Trung Thanh Nguyen, Son Dai Hai Cao, Quynh Anh Nguyen Thi, Phuoc Toan Phan, Ngoc Thach Tran, Le Ba Tran, Tri Thich Le, Quoc Thao Tran, Nhat Huy Nguyen
Every year, thousands of tons of plant protection product (PPP) containers are indiscriminately discharged into the environment as toxic waste that has a negative impact on the land, water, and air environment as well as public health. This study surveyed the use of PPPs in rice cultivation, and the generation of hazardous waste (HW) when using pesticides, specifically pesticide packaging and containers in Long Kien and Long Dien B communes, Cho Moi district, An Giang province, Vietnam. Data collection was conducted through direct interviews, mainly collecting personal information of farmers in the surveyed area, the current situation with regard to pesticide use, container management, environmental awareness, and proposals for hazardous waste management from the farmers’ perspectives. The results show that local farmers are aware of the harmful effects of pesticide containers, but they are not able to make use of effective methods of collecting and treating the waste containers properly. Based on the survey results, several solutions are proposed for managing HW in order to reduce environmental pollution from the use of pesticides, minimize the impacts of HW on people's health, and contribute to local sustainable development.
{"title":"Current Status of the Management of Plant Protection Product Containers in Cho Moi District, An Giang Province, Vietnam","authors":"Trung Thanh Nguyen, Son Dai Hai Cao, Quynh Anh Nguyen Thi, Phuoc Toan Phan, Ngoc Thach Tran, Le Ba Tran, Tri Thich Le, Quoc Thao Tran, Nhat Huy Nguyen","doi":"10.54028/nj202120116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120116","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, thousands of tons of plant protection product (PPP) containers are indiscriminately discharged into the environment as toxic waste that has a negative impact on the land, water, and air environment as well as public health. This study surveyed the use of PPPs in rice cultivation, and the generation of hazardous waste (HW) when using pesticides, specifically pesticide packaging and containers in Long Kien and Long Dien B communes, Cho Moi district, An Giang province, Vietnam. Data collection was conducted through direct interviews, mainly collecting personal information of farmers in the surveyed area, the current situation with regard to pesticide use, container management, environmental awareness, and proposals for hazardous waste management from the farmers’ perspectives. The results show that local farmers are aware of the harmful effects of pesticide containers, but they are not able to make use of effective methods of collecting and treating the waste containers properly. Based on the survey results, several solutions are proposed for managing HW in order to reduce environmental pollution from the use of pesticides, minimize the impacts of HW on people's health, and contribute to local sustainable development. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74619206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to establish the principles for the creation of Buddhist sacred places based on primary sources of the three major sects, namely, Theravāda, Mahāyāna, and Vajrayāna, and studied architecture based on promising secondary sources through case studies. The stated research question is to understand the interaction among Buddhist principles, human activities, and Buddhist architecture in order to develop the criteria for creating Buddhist sacred places in the context of the modern world. The results indicate that criteria should be considered in two aspects. First, a method is required to characterize the context and environment that promotes the practice of virtues such as concentration and wisdom, resulting in mental development. Second, and a method is needed for characterization of the context and activities performed that are appropriate for spiritual cultivation. The proposed criteria offer appropriate methods for developing sacred places in various societies, and contexts comprising any circumstances.
