Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100314
Ahmed R. Galaly , Tahani R. Aldhafeeri , Sameh M. Elghnam , Mahmoud A. Hamad
The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of Ni50Mn35Sn15 is investigated via phenomenological model (PM) at temperatures, ranging from around 5 K–400 K, validating both inversely and conventionally MCEs, corresponding to two magnetic transitions. Magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) is maximized at the antiferromagnetic transition in martensitic state with 14.5 J/kg.K, which is similar to prior work, demonstrating that PM is a good model for studying giant inverse MCE. However, |ΔSM| is maximized with 2.5 J/kg.K at the FM transition in the austenitic state. Consequently, PM is a particularly intriguing model in which both inverse MCE and conventional MCE for a single material at different temperatures can be examined. Ni50Mn35Sn15 is an efficient material for MR technology throughout widely temperature range, particularly ambient temperature and some temperature ranges that are near ambient temperature.
通过现象模型（PM）研究了Ni50Mn35Sn15在5 K - 400 K温度下的磁热效应（MCE），验证了对应于两次磁跃迁的反向和常规MCE。磁熵变化（ΔSM）在马氏体态反铁磁跃迁时达到最大值，为14.5 J/kg。K，这与前人的工作相似，表明PM是研究巨逆MCE的一个很好的模型。然而，|ΔSM|在2.5 J/kg时达到最大值。K在奥氏体态的FM转变。因此，PM是一个特别有趣的模型，其中可以检查不同温度下单一材料的逆MCE和常规MCE。Ni50Mn35Sn15是一种适用于MR技术的高效材料，适用于广泛的温度范围，特别是环境温度和一些接近环境温度的温度范围。
{"title":"The giant and moderate magnetocaloric effect in Ni50Mn35Sn15 for room-temperature refrigeration technology","authors":"Ahmed R. Galaly , Tahani R. Aldhafeeri , Sameh M. Elghnam , Mahmoud A. Hamad","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of Ni<sub>50</sub>Mn<sub>35</sub>Sn<sub>15</sub> is investigated via phenomenological model (PM) at temperatures, ranging from around 5 K–400 K, validating both inversely and conventionally MCEs, corresponding to two magnetic transitions. Magnetic entropy change (<em>ΔS</em><sub><em>M</em></sub>) is maximized at the antiferromagnetic transition in martensitic state with 14.5 J/kg.K, which is similar to prior work, demonstrating that PM is a good model for studying giant inverse MCE. However, |<em>ΔS</em><sub><em>M</em></sub>| is maximized with 2.5 J/kg.K at the FM transition in the austenitic state. Consequently, PM is a particularly intriguing model in which both inverse MCE and conventional MCE for a single material at different temperatures can be examined. Ni<sub>50</sub>Mn<sub>35</sub>Sn<sub>15</sub> is an efficient material for MR technology throughout widely temperature range, particularly ambient temperature and some temperature ranges that are near ambient temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a novel framework for probing neutron star interiors by combining piecewise polytropic equations of state with mass-radius constraints. Solving the TOV equations across density regimes, we generate mass-radius curves and compare them with NICER and gravitational wave data. Our analysis highlights how different polytropic segments influence neutron star properties, particularly within the range. This approach constrains the pressure-density relation at supranuclear densities and suggests potential exotic matter phases. The results agree and enable more precise interpretation of forthcoming observations, advancing neutron stars as probes of extreme-density physics.
{"title":"Probing neutron star interiors through mass-radius relations and the equation of state using piecewise polytrope","authors":"B. Bringen , D.P. Girma , D.D. Bakwa , E.K. Makama","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel framework for probing neutron star interiors by combining piecewise polytropic equations of state with mass-radius constraints. Solving the TOV equations across density regimes, we generate mass-radius curves and compare them with NICER and gravitational wave data. Our analysis highlights how different polytropic segments influence neutron star properties, particularly within the <span><math><mrow><mn>1.4</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>3.5</mn><msub><mi>M</mi><mo>⊙</mo></msub></mrow></math></span> range. This approach constrains the pressure-density relation at supranuclear densities and suggests potential exotic matter phases. The results agree and enable more precise interpretation of forthcoming observations, advancing neutron stars as probes of extreme-density physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we explore a modified theory of gravity by transitioning from standard General Relativity(GR) to an f(R) gravity framework wherein the Ricci scalar is replaced by a general function . By adopting a specific Hubble parameterization , where is the present value of Hubble parameter and be the free model parameter. We investigate the dynamical evolution of the universe under this modified gravity scenario with quadratic equation of state(EoS), . The Raychaudhuri Equation is employed to analyze the focus of geodesics and provide insights into the expansion behavior of the model universe, allowing us to track deviations from the standard cosmological model. To assess the viability of our f(R) gravity model, we analyze 46 Hubble parameter observations using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) technique to constrain cosmological parameters. We further use the 1048 Pantheon dataset of Type Ia supernovae to enhance the statistical robustness and tighten constraints. The combined observational analysis supports the model as a viable alternative to the standard CDM framework, particularly in explaining late-time cosmic acceleration. Notably the model exhibits deviations at higher redshifts that suggest new insights into cosmic evolution. The study also develops a neural network-based machine learning model to predict the Hubble parameter H(z) across various redshifts, facilitating data-driven insights into cosmic expansion.
