Adelhard Rehiara, Sabar Setiawidayat, Lion Ferdinand Marini, Syafrudin Raharjo
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are being blamed for global warming, and the Indonesian government is concerned about it. The government has proven its concern for GHG reduction by participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and signing the Paris Agreement. In order to meet the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target in the National Energy General Plan (RUEN) 2015-2050, the government has issued regulations and plans designed to achieve the objective of producing up to 31% of the nation’s electrical energy from renewable sources by 2050. The RUEN transcription in the General Plan of Regional Energy (RUED) will be implemented in the RUED of West Papua (RUED-P), which is expected to reach the target of 33% of the energy production from renewable sources by . The main issues with implementing NDC targets in RUEN and RUED-P are related to time and costs. This paper investigates the effectiveness of current and proposed government regulations in achieving Indonesia's NDC target by 2030 through the implementation of RUEN and RUED-P in the province of West Papua. The simulation results show that the target of achieving the NDC target of a 29% reduction in GHGs through RUEN can be surpassed. The potential exists to achieve a reduction of 54,363 tons CO2e (or 30.01%), compared to the ‘business as usual’ (BAU) scenario of 77.619 tons CO2e. However, the NDC target of a 41% reduction by 2050 will not be met as implemention of the West Papua regional scenario via the RUED-P will result in a GHG reduction of only 55,393 tons of CO2e, or 28.63% under this scenario. By imposing a 2030 target for energy production from renewable sources amounting to 33% of total generating capacity under RUED-P, the NDC target can actually be exceeded. Under every scenario, the state-owned electric company (PLN) operates at a deficit under current customer pricing. For this reason, the government needs to increase the basic electricity tariff to IDR 2,500 per kWh in order to support PLN operations and not burden the state's budget by subsidizing PLN’s losses.
{"title":"The Indonesian Government’s Role in Setting Renewable Energy Targets to Reduce GHG Emissions from the Electrical Energy Sector","authors":"Adelhard Rehiara, Sabar Setiawidayat, Lion Ferdinand Marini, Syafrudin Raharjo","doi":"10.54028/nj202322310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202322310","url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are being blamed for global warming, and the Indonesian government is concerned about it. The government has proven its concern for GHG reduction by participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and signing the Paris Agreement. In order to meet the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target in the National Energy General Plan (RUEN) 2015-2050, the government has issued regulations and plans designed to achieve the objective of producing up to 31% of the nation’s electrical energy from renewable sources by 2050. The RUEN transcription in the General Plan of Regional Energy (RUED) will be implemented in the RUED of West Papua (RUED-P), which is expected to reach the target of 33% of the energy production from renewable sources by . The main issues with implementing NDC targets in RUEN and RUED-P are related to time and costs. This paper investigates the effectiveness of current and proposed government regulations in achieving Indonesia's NDC target by 2030 through the implementation of RUEN and RUED-P in the province of West Papua. The simulation results show that the target of achieving the NDC target of a 29% reduction in GHGs through RUEN can be surpassed. The potential exists to achieve a reduction of 54,363 tons CO2e (or 30.01%), compared to the ‘business as usual’ (BAU) scenario of 77.619 tons CO2e. However, the NDC target of a 41% reduction by 2050 will not be met as implemention of the West Papua regional scenario via the RUED-P will result in a GHG reduction of only 55,393 tons of CO2e, or 28.63% under this scenario. By imposing a 2030 target for energy production from renewable sources amounting to 33% of total generating capacity under RUED-P, the NDC target can actually be exceeded. Under every scenario, the state-owned electric company (PLN) operates at a deficit under current customer pricing. For this reason, the government needs to increase the basic electricity tariff to IDR 2,500 per kWh in order to support PLN operations and not burden the state's budget by subsidizing PLN’s losses.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research examines how Bangkok’s planning policy supports cultural adequacy in Nang Loeng, an historic community in Bangkok that is trying to utilise its cultural heritage to achieve housing security in the face of planned developments, such as the building of a new urban rail (MRT) station. The research, through the analyses of the Bangkok Comprehensive Plan (B.E. 2019) and the master plan for the conservation and development of Krung Rattanakosin (Update B.E. 2020), site visits, cultural mapping, and in-depth interviews, uses the framework of cultural adequacy to examine how the current plans and policies consider the cultural heritage of the area and highlight opportunities for enhancing cultural adequacy in the neighbourhood. This research has found that improvements can be made in terms of supporting and valorizing the intangible cultural heritage of Nang Loeng; this cultural heritage was not captured in the development of current plans. Suggestions include comprehensive planning that relies on increased collaboration with area residents and cultural institutions, and the creation of a database for documenting the neighborhood’s intangible heritage.
