species, Raman spectroscopy detected vibrational shifts linked to network distortions, PL revealed defect-induced emissions (e.g., at 454, 595, 900, and 1078 nm), and XRD confirmed the retention of an amorphous structure with no detectable long-range structural modifications, though minor intensity variations were observed. These findings establish borosilicate glass slides as a cost-effective, reusable, and widely accessible material with promising potential for passive radiation monitoring. While this manuscript focuses on neutron TL and gamma-induced optical changes, the broader dosimetric capabilities of this material, including its TL response to photon irradiation, have been detailed in our earlier work. This dual characterization approach enhances the fundamental understanding of radiation-induced modifications in glass, suggesting potential applications in medical dosimetry, industrial radiation monitoring, and space radiation shielding, with further optimization required for enhanced performance and linearity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100300
M. Faizan , Muhammad Waqar Ahmed , M. Yaqub Khan , M. Ijaz Khan
This research introduces a novel theoretical investigation into the fundamental influence of entropy on plasma dynamics, particularly its role in governing confinement and transport phenomena within magnetically confined thermonuclear fusion systems. Utilizing Braginskii's transport formalism alongside a drift approximation to incorporate entropy-driven effects, a new class of nonlinear evolution equations is derived. These equations expose previously unrecognized couplings between entropy variations and ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. A thorough examination of the linear dispersion relation elucidates key features of wave propagation, while nonlinear analysis reveals entropy-induced transitions to chaotic behavior, reminiscent of the Lorenz-Stenflo model, a well-known representation of turbulence in plasma. This study redefines entropy as an active agent in the emergence of instability and turbulence, rather than merely a passive thermodynamic variable. The findings offer critical insights into enhancing plasma confinement and stability, potentially advancing the realization of efficient and sustainable nuclear fusion.
{"title":"Entropy-induced chaos in magnetized plasma: Insights from nonlinear dynamics","authors":"M. Faizan , Muhammad Waqar Ahmed , M. Yaqub Khan , M. Ijaz Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research introduces a novel theoretical investigation into the fundamental influence of entropy on plasma dynamics, particularly its role in governing confinement and transport phenomena within magnetically confined thermonuclear fusion systems. Utilizing Braginskii's transport formalism alongside a drift approximation to incorporate entropy-driven effects, a new class of nonlinear evolution equations is derived. These equations expose previously unrecognized couplings between entropy variations and ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. A thorough examination of the linear dispersion relation elucidates key features of wave propagation, while nonlinear analysis reveals entropy-induced transitions to chaotic behavior, reminiscent of the Lorenz-Stenflo model, a well-known representation of turbulence in plasma. This study redefines entropy as an active agent in the emergence of instability and turbulence, rather than merely a passive thermodynamic variable. The findings offer critical insights into enhancing plasma confinement and stability, potentially advancing the realization of efficient and sustainable nuclear fusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100298
Martin Schaller , Karl Svozil
Using a group-theoretic approach, a method for determining the equivalence classes (also called orbits) of the set of rules of one-dimensional cellular automata induced by the symmetry operations of reflection and permutation and their product is presented. Orbits are classified by their isomorphism type. Results for the number of orbits and the number of orbits by type for state sets of size two and three are included.
{"title":"Orbits of one-dimensional cellular automata induced by symmetry transformations","authors":"Martin Schaller , Karl Svozil","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a group-theoretic approach, a method for determining the equivalence classes (also called orbits) of the set of rules of one-dimensional cellular automata induced by the symmetry operations of reflection and permutation and their product is presented. Orbits are classified by their isomorphism type. Results for the number of orbits and the number of orbits by type for state sets of size two and three are included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100297
Charlotte Rundberget
In this paper, we undertake a thorough investigation into the existence of magnetic monopoles, elusive particles theorized to possess isolated north or south magnetic poles. These hypothetical entities have long captured the imagination of physicists and have been the subject of extensive research. Our analysis, rooted in the principles of classical mechanics and electrodynamics provides a unique look into the fundamental nature of these hypothetical monopoles.
{"title":"Special solutions of coupled classical harmonic oscillators with the addition of magnetic monopoles","authors":"Charlotte Rundberget","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we undertake a thorough investigation into the existence of magnetic monopoles, elusive particles theorized to possess isolated north or south magnetic poles. These hypothetical entities have long captured the imagination of physicists and have been the subject of extensive research. Our analysis, rooted in the principles of classical mechanics and electrodynamics provides a unique look into the fundamental nature of these hypothetical monopoles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100292
Francisco D. Santillan, Andreas Hanke
The interaction between atoms and a quantized radiation field is fundamentally important in quantum optics and quantum information science. Due to their unusual properties, Rydberg atoms are promising building blocks for two-qubit gates and atom-light quantum interfaces, exploiting the Rydberg blockade interaction which prevents two atoms at close distance () from being simultaneously excited to Rydberg states. Recently, this effect was used to engineer quantum processors based on arrays of interacting Rydberg atoms illuminated by Raman lasers. Motivated by these experiments, we extend the Jaynes–Cummings model to study the interaction between two Rydberg atoms interacting by the Rydberg blockade and a quantized radiation field. We consider both number (Fock) states of the field and single-mode quantum coherent states. In particular, we discuss different types of entanglements between various components of the total system consisting of the two Rydberg-interacting atoms and coherent states of the field, and show that the behavior is significantly different compared to a system with non-interacting atoms corresponding to the two-atom Tavis-Cummings model. Our results are relevant in view of atom-light quantum interfaces as components for future long-distance quantum communication.