{"title":"Constraining f(R) gravity model through Hubble Parametrization","authors":"Kshetrimayum Govind Singh , Kangujam Priyokumar Singh , Asem Jotin Meitei","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we explore a modified theory of gravity by transitioning from standard General Relativity(GR) to an f(R) gravity framework wherein the Ricci scalar <span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span> is replaced by a general function <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>α</mi><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. By adopting a specific Hubble parameterization <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><msqrt><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msqrt></mrow></mfrac><msup><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>ζ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></msup></mrow></mfenced></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> is the present value of Hubble parameter and <span><math><mi>ζ</mi></math></span> be the free model parameter. We investigate the dynamical evolution of the universe under this modified gravity scenario with quadratic equation of state(EoS), <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>μ</mi><msup><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mi>ρ</mi></mrow></math></span>. The Raychaudhuri Equation is employed to analyze the focus of geodesics and provide insights into the expansion behavior of the model universe, allowing us to track deviations from the standard cosmological model. To assess the viability of our f(R) gravity model, we analyze 46 Hubble parameter observations using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) technique to constrain cosmological parameters. We further use the 1048 Pantheon dataset of Type Ia supernovae to enhance the statistical robustness and tighten constraints. The combined observational analysis supports the model as a viable alternative to the standard <span><math><mi>Λ</mi></math></span>CDM framework, particularly in explaining late-time cosmic acceleration. Notably the model exhibits deviations at higher redshifts that suggest new insights into cosmic evolution. The study also develops a neural network-based machine learning model to predict the Hubble parameter H(z) across various redshifts, facilitating data-driven insights into cosmic expansion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100301
Ibrahim Omer A. Ali , B.O. Mnisi , E.M. Benecha , M.M. Tibane
Based on the density functional theory (DFT) with the GGA functional, we investigated the structural, electronic, mechanical, phonon, and thermal properties of TiSnPt, ZrSnPt, and HfSnPt half-Heusler alloys using VASP and CASTEP codes. The negative heat of formation and cohesive energy values confirm the thermodynamic stability of all three alloys, suggesting their plausible experimental synthesis. Band structure calculations using GGA, GGA+SOC, and HSE06 show semiconducting behavior with indirect band gaps; SOC reduces the band gap, while HSE06 increases it. Mechanical and phonon dispersion results confirm the alloys’ mechanical and dynamical stability. The bulk-to-shear ratios and high melting points (1000 K) indicate good ductility. Room-temperature lattice thermal conductivities k are 15.3, 16.7, and 16.4 W/m K for TiSnPt, ZrSnPt, and HfSnPt, respectively, with nearly isotropic phonon transport. The k decreases with temperature due to enhanced Umklapp scattering, reaching 4.5–5.0 W/m K at 1000 K. These results highlight the alloys’ potential for high-temperature structural and thermoelectric applications.