{"title":"A Study of the Principles of Three Major Sects for Creating Buddhist Sacred Places","authors":"Punjaphut Thirathamrongwee, Wonchai Mongkolpradit","doi":"10.54028/nj202120118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120118","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to establish the principles for the creation of Buddhist sacred places based on primary sources of the three major sects, namely, Theravāda, Mahāyāna, and Vajrayāna, and studied architecture based on promising secondary sources through case studies. The stated research question is to understand the interaction among Buddhist principles, human activities, and Buddhist architecture in order to develop the criteria for creating Buddhist sacred places in the context of the modern world. The results indicate that criteria should be considered in two aspects. First, a method is required to characterize the context and environment that promotes the practice of virtues such as concentration and wisdom, resulting in mental development. Second, and a method is needed for characterization of the context and activities performed that are appropriate for spiritual cultivation. The proposed criteria offer appropriate methods for developing sacred places in various societies, and contexts comprising any circumstances. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90154189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The noon break or lunch hour in Bangkok’s central business district (CBD) is when pedestrians wander around for various activities and purposes, in addition to having a meal, within a limited time frame. It is the only break from their daily working routines for energy recovery or socializing, which, in turn, increases readiness to continue working in the afternoon. Commercial activities preferred by pedestrians during this break contribute to increased economic activity. Since pedestrian behavior depends on the cultural context, this research aims to understand Thai urban pedestrian culture that benefits the public, both socially and economically, and to investigate pedestrians’ experience of the physical quality of their walking infrastructure, reflecting their preferences. According to the information gained from observation, a field survey of four hundred thirty observations, and descriptive statistics, the urban pedestrian culture in the CBD of Bangkok is a combination of various activities related to a way of life; 69.4% and 44.9% of observed pedestrians have secondary and tertiary purposes. These multi-purpose trips during lunch hours include having meals, shopping, recovery from work, socializing, and taking care of business or running errands. The routine of lunch outings declined only slightly after the start of the pandemic in early 2020 compared to the pre-pandemic level (81.8% compared to 94.9%). Socializing has strong presence in the culture; 90.5% of group outings occur at least once or twice a week. On the physical side, the walking infrastructure, mainly comprising sidewalks, is used for circulation and as a place for social and economic settings. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, pedestrians’ concerns about the physical environment were divided into five groups, as follows: Cluster 1, people concerned about thermal comfort, surface conditions, and sidewalk obstructions. Cluster 2, people concerned about thermal comfort and walking distance. Cluster 3, people concerned about level changes and walking distance. Cluster 4, people concerned about surface conditions and sidewalk obstructions. Lastly, cluster 5, people concerned about sidewalk obstructions, traffic safety, and level changes. In conclusion. significant problems experienced or causing concern to pedestrians include sidewalk obstructions of flow due to insufficient width of the walking space as well as blockages caused by utility infrastructure, or social or economic activities, walking distance, surface conditions of sidewalks, level changes, thermal comfort, and traffic safety, respectively. These experiences and concerns reflect pedestrians’ preference for better quality of walking infrastructure. Therefore, inducing walkability is a promising physical strategy for promoting and sustaining Thai urban pedestrian culture.
{"title":"Understanding Thai Urban Pedestrian Culture During Noon Break: How Sidewalk Users Experience the Walking Infrastructure in Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"Shusak Janpathompong, A. Murakami","doi":"10.54028/nj202120115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120115","url":null,"abstract":"The noon break or lunch hour in Bangkok’s central business district (CBD) is when pedestrians wander around for various activities and purposes, in addition to having a meal, within a limited time frame. It is the only break from their daily working routines for energy recovery or socializing, which, in turn, increases readiness to continue working in the afternoon. Commercial activities preferred by pedestrians during this break contribute to increased economic activity. Since pedestrian behavior depends on the cultural context, this research aims to understand Thai urban pedestrian culture that benefits the public, both socially and economically, and to investigate pedestrians’ experience of the physical quality of their walking infrastructure, reflecting their preferences. \u0000According to the information gained from observation, a field survey of four hundred thirty observations, and descriptive statistics, the urban pedestrian culture in the CBD of Bangkok is a combination of various activities related to a way of life; 69.4% and 44.9% of observed pedestrians have secondary and tertiary purposes. These multi-purpose trips during lunch hours include having meals, shopping, recovery from work, socializing, and taking care of business or running errands. The routine of lunch outings declined only slightly after the start of the pandemic in early 2020 compared to the pre-pandemic level (81.8% compared to 94.9%). Socializing has strong presence in the culture; 90.5% of group outings occur at least once or twice a week. \u0000On the physical side, the walking infrastructure, mainly comprising sidewalks, is used for circulation and as a place for social and economic settings. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, pedestrians’ concerns about the physical environment were divided into five groups, as follows: Cluster 1, people concerned about thermal comfort, surface conditions, and sidewalk obstructions. Cluster 2, people concerned about thermal comfort and walking distance. Cluster 3, people concerned about level changes and walking distance. Cluster 4, people concerned about surface conditions and sidewalk obstructions. Lastly, cluster 5, people concerned about sidewalk obstructions, traffic safety, and level changes. \u0000In conclusion. significant problems experienced or causing concern to pedestrians include sidewalk obstructions of flow due to insufficient width of the walking space as well as blockages caused by utility infrastructure, or social or economic activities, walking distance, surface conditions of sidewalks, level changes, thermal comfort, and traffic safety, respectively. These experiences and concerns reflect pedestrians’ preference for better quality of walking infrastructure. Therefore, inducing walkability is a promising physical strategy for promoting and sustaining Thai urban pedestrian culture. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89832351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chudhadhuj Royal Residence is a historically significant place, located on Si Chang island where a vast landscape area covers both coastal and mountainous areas. Its context connects natural landscape and culture which can be termed a cultural landscape in a holistic. The researcher would like to describe the link between the design criteria and the concepts of the cultural heritage conservation and some identities of the place to meet the function of each area in designing luminaires. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the design process of landscape luminaires for walkway. The design of prototype luminaires consists of a lamppost, a bollard, and a bollard with perforated patterns. Visual design elements and principles with the design concepts were applied to these luminaires. The image of luminaires and the effect of light of each prototype were designed, developed, and tested on-site both day and night-time. The questionnaires displaying computer-simulated images in the actual context were used for an assessment by experts from various design and architectural conservation fields. The results show that these luminaires respond to architectural conservation and identities of the place both day and night-time. The prototype luminaires were improved according to the comments of the experts. Consequently, these luminaires were granted three design patents. Ultimately, the designed luminaires and the lighting master plan were applied to the landscape improvement project of the Chudhadhuj Royal Residence, operated by the Fine Arts Department. This project can be an example of architectural conservation for a cultural heritage site in the future.
