This study addresses the goals, reasons, and necessities of analyzing the effects of climate responsive strategies and adaptive behavior on thermal comfort in the indoor environments of vernacular architecture. For this purpose, 86 studies were reviewed, including 71 studies about climate responsive strategies and 15 others about adaptive behavior in vernacular architecture and dwellings that were carried out between 2000 and 2018. The research methodology included a statistical survey and analysis of necessities and goals of the studies reviewed in this paper. To this end, the designated studies were analyzed and reviewed from different aspects, such as the history and process of formation, keywords, goals, reasons, and necessities of research. According to the findings, the most important research goals of climate responsive strategies include (1) analyzing the thermal performance of buildings, and (2) identifying the effects of these strategies on the thermal quality of indoor environments. Moreover, the most prominent research goals of adaptive behaviors in vernacular architecture and residences include (1) evaluating thermal comfort, (2) identifying and analyzing adaptive methods and behaviors, and (3) identifying the existing obstacles. The research necessities of these two areas can also be divided into three sections, i.e. identification of advantages, practical reasons, and addressing research gaps. Another research finding was identification of the concepts pertaining to these two areas.
{"title":"Effects of Climate Responsive Strategies and Adaptive Behavior of Occupants on Thermal Comfort in Indoor Environments of Vernacular Architecture: A Review of Necessities and Goals","authors":"Mohammad Ali Sargazi, M. Tahbaz","doi":"10.54028/nj202221210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221210","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the goals, reasons, and necessities of analyzing the effects of climate responsive strategies and adaptive behavior on thermal comfort in the indoor environments of vernacular architecture. For this purpose, 86 studies were reviewed, including 71 studies about climate responsive strategies and 15 others about adaptive behavior in vernacular architecture and dwellings that were carried out between 2000 and 2018. The research methodology included a statistical survey and analysis of necessities and goals of the studies reviewed in this paper. To this end, the designated studies were analyzed and reviewed from different aspects, such as the history and process of formation, keywords, goals, reasons, and necessities of research. \u0000According to the findings, the most important research goals of climate responsive strategies include (1) analyzing the thermal performance of buildings, and (2) identifying the effects of these strategies on the thermal quality of indoor environments. Moreover, the most prominent research goals of adaptive behaviors in vernacular architecture and residences include (1) evaluating thermal comfort, (2) identifying and analyzing adaptive methods and behaviors, and (3) identifying the existing obstacles. The research necessities of these two areas can also be divided into three sections, i.e. identification of advantages, practical reasons, and addressing research gaps. Another research finding was identification of the concepts pertaining to these two areas. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76057184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multilayer materials of built-in furniture components emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the indoor environment. Although many green building rating systems have set criteria for indoor environments, typical buildings in Thailand have not implemented these requirements, especially for local furniture. This study aimed to identify the magnitude of VOC emissions and the relationships between these VOC emissions and inner structures, finishing techniques used for built-in components, and the cost of interior built-in furniture built by local contractors. A total of 33 specimens of built-in components normally found in Thailand were prepared and wrapped in plastic before being transported to the test facility. The total volatile organic compound (TVOC) and formaldehyde (HCHO) emission rates were measured using emission test chambers, as per the ISO 16000-9 standard, with a size of 0.21 m³, at a temperature of 23 °C, a relative humidity of 45%, an air exchange rate of 0.5 ACH, and a loading factor of 0.42 m²m-³. The measurements were conducted 3 days and 28 days after the specimens were unwrapped. It was found that specimens finished with coating techniques had the highest TVOC and HCHO emission rates, while those with single-layer materials that used covering techniques had the lowest TVOC and HCHO emission rates. The covering techniques were found to be cheaper but less durable than coating techniques. All specimens exhibited high emission concentrations in the chambers (i.e., more than the standard limit) even after 28 days. This should help raise awareness of the importance of selecting built-in furniture based on finishing techniques that make use of low-VOC materials, which are available on the market and provide better indoor air quality.