{"title":"Urban Policy Supporting Cultural Adequacy in Nang Loeng, Bangkok","authors":"Wijitbusaba Marome, Siranut Sununtharod, Boonanan Natakun, Ponson Liengboonlertchai","doi":"10.54028/nj202322311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202322311","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines how Bangkok’s planning policy supports cultural adequacy in Nang Loeng, an historic community in Bangkok that is trying to utilise its cultural heritage to achieve housing security in the face of planned developments, such as the building of a new urban rail (MRT) station. The research, through the analyses of the Bangkok Comprehensive Plan (B.E. 2019) and the master plan for the conservation and development of Krung Rattanakosin (Update B.E. 2020), site visits, cultural mapping, and in-depth interviews, uses the framework of cultural adequacy to examine how the current plans and policies consider the cultural heritage of the area and highlight opportunities for enhancing cultural adequacy in the neighbourhood. This research has found that improvements can be made in terms of supporting and valorizing the intangible cultural heritage of Nang Loeng; this cultural heritage was not captured in the development of current plans. Suggestions include comprehensive planning that relies on increased collaboration with area residents and cultural institutions, and the creation of a database for documenting the neighborhood’s intangible heritage.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the field of residential real estate development, understanding customer perception contributes to project success. This quantitative research studied customer perception towards common area elements in housing projects by applying the Analytical Kano (A-Kano) Model. Information was collected from a questionnaire survey of 150 buyers of detached and semi-detached houses in housing projects situated in metropolitan Bangkok who purchased their properties within five years. The quota sampling method was used, and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the A-Kano Model. The research results identify important characteristics of three groups of residential development common area elements: (1) must-have elements, (2) one-dimensional elements, and (3) attractive elements. Buyers agree that most public utility elements are essential (a “must-have”), while landscape features are one-dimensional or related to satisfaction. The research results can offer guidelines to help developers determine and choose the right elements to include in common areas to stimulate buying decision by customers.
{"title":"Applying the A-Kano Model to assess the impact of common area elements on customers’ perceptions of subdivision housing projects in metropolitan Bangkok","authors":"Kongkoon Tochaiwat, Damrongsak Rinchumphu, Jatuphon Wangsong, Patcharida Pultawee","doi":"10.54028/nj202322309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202322309","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of residential real estate development, understanding customer perception contributes to project success. This quantitative research studied customer perception towards common area elements in housing projects by applying the Analytical Kano (A-Kano) Model. Information was collected from a questionnaire survey of 150 buyers of detached and semi-detached houses in housing projects situated in metropolitan Bangkok who purchased their properties within five years. The quota sampling method was used, and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and the A-Kano Model. The research results identify important characteristics of three groups of residential development common area elements: (1) must-have elements, (2) one-dimensional elements, and (3) attractive elements. Buyers agree that most public utility elements are essential (a “must-have”), while landscape features are one-dimensional or related to satisfaction. The research results can offer guidelines to help developers determine and choose the right elements to include in common areas to stimulate buying decision by customers.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omer Shujat Bhatti, Muhammad Asad Ghufran, Atta Ullah Shah
The COVID-19 pandemic brought the world to a standstill, demonstrating the critical importance of preparedness and adaptation in the face of pandemics and epidemics. Pandemics and epidemics have been a persistent threat throughout human history, causing significant mortality and morbidity, as well as disrupting economies, societies, and politics. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, had a profound impact on healthcare systems worldwide, leading to hospitals transforming into pandemic centers. This case study, conducted at Riphah International Hospital (RIH) in Islamabad, Pakistan, explores the transformation of an existing facility into a pandemic center, highlighting the challenges faced in managing the pandemic conditions and ensuring the safety of the public and medical teams. The study was based on an observational study and data collection from end users with respect to transformation satisfaction and issues faced. Spatial segregation, logistics, air flow control, managing infection control, etc were major challenges faced and managed. Stress was high for the end users who facilitated in medical teams. The study emphasizes the critical importance of preparedness and adaptation in the face of pandemics/epidemics, including the need for specialized training of medical personnel, dedicated COVID-19 units in hospitals, and a robust and resilient healthcare system that can manage future epidemics.