Chudhadhuj Royal Residence Chudhadhuj Royal Residence Chudhadhuj Royal Residence Chudhadhuj Royal Residence Chudhadhuj Royal Residence Chudhadhuj是一个具有历史意义的地方，位于四长岛上，拥有广阔的景观区，包括沿海和山区。它的文脉将自然景观和文化联系在一起，可以称之为整体的文化景观。研究者想描述设计标准与文化遗产保护的概念之间的联系，以及在设计灯具时满足每个区域功能的一些地方身份。本文的目的是论证走道景观灯具的设计过程。原型灯具的设计由灯柱、柱柱和带穿孔图案的柱柱组成。这些灯具运用了视觉设计元素和设计理念。灯具的形象和光的效果，每个原型设计，开发，并在白天和晚上现场测试。这些问卷显示了实际环境中计算机模拟的图像，供来自各个设计和建筑保护领域的专家进行评估。结果表明，这些灯具在白天和夜晚都响应了建筑保护和地方的特征。根据专家的意见，对原型灯具进行了改进。因此，这些灯具获得了三项外观设计专利。最终，设计的灯具和照明总体规划被应用到Chudhadhuj皇家住宅的景观改善项目中，该项目由美术部门运营。这个项目可以成为未来文化遗址建筑保护的一个例子。
{"title":"Landscape Luminaire Design for Part of the Conservation of Chudhadhuj Royal Residence, Sichang Island","authors":"Phanchalath Suriyothin","doi":"10.54028/nj202120117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120117","url":null,"abstract":"Chudhadhuj Royal Residence is a historically significant place, located on Si Chang island where a vast landscape area covers both coastal and mountainous areas. Its context connects natural landscape and culture which can be termed a cultural landscape in a holistic. The researcher would like to describe the link between the design criteria and the concepts of the cultural heritage conservation and some identities of the place to meet the function of each area in designing luminaires. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the design process of landscape luminaires for walkway. The design of prototype luminaires consists of a lamppost, a bollard, and a bollard with perforated patterns. Visual design elements and principles with the design concepts were applied to these luminaires. The image of luminaires and the effect of light of each prototype were designed, developed, and tested on-site both day and night-time. The questionnaires displaying computer-simulated images in the actual context were used for an assessment by experts from various design and architectural conservation fields. The results show that these luminaires respond to architectural conservation and identities of the place both day and night-time. The prototype luminaires were improved according to the comments of the experts. Consequently, these luminaires were granted three design patents. Ultimately, the designed luminaires and the lighting master plan were applied to the landscape improvement project of the Chudhadhuj Royal Residence, operated by the Fine Arts Department. This project can be an example of architectural conservation for a cultural heritage site in the future. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73094399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is an exploration of building lifespan, building characteristics, and operating expenses. The main objectives are to identify the building component lifespan, including architectural components and engineering components, to determine the pattern of building component replacement life cycle and to examine the relationship between building characteristics and facility operating expenses. The investigation was undertaken through a study of thirty-nine residential condominiums located in Bangkok. The expense data were collected through document searches and surveys with key juristic persons of each condominium. The building service life document was collected from international references and standards. The data were examined using cross-case analysis to identify the lifespan of the buildings and to identify the relationships between the condominium operating expenses and the characteristics of the buildings. It was found that the typical building replacements occur on a broad 60-year cycle that can be subdivided into several phases. Further findings indicate that a significant pattern of building component replacement shifts every two decades through the building lifespan. It was also found that the condominium operating expenses vary according to the building age and building characteristics. Direct variation, inverse variation, and joint variation from the characteristics of the condominium building can be identified. The findings add to the understanding of condominium operating expenses based on building characteristics. The study can provide a reference for consideration of building selection criteria and replacement plans, and for building budget planning based on age and building characteristics.