{"title":"Phase stability and physical properties of XSnPt(X = Ti, Zr, Hf): A density functional theory study","authors":"Ibrahim Omer A. Ali , B.O. Mnisi , E.M. Benecha , M.M. Tibane","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the density functional theory (DFT) with the GGA functional, we investigated the structural, electronic, mechanical, phonon, and thermal properties of TiSnPt, ZrSnPt, and HfSnPt half-Heusler alloys using VASP and CASTEP codes. The negative heat of formation and cohesive energy values confirm the thermodynamic stability of all three alloys, suggesting their plausible experimental synthesis. Band structure calculations using GGA, GGA+SOC, and HSE06 show semiconducting behavior with indirect band gaps; SOC reduces the band gap, while HSE06 increases it. Mechanical and phonon dispersion results confirm the alloys’ mechanical and dynamical stability. The bulk-to-shear ratios and high melting points (<span><math><mo>></mo></math></span>1000 K) indicate good ductility. Room-temperature lattice thermal conductivities k<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> are 15.3, 16.7, and 16.4 W/m K for TiSnPt, ZrSnPt, and HfSnPt, respectively, with nearly isotropic phonon transport. The k<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> decreases with temperature due to enhanced Umklapp scattering, reaching <span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span>4.5–5.0 W/m K at 1000 K. These results highlight the alloys’ potential for high-temperature structural and thermoelectric applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100310
Md. Bokhtiar Hossen , Hyung Sub Sim , Chang-Min Yoon , Joo Hyun Moon , Sungwook Leo Hong
This study systematically explores the impact of environmental factors on the mechanical properties of an Al-Pt binary alloy using molecular dynamics simulations. By varying Pt content and examining key conditions such as temperature, strain rate, and vacancy defects, we delve into their combined effects on the alloy's fracture behavior and overall mechanical performance. Our simulations demonstrate that increasing strain rates enhance fracture strength, while higher temperatures and vacancy concentrations notably reduce it. In contrast, the elastic modulus remained relatively insensitive to these environmental changes. Furthermore, our study highlights the crucial role of point vacancies in accelerating fracture initiation, providing new insights into the failure mechanisms of Al-Pt alloys. These findings have significant implications for the design and optimization of high-performance alloy materials, particularly for applications requiring resilience under extreme operational conditions. The detailed analysis of fracture strength across various environmental scenarios offers a pathway to developing alloys with improved durability and mechanical integrity.
{"title":"Exploring mechanical performance in Al-Pt binary alloys through molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Md. Bokhtiar Hossen , Hyung Sub Sim , Chang-Min Yoon , Joo Hyun Moon , Sungwook Leo Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically explores the impact of environmental factors on the mechanical properties of an Al-Pt binary alloy using molecular dynamics simulations. By varying Pt content and examining key conditions such as temperature, strain rate, and vacancy defects, we delve into their combined effects on the alloy's fracture behavior and overall mechanical performance. Our simulations demonstrate that increasing strain rates enhance fracture strength, while higher temperatures and vacancy concentrations notably reduce it. In contrast, the elastic modulus remained relatively insensitive to these environmental changes. Furthermore, our study highlights the crucial role of point vacancies in accelerating fracture initiation, providing new insights into the failure mechanisms of Al-Pt alloys. These findings have significant implications for the design and optimization of high-performance alloy materials, particularly for applications requiring resilience under extreme operational conditions. The detailed analysis of fracture strength across various environmental scenarios offers a pathway to developing alloys with improved durability and mechanical integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tb3+ ion-doped Mg-Ni nanocrystalline ferrites with the chemical formula Mg0.2Ni0.8TbxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.00 to 0.25) were synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The structural properties of all samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and UV–visible spectroscopy. XRD studies confirmed the existence of a secondary phase in samples with x = 0.15 to higher concentrations. The lattice constant decreased, and the X-ray density increased with increasing Tb3+ ions. The two prominent absorption bands observed in the FTIR spectra confirmed the spinel structure. The direct band gap obtained from the UV–vis investigation was in the range of 1.85–1.67 eV, confirming semiconducting behavior. The grain size calculated using FESEM increased with increasing Tb3+ concentration. DC electrical conductivity measurements also indicated the semiconducting characteristics of the samples. Magnetic measurements were performed using VSM. The addition of Tb3+ ions resulted in a decrease in the saturation magnetization from 29.32 (x = 0.00) to 8.61 (x = 0.25) emu/g. In addition, the anisotropy constant and anisotropy field decreased with increasing Tb3+ ion content because of secondary phase formation. Tunable magnetic softening, semiconducting nature, and anisotropy control are essential for tailoring materials for spintronic applications.