2019冠状病毒病大流行使世界陷入停滞，表明了面对大流行和流行病做好准备和适应的至关重要性。在整个人类历史上，流行病和流行病一直是一个持续的威胁，造成严重的死亡率和发病率，并扰乱经济、社会和政治。由SARS-CoV-2病毒引起的COVID-19大流行对全球医疗保健系统产生了深远影响，导致医院转变为大流行中心。本案例研究在巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡的Riphah国际医院(Riphah International Hospital)进行，探讨了将现有设施改造为流行病中心的情况，强调了在管理流行病条件和确保公众和医疗队安全方面面临的挑战。该研究是基于一项观察性研究和从终端用户收集的关于转换满意度和面临的问题的数据。空间隔离、物流、气流控制、管理感染控制等是面临和管理的主要挑战。为医疗团队提供便利的最终用户压力很大。该研究强调，面对大流行/流行病，做好准备和适应至关重要，包括需要对医务人员进行专门培训，在医院设立专门的COVID-19病房，以及建立能够管理未来流行病的强大和有弹性的医疗保健系统。
{"title":"Transforming Adversity Into Opportunity: Assessing User Satisfaction in Hospital Transformation in Lieu of a Pandemic Through the Multi-Corridor Expansion Model for Epidemic Management and Environmental Design Enhancement","authors":"Omer Shujat Bhatti, Muhammad Asad Ghufran, Atta Ullah Shah","doi":"10.54028/nj202322308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202322308","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic brought the world to a standstill, demonstrating the critical importance of preparedness and adaptation in the face of pandemics and epidemics. Pandemics and epidemics have been a persistent threat throughout human history, causing significant mortality and morbidity, as well as disrupting economies, societies, and politics. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, had a profound impact on healthcare systems worldwide, leading to hospitals transforming into pandemic centers. This case study, conducted at Riphah International Hospital (RIH) in Islamabad, Pakistan, explores the transformation of an existing facility into a pandemic center, highlighting the challenges faced in managing the pandemic conditions and ensuring the safety of the public and medical teams. The study was based on an observational study and data collection from end users with respect to transformation satisfaction and issues faced. Spatial segregation, logistics, air flow control, managing infection control, etc were major challenges faced and managed. Stress was high for the end users who facilitated in medical teams. The study emphasizes the critical importance of preparedness and adaptation in the face of pandemics/epidemics, including the need for specialized training of medical personnel, dedicated COVID-19 units in hospitals, and a robust and resilient healthcare system that can manage future epidemics.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has become an important component of building design because people tend to spend the majority of their time indoors. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the occupants’ overall perceived Quality of Life (QoL) experience in two green and two non-green office buildings. All four buildings are situated in Klang Valley, Malaysia, and they are open-plan office buildings. 162 questionnaires were administered to assess the relationship between individuals' perceived QoL and IEQ factors. The IEQ factors, classified into ambient conditions, designed environment, and behavioural environment, are found to impact QoL. Findings from the case studies reveal that the four buildings varied in the aspect of Behavioural Environment, where some of the IEQ factors in the green buildings were perceived as slightly uncomfortable. It was also found that several IEQ categories interact as a system in which improvement of occupants' QoL experiences cannot be accomplished solely through the instrumental components of IEQ, as the designed and behavioural environments have substantial impacts. Several missing factors linked to the Green Building Index (GBI) criteria were significantly correlated with the QoL experience of occupants.