{"title":"Rabi oscillations and entanglement between two atoms interacting by the Rydberg blockade studied by the Jaynes–Cummings Model","authors":"Francisco D. Santillan, Andreas Hanke","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between atoms and a quantized radiation field is fundamentally important in quantum optics and quantum information science. Due to their unusual properties, Rydberg atoms are promising building blocks for two-qubit gates and atom-light quantum interfaces, exploiting the Rydberg blockade interaction which prevents two atoms at close distance (<span><math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>10</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) from being simultaneously excited to Rydberg states. Recently, this effect was used to engineer quantum processors based on arrays of interacting Rydberg atoms illuminated by Raman lasers. Motivated by these experiments, we extend the Jaynes–Cummings model to study the interaction between two Rydberg atoms interacting by the Rydberg blockade and a quantized radiation field. We consider both number (Fock) states of the field and single-mode quantum coherent states. In particular, we discuss different types of entanglements between various components of the total system consisting of the two Rydberg-interacting atoms and coherent states of the field, and show that the behavior is significantly different compared to a system with non-interacting atoms corresponding to the two-atom Tavis-Cummings model. Our results are relevant in view of atom-light quantum interfaces as components for future long-distance quantum communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144720997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Structural, electronic, mechanical and optical properties of AgCuO2 have been unveiled through first principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) via CASTEP code. The evaluated lattice parameters agree with the previous theoretical and experimental observations for the monoclinic structure of AgCuO2. The electronic band structure and density of states (DOS) analysis at the Fermi level confirms the metallic behavior of AgCuO2. Besides, the partial density of states (PDOS) reveals that Cu-3d and O-2p orbitals are primarily responsible for the formation of metallic bands. Various optical properties have been calculated along different polarization directions, and the obtained results re-confirmed the metallic nature of AgCuO2. All the optical spectra exhibit anisotropic behavior, indicating potential applications in direction-dependent optical devices. The high reflectivity in the infrared and visible regions suggests that AgCuO2 can be potentially used in optical mirrors and thermal barrier coatings. Analysis of additional optical parameters indicates that AgCuO2 could be a promising candidate for optoelectronic devices. The calculated elastic tensor satisfies the stability criteria, confirming the stability of the monoclinic structure. The estimated elastic parameters suggest that AgCuO2 is soft, ductile and anisotropic. A mixed bonding character with dominating ionic contribution in the crystal system is established from elastic constant and Mulliken bond analysis. The calculated lower value of Debye temperature specifies that AgCuO2 is a soft material with lower lattice thermal conductivity. The weaker interatomic bonding properties due to lower Debye temperature, low melting temperature and minimum thermal conductivity make it a possible candidate for TCB material.
{"title":"First-principles calculations to investigate electronic, optical and thermo-elastic features of monoclinic AgCuO2 alloy","authors":"Md. Alomgir Hossain , M.N.H. Liton , M.S.I. Sarker , M.M. Rahman , M.K.R. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural, electronic, mechanical and optical properties of AgCuO<sub>2</sub> have been unveiled through first principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) via CASTEP code. The evaluated lattice parameters agree with the previous theoretical and experimental observations for the monoclinic structure of AgCuO<sub>2</sub>. The electronic band structure and density of states (DOS) analysis at the Fermi level confirms the metallic behavior of AgCuO<sub>2</sub>. Besides, the partial density of states (PDOS) reveals that Cu-3d and O-2p orbitals are primarily responsible for the formation of metallic bands. Various optical properties have been calculated along different polarization directions, and the obtained results re-confirmed the metallic nature of AgCuO<sub>2</sub>. All the optical spectra exhibit anisotropic behavior, indicating potential applications in direction-dependent optical devices. The high reflectivity in the infrared and visible regions suggests that AgCuO<sub>2</sub> can be potentially used in optical mirrors and thermal barrier coatings. Analysis of additional optical parameters indicates that AgCuO<sub>2</sub> could be a promising candidate for optoelectronic devices. The calculated elastic tensor satisfies the stability criteria, confirming the stability of the monoclinic structure. The estimated elastic parameters suggest that AgCuO<sub>2</sub> is soft, ductile and anisotropic. A mixed bonding character with dominating ionic contribution in the crystal system is established from elastic constant and Mulliken bond analysis. The calculated lower value of Debye temperature specifies that AgCuO<sub>2</sub> is a soft material with lower lattice thermal conductivity. The weaker interatomic bonding properties due to lower Debye temperature, low melting temperature and minimum thermal conductivity make it a possible candidate for TCB material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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