{"title":"Investigation of structural, electrical, and magnetic anisotropy studies of the rare earth (Tb3+) ion substituted Mg-Ni nanocrystalline ferrites for spintronic applications","authors":"Jettiboyina Anjaneyulu , K.V. Ramesh , D. Venkatesh , Bimaleswar Sahu","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tb<sup>3+</sup> ion-doped Mg-Ni nanocrystalline ferrites with the chemical formula Mg<sub>0.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Tb<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.00 to 0.25) were synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The structural properties of all samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and UV–visible spectroscopy. XRD studies confirmed the existence of a secondary phase in samples with x = 0.15 to higher concentrations. The lattice constant decreased, and the X-ray density increased with increasing Tb<sup>3+</sup> ions. The two prominent absorption bands observed in the FTIR spectra confirmed the spinel structure. The direct band gap obtained from the UV–vis investigation was in the range of 1.85–1.67 eV, confirming semiconducting behavior. The grain size calculated using FESEM increased with increasing Tb<sup>3+</sup> concentration. DC electrical conductivity measurements also indicated the semiconducting characteristics of the samples. Magnetic measurements were performed using VSM. The addition of Tb<sup>3+</sup> ions resulted in a decrease in the saturation magnetization from 29.32 (x = 0.00) to 8.61 (x = 0.25) emu/g. In addition, the anisotropy constant and anisotropy field decreased with increasing Tb<sup>3+</sup> ion content because of secondary phase formation. Tunable magnetic softening, semiconducting nature, and anisotropy control are essential for tailoring materials for spintronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100309
S.F. Abdul Sani , A.A.Z. Ahmad Nazeri , Muhammad Fahmi Mohd Zainal , K.S. Almugren , Siti Norbaini Sabtu , D.A. Bradley
This study comprehensively explores the dual radiation response and promising dosimetric potential of commercially available borosilicate microscope glass slides. We evaluate their thermoluminescence (TL) response to neutron irradiation and investigate their structural modifications under gamma exposure. TL properties, including glow curve characteristics, dose response, and sensitivity, were assessed for neutron-irradiated glass slides from two different brands. Concurrently, structural and defect evolution in gamma-irradiated slides was analyzed using Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. The TL analysis of neutron-irradiated slides revealed a distinct glow peak (primarily 230–250 °C), a measurable dose-dependent response, and increasing TL intensity with neutron dose up to 6 Gy, demonstrating a quantifiable response suitable for further exploration in neutron dosimetry. However, variations in sensitivity and non-linearity were observed at higher doses, indicating the complex nature of trap interactions in this amorphous material. Optical spectroscopy provided complementary insights into gamma-induced effects: FTIR confirmed bond rearrangements and changes in Qn species, Raman spectroscopy detected vibrational shifts linked to network distortions, PL revealed defect-induced emissions (e.g., at 454, 595, 900, and 1078 nm), and XRD confirmed the retention of an amorphous structure with no detectable long-range structural modifications, though minor intensity variations were observed. These findings establish borosilicate glass slides as a cost-effective, reusable, and widely accessible material with promising potential for passive radiation monitoring. While this manuscript focuses on neutron TL and gamma-induced optical changes, the broader dosimetric capabilities of this material, including its TL response to photon irradiation, have been detailed in our earlier work. This dual characterization approach enhances the fundamental understanding of radiation-induced modifications in glass, suggesting potential applications in medical dosimetry, industrial radiation monitoring, and space radiation shielding, with further optimization required for enhanced performance and linearity.
{"title":"Dual radiation characterisation of borosilicate glass slides: Thermoluminescence response to neutrons and optical properties under gamma irradiation","authors":"S.F. Abdul Sani , A.A.Z. Ahmad Nazeri , Muhammad Fahmi Mohd Zainal , K.S. Almugren , Siti Norbaini Sabtu , D.A. Bradley","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study comprehensively explores the dual radiation response and promising dosimetric potential of commercially available borosilicate microscope glass slides. We evaluate their thermoluminescence (TL) response to neutron irradiation and investigate their structural modifications under gamma exposure. TL properties, including glow curve characteristics, dose response, and sensitivity, were assessed for neutron-irradiated glass slides from two different brands. Concurrently, structural and defect evolution in gamma-irradiated slides was analyzed using Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. The TL analysis of neutron-irradiated slides revealed a distinct glow peak (primarily 230–250 °C), a measurable dose-dependent response, and increasing TL intensity with neutron dose up to 6 Gy, demonstrating a quantifiable response suitable for further exploration in neutron dosimetry. However, variations in sensitivity and non-linearity were observed at higher doses, indicating the complex nature of trap interactions in this amorphous material. Optical spectroscopy provided complementary insights into gamma-induced effects: FTIR confirmed bond rearrangements and changes in Qn species, Raman spectroscopy detected vibrational shifts linked to network distortions, PL revealed defect-induced emissions (e.g., at 454, 