{"title":"Perception of Overall Quality of Life Among Occupants of Green and Non-Green Office Buildings in Malaysia","authors":"Abdelfatah Bousbia Laiche, N. Dahlan, Zalina Shari, Mohamad Fakri Zaky Jaafar","doi":"10.54028/nj202322307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202322307","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has become an important component of building design because people tend to spend the majority of their time indoors. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the occupants’ overall perceived Quality of Life (QoL) experience in two green and two non-green office buildings. All four buildings are situated in Klang Valley, Malaysia, and they are open-plan office buildings. 162 questionnaires were administered to assess the relationship between individuals' perceived QoL and IEQ factors. The IEQ factors, classified into ambient conditions, designed environment, and behavioural environment, are found to impact QoL. Findings from the case studies reveal that the four buildings varied in the aspect of Behavioural Environment, where some of the IEQ factors in the green buildings were perceived as slightly uncomfortable. It was also found that several IEQ categories interact as a system in which improvement of occupants' QoL experiences cannot be accomplished solely through the instrumental components of IEQ, as the designed and behavioural environments have substantial impacts. Several missing factors linked to the Green Building Index (GBI) criteria were significantly correlated with the QoL experience of occupants.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83232707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to explore employees’ perceptions of workplace management practices (i.e. planning before workplace change, implementation process, management after workplace change) at the PTT headquarters building in Thailand. Another purpose is to examine workplace change development during COVID-19 to understand the organisation’s planning and processes, which serves as a means to contribute to Facilities Management and Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM) theory. Employees' responses to workplace management practices at different stages (i.e., before, during, and after workplace change) were affected by the company's strategic direction and management approach, particularly in terms of planning and implementing workplace change development. This study demonstrates that the employee engagement and involvement process is critical during and after workplace change. A lack of process at these times can result in negative impacts, as evidenced by low satisfaction percentages in various areas, including improving the workplace based on suggestions from employees, and training employees on how to use office space when returning to the workplace. The case organisation's strategic planning in relation to crisis management, reflects the supply and demand alignment dimension and the CREM strategy of corporate real estate alignment. No existing research has appraised employees' responses in terms of the preparation and implementation of workplace change. This study provides new insights into workplace change development during COVID-19, including planning, implementation, management after the change, and the impacts on employees' perceptions.
{"title":"Employees’ appraisal of workplace changes during COVID-19: findings from a state-owned oil and gas company","authors":"Chaiwat Riratanaphong, Nuttawan Narmwiset","doi":"10.54028/nj202322306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202322306","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore employees’ perceptions of workplace management practices (i.e. planning before workplace change, implementation process, management after workplace change) at the PTT headquarters building in Thailand. Another purpose is to examine workplace change development during COVID-19 to understand the organisation’s planning and processes, which serves as a means to contribute to Facilities Management and Corporate Real Estate Management (CREM) theory. Employees' responses to workplace management practices at different stages (i.e., before, during, and after workplace change) were affected by the company's strategic direction and management approach, particularly in terms of planning and implementing workplace change development. This study demonstrates that the employee engagement and involvement process is critical during and after workplace change. A lack of process at these times can result in negative impacts, as evidenced by low satisfaction percentages in various areas, including improving the workplace based on suggestions from employees, and training employees on how to use office space when returning to the workplace. The case organisation's strategic planning in relation to crisis management, reflects the supply and demand alignment dimension and the CREM strategy of corporate real estate alignment. No existing research has appraised employees' responses in terms of the preparation and implementation of workplace change. This study provides new insights into workplace change development during COVID-19, including planning, implementation, management after the change, and the impacts on employees' perceptions.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77984686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to apply the five urban design qualities identified by Reid Ewing and Otto Clemente in a different context. To conduct this empirical study, Bangkok was selected to exemplify a car-dependent city, and three Bangkok streets were chosen for study. The measurement of streetscape qualities was carried out using two approaches, objective and subjective, which were then compared in order to gain insight. The study employed convergent parallel mixed methods, in which both the quantitative and qualitative data were taken into account. Objective measurement of streetscape qualities was done based on qualitative data using fieldwork studies, while subjective evaluation of users’ perceptions was done based on a quantitative questionnaire. Analysis was based on a set of physical features and the measurement protocol. Its application in this study revealed how the features and protocol can be further developed by considering the background and context of the studied area in order to more effectively capture the streetscape qualities of the city. The results revealed that the streetscape elements that are less perceived by car drivers and passengers in the city are the ones located on sidewalks and that building details are hardly noticed by these motorists. Apparently, spatial perception and streetscape qualities are likely to be overlooked or less perceived in a car-dependent city. In hindsight, this study tends to support the study of users’ perceptions and satisfaction as part of the data collection and analysis process in the study of urban design.