{"title":"Influence of Building Characteristics and Building Lifespan on Condominium Operating Expenses","authors":"Sittiporn Issarasak, Sarich Chotipanich, M. Pitt","doi":"10.54028/nj202120114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120114","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an exploration of building lifespan, building characteristics, and operating expenses. The main objectives are to identify the building component lifespan, including architectural components and engineering components, to determine the pattern of building component replacement life cycle and to examine the relationship between building characteristics and facility operating expenses. The investigation was undertaken through a study of thirty-nine residential condominiums located in Bangkok. The expense data were collected through document searches and surveys with key juristic persons of each condominium. The building service life document was collected from international references and standards. The data were examined using cross-case analysis to identify the lifespan of the buildings and to identify the relationships between the condominium operating expenses and the characteristics of the buildings. It was found that the typical building replacements occur on a broad 60-year cycle that can be subdivided into several phases. Further findings indicate that a significant pattern of building component replacement shifts every two decades through the building lifespan. It was also found that the condominium operating expenses vary according to the building age and building characteristics. Direct variation, inverse variation, and joint variation from the characteristics of the condominium building can be identified. The findings add to the understanding of condominium operating expenses based on building characteristics. The study can provide a reference for consideration of building selection criteria and replacement plans, and for building budget planning based on age and building characteristics. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87081064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chomchon Fusinpaiboon, T. Coomans, Pirasri Povatong
This paper examines the modernization of Thai architecture through the establishment of Thailand’s first architecture school, its curriculum, its architecture, and the pivotal role of the first generation of Thai architecture professors, who had been educated in England and France. It demonstrates how the establishment of the Faculty of Architecture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, stemmed from the Siamese government’s growing nationalism that aimed to end foreign domination in both Siam’s construction industry and international diplomacy. The process, however, involved the adoption of a western curriculum — which was considered modern — and adapting it to be more Thai for nationalist purposes. This also required support by employing a foreign professor in architecture: Lucien Coppé, a Belgian architect who was responsible for both upgrading the school’s curriculum and the design of its first permanent building in 1938. Furthermore, some aspects of the western curriculum were not intended to be adapted but were hybridized due to the constraints of the modernizing nation. The establishment and construction of the Faculty of Architecture, Chulalongkorn University, are examples of how art, science, and education were intertwined in both national and global politics in the 1930s.
{"title":"Nationalism and the Modernisation of Thai Architectural Education at Chulalongkorn University in the 1920s and 1930s","authors":"Chomchon Fusinpaiboon, T. Coomans, Pirasri Povatong","doi":"10.54028/nj202120112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120112","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the modernization of Thai architecture through the establishment of Thailand’s first architecture school, its curriculum, its architecture, and the pivotal role of the first generation of Thai architecture professors, who had been educated in England and France. It demonstrates how the establishment of the Faculty of Architecture, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, stemmed from the Siamese government’s growing nationalism that aimed to end foreign domination in both Siam’s construction industry and international diplomacy. The process, however, involved the adoption of a western curriculum — which was considered modern — and adapting it to be more Thai for nationalist purposes. This also required support by employing a foreign professor in architecture: Lucien Coppé, a Belgian architect who was responsible for both upgrading the school’s curriculum and the design of its first permanent building in 1938. Furthermore, some aspects of the western curriculum were not intended to be adapted but were hybridized due to the constraints of the modernizing nation. The establishment and construction of the Faculty of Architecture, Chulalongkorn University, are examples of how art, science, and education were intertwined in both national and global politics in the 1930s. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78065902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tarnrawee Ngamsiriudom, Terdsak Tachakitkachorn, M. Attavanich, Chalumpon Thawanaphong, Piyathida Saikhun
Cultural Housing Network Project under collaboration by The Department of National Park, Pidthong Foundation and Chulalongkorn University has been initiated as a social engagement to solve conflicts between the Department of National Park and Primitive Karen tribe villagers in this prohibited area. Treatment bamboo for multi-utilizing and pre-establishing of village working group for cultural promotion has been raised as the key success factors, in parallel with trial and error activity for natural and cultural tourism. These were engaged to reconstruct the village pride of their local wisdom and widen up the job opportunity for their next generation, under restricted regulation by the Department of National Park and long-term distrustful conflicts between both sides. Chulalongkorn University and Pidthong Foundation, as the academic and NPO sectors, have to retain their neutral stances by following up a consensus roadmap of sustainable engagement plan, to counter measurement with any unexpected emerging pressures from both sides.