595, 900, and 1078 nm), and XRD confirmed the retention of an amorphous structure with no detectable long-range structural modifications, though minor intensity variations were observed. These findings establish borosilicate glass slides as a cost-effective, reusable, and widely accessible material with promising potential for passive radiation monitoring. While this manuscript focuses on neutron TL and gamma-induced optical changes, the broader dosimetric capabilities of this material, including its TL response to photon irradiation, have been detailed in our earlier work. This dual characterization approach enhances the fundamental understanding of radiation-induced modifications in glass, suggesting potential applications in medical dosimetry, industrial radiation monitoring, and space radiation shielding, with further optimization required for enhanced performance and linearity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100300
M. Faizan , Muhammad Waqar Ahmed , M. Yaqub Khan , M. Ijaz Khan
This research introduces a novel theoretical investigation into the fundamental influence of entropy on plasma dynamics, particularly its role in governing confinement and transport phenomena within magnetically confined thermonuclear fusion systems. Utilizing Braginskii's transport formalism alongside a drift approximation to incorporate entropy-driven effects, a new class of nonlinear evolution equations is derived. These equations expose previously unrecognized couplings between entropy variations and ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. A thorough examination of the linear dispersion relation elucidates key features of wave propagation, while nonlinear analysis reveals entropy-induced transitions to chaotic behavior, reminiscent of the Lorenz-Stenflo model, a well-known representation of turbulence in plasma. This study redefines entropy as an active agent in the emergence of instability and turbulence, rather than merely a passive thermodynamic variable. The findings offer critical insights into enhancing plasma confinement and stability, potentially advancing the realization of efficient and sustainable nuclear fusion.
{"title":"Entropy-induced chaos in magnetized plasma: Insights from nonlinear dynamics","authors":"M. Faizan , Muhammad Waqar Ahmed , M. Yaqub Khan , M. Ijaz Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research introduces a novel theoretical investigation into the fundamental influence of entropy on plasma dynamics, particularly its role in governing confinement and transport phenomena within magnetically confined thermonuclear fusion systems. Utilizing Braginskii's transport formalism alongside a drift approximation to incorporate entropy-driven effects, a new class of nonlinear evolution equations is derived. These equations expose previously unrecognized couplings between entropy variations and ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. A thorough examination of the linear dispersion relation elucidates key features of wave propagation, while nonlinear analysis reveals entropy-induced transitions to chaotic behavior, reminiscent of the Lorenz-Stenflo model, a well-known representation of turbulence in plasma. This study redefines entropy as an active agent in the emergence of instability and turbulence, rather than merely a passive thermodynamic variable. The findings offer critical insights into enhancing plasma confinement and stability, potentially advancing the realization of efficient and sustainable nuclear fusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100298
Martin Schaller , Karl Svozil
Using a group-theoretic approach, a method for determining the equivalence classes (also called orbits) of the set of rules of one-dimensional cellular automata induced by the symmetry operations of reflection and permutation and their product is presented. Orbits are classified by their isomorphism type. Results for the number of orbits and the number of orbits by type for state sets of size two and three are included.
{"title":"Orbits of one-dimensional cellular automata induced by symmetry transformations","authors":"Martin Schaller , Karl Svozil","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a group-theoretic approach, a method for determining the equivalence classes (also called orbits) of the set of rules of one-dimensional cellular automata induced by the symmetry operations of reflection and permutation and their product is presented. Orbits are classified by their isomorphism type. Results for the number of orbits and the number of orbits by type for state sets of size two and three are included.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100297
Charlotte Rundberget
In this paper, we undertake a thorough investigation into the existence of magnetic monopoles, elusive particles theorized to possess isolated north or south magnetic poles. These hypothetical entities have long captured the imagination of physicists and have been the subject of extensive research. Our analysis, rooted in the principles of classical mechanics and electrodynamics provides a unique look into the fundamental nature of these hypothetical monopoles.
{"title":"Special solutions of coupled classical harmonic oscillators with the addition of magnetic monopoles","authors":"Charlotte Rundberget","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we undertake a thorough investigation into the existence of magnetic monopoles, elusive particles theorized to possess isolated north or south magnetic poles. These hypothetical entities have long captured the imagination of physicists and have been the subject of extensive research. Our analysis, rooted in the principles of classical mechanics and electrodynamics provides a unique look into the fundamental nature of these hypothetical monopoles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号