{"title":"Measuring Streetscape Qualities in a Car-dependent City: The Case of Three Historical Streets in Bangkok","authors":"Phanita Surinta","doi":"10.54028/nj202322305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202322305","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to apply the five urban design qualities identified by Reid Ewing and Otto Clemente in a different context. To conduct this empirical study, Bangkok was selected to exemplify a car-dependent city, and three Bangkok streets were chosen for study. The measurement of streetscape qualities was carried out using two approaches, objective and subjective, which were then compared in order to gain insight. The study employed convergent parallel mixed methods, in which both the quantitative and qualitative data were taken into account. Objective measurement of streetscape qualities was done based on qualitative data using fieldwork studies, while subjective evaluation of users’ perceptions was done based on a quantitative questionnaire. Analysis was based on a set of physical features and the measurement protocol. Its application in this study revealed how the features and protocol can be further developed by considering the background and context of the studied area in order to more effectively capture the streetscape qualities of the city. The results revealed that the streetscape elements that are less perceived by car drivers and passengers in the city are the ones located on sidewalks and that building details are hardly noticed by these motorists. Apparently, spatial perception and streetscape qualities are likely to be overlooked or less perceived in a car-dependent city. In hindsight, this study tends to support the study of users’ perceptions and satisfaction as part of the data collection and analysis process in the study of urban design.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87205980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tabo monastery of 996 CE, an example of vernacular architecture of the Lahaul and Spiti region of Himachal Pradesh, is one of the most significant examples of world cultural heritage, being not only a globally significant Buddhist site but also the oldest earthen building in India. Cultural heritage acts as a mirror of human civilization, culture, history, and development. This monastery has its own identity, which tells the story of its glorious past; the structures of the monastery are the most authentic example of the use of earthen raw materials and indigenous architectural features. The major creative forces for these structures are rooted in the local needs and traditions, which have evolved slowly over time. The mural paintings of the monastery, which are deteriorating due to natural and human induced activities, depict Buddhist Indian History. The main aim of this study is to determine the causes of this deterioration, and identify conservation measures that can be undertaken to protect the mural paintings. In fact, remarkable conservation works are already being conducted by Archaeological Survey of India, which is laudable. However, the investigation of the monastery’s structural features, techniques used in mural execution, and the relevant climatic conditions of the region, with identification of causes of deterioration can be used to develop a more effective and sustainable conservation approach for preservation of these murals in the future.
{"title":"Tabo Monastery (996 CE) A Vernacular Architecture of Lahaul and Spiti Region of Himachal Pradesh, India: A Preliminary Investigation of Deterioration and Conservation of Murals of gSer-Khang Gumpha","authors":"A. Mishra","doi":"10.54028/nj202322304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202322304","url":null,"abstract":"Tabo monastery of 996 CE, an example of vernacular architecture of the Lahaul and Spiti region of Himachal Pradesh, is one of the most significant examples of world cultural heritage, being not only a globally significant Buddhist site but also the oldest earthen building in India. Cultural heritage acts as a mirror of human civilization, culture, history, and development. This monastery has its own identity, which tells the story of its glorious past; the structures of the monastery are the most authentic example of the use of earthen raw materials and indigenous architectural features. The major creative forces for these structures are rooted in the local needs and traditions, which have evolved slowly over time. The mural paintings of the monastery, which are deteriorating due to natural and human induced activities, depict Buddhist Indian History. The main aim of this study is to determine the causes of this deterioration, and identify conservation measures that can be undertaken to protect the mural paintings. In fact, remarkable conservation works are already being conducted by Archaeological Survey of India, which is laudable. However, the investigation of the monastery’s structural features, techniques used in mural execution, and the relevant climatic conditions of the region, with identification of causes of deterioration can be used to develop a more effective and sustainable conservation approach for preservation of these murals in the future.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89238548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we focused on policies to promote reduction in the use of private vehicles that could be implemented in Bangkok during periods of severe PM2.5 levels, including a flat charge for use of private cars, private vehicle bans, and public transport fare subsidization. The objective was to investigate how these policies can be used to help convince private car users to shift their travel modes to rail transit, and, thus, reduce vehicle emissions that contribute to air pollution. We conducted a stated preference survey of 731 private car users in Bangkok, Thailand, where stated-choice scenarios were specified with respect to all possible combinations of the proposed policies that could lead to a reduction of PM2.5 concentration. A binomial logit model was used for the analysis. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of the travel demand management policies would vary across geographical areas of the city. Public transport fare subsidization would be effective in reducing car use among residents in the inner suburbs. A car ban would be an effective measure in outer suburbs, while the flat charge would be effective among populations in central Bangkok and the inner suburbs.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Travel Demand Management Policies in Promoting Rail Transit Use and Reducing Private Vehicle Emissions: A Stated Preference Study of Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"Phathinan Thaithatkul, Patanapong Sanghatawatana, Ornicha Anuchitchanchai, Saksith Chalermpong","doi":"10.54028/nj202322303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202322303","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we focused on policies to promote reduction in the use of private vehicles that could be implemented in Bangkok during periods of severe PM2.5 levels, including a flat charge for use of private cars, private vehicle bans, and public transport fare subsidization. The objective was to investigate how these policies can be used to help convince private car users to shift their travel modes to rail transit, and, thus, reduce vehicle emissions that contribute to air pollution. We conducted a stated preference survey of 731 private car users in Bangkok, Thailand, where stated-choice scenarios were specified with respect to all possible combinations of the proposed policies that could lead to a reduction of PM2.5 concentration. A binomial logit model was used for the analysis. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of the travel demand management policies would vary across geographical areas of the city. Public transport fare subsidization would be effective in reducing car use among residents in the inner suburbs. A car ban would be an effective measure in outer suburbs, while the flat charge would be effective among populations in central Bangkok and the inner suburbs. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78195680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
His Royal Highness Prince Narisaranuvativongse (1863 –1947) was a court designer whose works transcended various fields of art, design, music, and architecture in Siam. Since his death, the prince’s legacy has been fading from the public consciousness. This research comprises an architectural design proposal to resurrect recognition of his designs, and to create public connectivity in terms of physical spaces by focusing on Prince Naris’ way of thinking, as expressed in a Thai word, pleang (แผลง), employed by Prince Naris himself. Pleang does not mean conventional, nor does it mean atypical. Pleang is a way of thinking that has limited relation to building typologies. We chose to study one architectural element that has an integral place in architectural theory and practice, namely, the window, which has often been considered as a “device” to create human comfort, and a “destination” of a room, with the qualities of being both “somewhere” and “nowhere.” On-site observations and architectural surveys were used to document Prince Naris’ placement of windows and fake windows in religious buildings along with his arrangement of the windows in his own private residence and studio known as Ban Plainern. The findings were later applied to an architectural design of existing shophouses that buffer a residential complex belonging to Prince Naris’ descendants from Rama IV Road. We propose a renovation project, under the Prince Naris Learning Center program, to turn this building into an aperture to Ban Plainern putting it clearly into the public eye.
{"title":"Pleang (แผลง): Portraying Prince Naris’ Cultural Hybridity in Architectural Forms","authors":"Chittawadi Chitrabongs, Malin Phlernjai","doi":"10.54028/nj202322302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202322302","url":null,"abstract":"His Royal Highness Prince Narisaranuvativongse (1863 –1947) was a court designer whose works transcended various fields of art, design, music, and architecture in Siam. Since his death, the prince’s legacy has been fading from the public consciousness. This research comprises an architectural design proposal to resurrect recognition of his designs, and to create public connectivity in terms of physical spaces by focusing on Prince Naris’ way of thinking, as expressed in a Thai word, pleang (แผลง), employed by Prince Naris himself. Pleang does not mean conventional, nor does it mean atypical. Pleang is a way of thinking that has limited relation to building typologies. We chose to study one architectural element that has an integral place in architectural theory and practice, namely, the window, which has often been considered as a “device” to create human comfort, and a “destination” of a room, with the qualities of being both “somewhere” and “nowhere.” On-site observations and architectural surveys were used to document Prince Naris’ placement of windows and fake windows in religious buildings along with his arrangement of the windows in his own private residence and studio known as Ban Plainern. The findings were later applied to an architectural design of existing shophouses that buffer a residential complex belonging to Prince Naris’ descendants from Rama IV Road. We propose a renovation project, under the Prince Naris Learning Center program, to turn this building into an aperture to Ban Plainern putting it clearly into the public eye.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90994700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：