{"title":"Sustainable Engagement with Indigenous Settlements in Prohibited Areas: Case Study of Karen Tribe Villagers in the Kaengkrachan Forest Complex, Thailand","authors":"Tarnrawee Ngamsiriudom, Terdsak Tachakitkachorn, M. Attavanich, Chalumpon Thawanaphong, Piyathida Saikhun","doi":"10.54028/nj202120111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120111","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural Housing Network Project under collaboration by The Department of National Park, Pidthong Foundation and Chulalongkorn University has been initiated as a social engagement to solve conflicts between the Department of National Park and Primitive Karen tribe villagers in this prohibited area. Treatment bamboo for multi-utilizing and pre-establishing of village working group for cultural promotion has been raised as the key success factors, in parallel with trial and error activity for natural and cultural tourism. These were engaged to reconstruct the village pride of their local wisdom and widen up the job opportunity for their next generation, under restricted regulation by the Department of National Park and long-term distrustful conflicts between both sides. Chulalongkorn University and Pidthong Foundation, as the academic and NPO sectors, have to retain their neutral stances by following up a consensus roadmap of sustainable engagement plan, to counter measurement with any unexpected emerging pressures from both sides.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81262485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the reign of King Rama V (1868-1910) to King Rama VI (1910-1925), Chiang Mai City Halls were developed from local Lanna to Siam-Western style. This study revealed the political reasons that Chiang Mai City Hall (former) was a Western-style building mixed with a local style. At present, this Chiang Mai City Hall is converted into Chiang Mai City Arts & Cultural Center. The Chiang Mai City Hall was once a large-scale City Hall and ranked the status to be the Monthon Payap (Northern region) City Hall. Therefore, it was one of the significant buildings of a whole Lanna. This research was to raise a question about the style of Chiang Mai City Hall (former) regarding the reasons for its construction of the Western-style building in the center of Chiang Mai City. This research also provided the answers through its comparative studies on the styles of city halls in Thailand from the reign of King Rama V (1868-1910) to the end of the reign of King Rama VI (1910-1925), including social events and politics in each particular period. It found that Chiang Mai City Hall (former) was constructed in line with the standard patterns of city halls in that period from Bangkok whereas the reasons for such Western-style building stemmed from the popularity of such particular styles since the reign of King Rama V for political reasons. The Western-style building of that city hall was therefore chosen through the reasons and preference of centralized power in Bangkok to be constructed in Chiang Mai. For this reason, to consider the style of this building, Siamese had played an important role to influence Chiang Mai city hall over the Western-Style itself.
{"title":"Chiang Mai City Hall: Western or Siamese Architecture in Lanna","authors":"Piyadech Arkarapotiwong","doi":"10.54028/nj202120104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120104","url":null,"abstract":"During the reign of King Rama V (1868-1910) to King Rama VI (1910-1925), Chiang Mai City Halls were developed from local Lanna to Siam-Western style. This study revealed the political reasons that Chiang Mai City Hall (former) was a Western-style building mixed with a local style. At present, this Chiang Mai City Hall is converted into Chiang Mai City Arts & Cultural Center. The Chiang Mai City Hall was once a large-scale City Hall and ranked the status to be the Monthon Payap (Northern region) City Hall. Therefore, it was one of the significant buildings of a whole Lanna. This research was to raise a question about the style of Chiang Mai City Hall (former) regarding the reasons for its construction of the Western-style building in the center of Chiang Mai City. This research also provided the answers through its comparative studies on the styles of city halls in Thailand from the reign of King Rama V (1868-1910) to the end of the reign of King Rama VI (1910-1925), including social events and politics in each particular period. It found that Chiang Mai City Hall (former) was constructed in line with the standard patterns of city halls in that period from Bangkok whereas the reasons for such Western-style building stemmed from the popularity of such particular styles since the reign of King Rama V for political reasons. The Western-style building of that city hall was therefore chosen through the reasons and preference of centralized power in Bangkok to be constructed in Chiang Mai. For this reason, to consider the style of this building, Siamese had played an important role to influence Chiang Mai city hall over the Western-Style itself. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84197370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to explore ways in which contemporary vernacular houses can be created to be responsive to environmental, socio-cultural, and economic conditions. Within the selected three provinces of Chachoengsao, Prachinburi and Nakhon Nayok, our goal was to propose possible prototypes for contemporary vernacular houses that respond to current requirements while still sustaining their regional characteristics. Current problems and changing housing demands were studied along with input from local people. From field surveys and focus groups, the research found that neither “traditional” nor “modern” solutions will suffice, so the prototypes need to strike a balance between these models. Outcomes developed from this study involve house prototypes that are not models to be strictly copied, but possible creative guidelines which allow their owners to truly adapt to and transform for the future.