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of TVOC and HCHO Emissions From Various Multilayer Built-in Furniture Components Based on ISO 16000-9:2006 Emission Test Chamber Methods","authors":"Thanawadee Saengphet, C. Yimprayoon","doi":"10.54028/nj202221205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221205","url":null,"abstract":"Multilayer materials of built-in furniture components emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the indoor environment. Although many green building rating systems have set criteria for indoor environments, typical buildings in Thailand have not implemented these requirements, especially for local furniture. This study aimed to identify the magnitude of VOC emissions and the relationships between these VOC emissions and inner structures, finishing techniques used for built-in components, and the cost of interior built-in furniture built by local contractors. A total of 33 specimens of built-in components normally found in Thailand were prepared and wrapped in plastic before being transported to the test facility. The total volatile organic compound (TVOC) and formaldehyde (HCHO) emission rates were measured using emission test chambers, as per the ISO 16000-9 standard, with a size of 0.21 m³, at a temperature of 23 °C, a relative humidity of 45%, an air exchange rate of 0.5 ACH, and a loading factor of 0.42 m²m-³. The measurements were conducted 3 days and 28 days after the specimens were unwrapped. It was found that specimens finished with coating techniques had the highest TVOC and HCHO emission rates, while those with single-layer materials that used covering techniques had the lowest TVOC and HCHO emission rates. The covering techniques were found to be cheaper but less durable than coating techniques. All specimens exhibited high emission concentrations in the chambers (i.e., more than the standard limit) even after 28 days. This should help raise awareness of the importance of selecting built-in furniture based on finishing techniques that make use of low-VOC materials, which are available on the market and provide better indoor air quality.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75182075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How can architecture be taught internationally, beyond the neocolonialist tendency of European-based international exchange programs? Curartistry, a method of curating everyday artistry in Bangkok, is used to achieve bilateral exchanges in art and architectural education between teachers and students of different nationalities. We offer interpretations of late-nineteenth-century and post-war ideas of “everyday life,” based especially on Charles Baudelaire’s “The Painter of Modern Life,” Henry Lefebvre’s “Critique of Everyday Life,” Maurice Blanchot and Susan Hanson’s “Everyday Speech,” and Walter Benjamin’s “On Some Motifs in Baudelaire.” Their ideas grew out of their experiences in Western European metropolises, and continue to reflect similar conditions in twenty-first-century Bangkok. In addition to these literary works, Henry W. Lawrence’s City Trees: A Historical Geography from the Renaissance through the Nineteenth Century has been useful in the development of our workshop entitled, “Curartistry: Trees in Bangkok.” Curartistry is a practice in which particular elements of a city are researched and recorded in drawing and photography. We invite students to visit overlooked sites, landscapes, and trees in Bangkok, and then to write and rewrite until a particular object or installation emerges from redrafting their experiences. These records lead to the proposal of projects, whether artistically, architecturally or otherwise crafted. Once a proposal takes on the form of a project, its existence as a project, rather than as a finished artwork or artefact, is what lends the project criteria for judging it. Outcomes from these projects typically take the form of an elementary installation or exhibition, presented by individual students to guest critics. In this article, we discuss the processes of work, and how everyday artistry in Bangkok is curated in relation to the selected ideas of “everyday life” that transcend time and place, as well as the construction of our method of work. Curartistry is a key way in which we are addressing fundamental issues of city life such as social inequality, nature, ecological crises, labour, and materiality. The final outcomes often address a number of issues, such as the intense relationship between nature and city, dramatic effects in light and colour, transplantation, or tree names in relation to Thai beliefs in fortune. It is hoped that this attempt to systematically document the subjective experiences of urban life will be read as a contribution to global architectural education.