{"title":"Adaptive Vernacular: A Search for Future Houses in Eastern Region of Thailand","authors":"Tonkao Panin, Tanakarn Mokkhasmita","doi":"10.54028/nj202120113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120113","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore ways in which contemporary vernacular houses can be created to be responsive to environmental, socio-cultural, and economic conditions. Within the selected three provinces of Chachoengsao, Prachinburi and Nakhon Nayok, our goal was to propose possible prototypes for contemporary vernacular houses that respond to current requirements while still sustaining their regional characteristics. Current problems and changing housing demands were studied along with input from local people. From field surveys and focus groups, the research found that neither “traditional” nor “modern” solutions will suffice, so the prototypes need to strike a balance between these models. Outcomes developed from this study involve house prototypes that are not models to be strictly copied, but possible creative guidelines which allow their owners to truly adapt to and transform for the future. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77286319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many ethnic groups with unique cultures exist in Indonesia, but their vernacular architecture and living cultures need to be supported to ensure sustainability. One example of how a more anthropological approach to the design and planning of the built environment requires a better understanding is the study of the living culture of indigenous communities. Unsurprisingly, an ethnographic approach is critical to studying these communities' architecture and living culture in Indonesia. This study aims to outline the main principles of the ethnographic approach and review the implementation of these principles in previous studies on the vernacular architecture of indigenous communities in Indonesia. A comparative analysis of four case studies shows that each study has implemented the approach's main principles contextually. The results showed that the four case studies utilized observation and interviews to collect field data in slightly different terms. Although each case study's objectives, focus, and issues were different, the researchers managed to provide a cultural portrait that included the participants' views (emic) and the researcher's opinions (etic). The similarities between the four communities are religious or belief systems affecting the architecture and living culture, which are cultural aspects that significantly affect each case as part of the findings embodied in themes resulting from interpretation. These results can help to develop guidelines for designers and planners working in indigenous communities. Through ethnographic studies, architects and planners can understand indigenous communities' point of view (etic) to integrate their perspectives (emic) when working hand in hand with the community.
{"title":"Ethnographic Approach for Research on Vernacular Architecture: Four Case Studies of Indigenous Communities in Indonesia","authors":"A. Hariyanto, I. Sudradjat, S. Triyadi","doi":"10.54028/nj202120108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120108","url":null,"abstract":"Many ethnic groups with unique cultures exist in Indonesia, but their vernacular architecture and living cultures need to be supported to ensure sustainability. One example of how a more anthropological approach to the design and planning of the built environment requires a better understanding is the study of the living culture of indigenous communities. Unsurprisingly, an ethnographic approach is critical to studying these communities' architecture and living culture in Indonesia. This study aims to outline the main principles of the ethnographic approach and review the implementation of these principles in previous studies on the vernacular architecture of indigenous communities in Indonesia. A comparative analysis of four case studies shows that each study has implemented the approach's main principles contextually. The results showed that the four case studies utilized observation and interviews to collect field data in slightly different terms. Although each case study's objectives, focus, and issues were different, the researchers managed to provide a cultural portrait that included the participants' views (emic) and the researcher's opinions (etic). The similarities between the four communities are religious or belief systems affecting the architecture and living culture, which are cultural aspects that significantly affect each case as part of the findings embodied in themes resulting from interpretation. These results can help to develop guidelines for designers and planners working in indigenous communities. Through ethnographic studies, architects and planners can understand indigenous communities' point of view (etic) to integrate their perspectives (emic) when working hand in hand with the community. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76105225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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