{"title":"Curartistry: Curating Everyday Artistry in Bangkok","authors":"Chittawadi Chitrabongs","doi":"10.54028/nj202221208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221208","url":null,"abstract":"How can architecture be taught internationally, beyond the neocolonialist tendency of European-based international exchange programs? Curartistry, a method of curating everyday artistry in Bangkok, is used to achieve bilateral exchanges in art and architectural education between teachers and students of different nationalities. We offer interpretations of late-nineteenth-century and post-war ideas of “everyday life,” based especially on Charles Baudelaire’s “The Painter of Modern Life,” Henry Lefebvre’s “Critique of Everyday Life,” Maurice Blanchot and Susan Hanson’s “Everyday Speech,” and Walter Benjamin’s “On Some Motifs in Baudelaire.” Their ideas grew out of their experiences in Western European metropolises, and continue to reflect similar conditions in twenty-first-century Bangkok. In addition to these literary works, Henry W. Lawrence’s City Trees: A Historical Geography from the Renaissance through the Nineteenth Century has been useful in the development of our workshop entitled, “Curartistry: Trees in Bangkok.” \u0000Curartistry is a practice in which particular elements of a city are researched and recorded in drawing and photography. We invite students to visit overlooked sites, landscapes, and trees in Bangkok, and then to write and rewrite until a particular object or installation emerges from redrafting their experiences. These records lead to the proposal of projects, whether artistically, architecturally or otherwise crafted. Once a proposal takes on the form of a project, its existence as a project, rather than as a finished artwork or artefact, is what lends the project criteria for judging it. Outcomes from these projects typically take the form of an elementary installation or exhibition, presented by individual students to guest critics. \u0000In this article, we discuss the processes of work, and how everyday artistry in Bangkok is curated in relation to the selected ideas of “everyday life” that transcend time and place, as well as the construction of our method of work. Curartistry is a key way in which we are addressing fundamental issues of city life such as social inequality, nature, ecological crises, labour, and materiality. The final outcomes often address a number of issues, such as the intense relationship between nature and city, dramatic effects in light and colour, transplantation, or tree names in relation to Thai beliefs in fortune. It is hoped that this attempt to systematically document the subjective experiences of urban life will be read as a contribution to global architectural education. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87142120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The profession of landscape architecture has been firmly established in Thailand and has continued to flourish for over 40 years. Throughout this time, landscape architecture has made important contributions in improving environments, the people’s quality of life, and the aesthetics of Thailand’s cities and communities. This research discusses the development of the landscape architecture profession and design concepts in Thailand from the beginning to present to understand how landscape architecture has been cultivated through the processes of adaptation and appropriation. The major contents of this research were obtained from the analysis of interviews conducted with 20 practitioners of landscape architecture firms in Thailand. The topics of discussion include multiple factors affecting the concepts, styles, and typologies of landscape architectural design. The results show that landscape architecture in Thailand has developed in parallel with global design trends since the beginning of this profession. However, contextual factors, particularly socio-economic, political, and environmental issues, also affected the variation of project types and detailed designs. These trends and factors help foster the richness of landscape architecture in Thailand.
{"title":"The Development of Modern Landscape Architecture in Thailand","authors":"Navanath Osiri","doi":"10.54028/nj202221206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221206","url":null,"abstract":"The profession of landscape architecture has been firmly established in Thailand and has continued to flourish for over 40 years. Throughout this time, landscape architecture has made important contributions in improving environments, the people’s quality of life, and the aesthetics of Thailand’s cities and communities. This research discusses the development of the landscape architecture profession and design concepts in Thailand from the beginning to present to understand how landscape architecture has been cultivated through the processes of adaptation and appropriation. \u0000The major contents of this research were obtained from the analysis of interviews conducted with 20 practitioners of landscape architecture firms in Thailand. The topics of discussion include multiple factors affecting the concepts, styles, and typologies of landscape architectural design. \u0000The results show that landscape architecture in Thailand has developed in parallel with global design trends since the beginning of this profession. However, contextual factors, particularly socio-economic, political, and environmental issues, also affected the variation of project types and detailed designs. These trends and factors help foster the richness of landscape architecture in Thailand. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81131524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Chiang Mai’s old town district, there are many monasteries that are still standing, some ‘living’ and some abandoned. These abandoned monasteries stand in the modern environment without any direct policymaking from the official stakeholders concerning their upkeep or protection. In this way, the remains of abandoned sacred places face a hostile environment and their survival is threatened. Each place is used in various ways, such as being utilized for government offices, being used as sacred places of elementary schools, or existing among poor communities; some are in the process of being revitalized. Most of the problems they face involve local people and how long-term management of these locations can be secured. This study intends to elucidate the 2006 procedure of the Thai government Fine Arts Department (FAD) with respect to the ten abandoned monasteries of old town Chiang Mai. Chiang Mai’s authenticity and cultural identity are crucial. People’s understanding and interpretation about these key aspects of the city fluctuate and depend on the different ‘goals’ of the stakeholders. Seeking to understand Chiang Mai’s true identity might be for a key factor in sustainable development of not only in tourism, but also the lives of local residents, and cultural heritage protection.
{"title":"Conflicts in Managing Chiang Mai’s Abandoned Monasteries","authors":"Tanwutta Thaisuntad","doi":"10.54028/nj202221204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221204","url":null,"abstract":"In Chiang Mai’s old town district, there are many monasteries that are still standing, some ‘living’ and some abandoned. These abandoned monasteries stand in the modern environment without any direct policymaking from the official stakeholders concerning their upkeep or protection. In this way, the remains of abandoned sacred places face a hostile environment and their survival is threatened. Each place is used in various ways, such as being utilized for government offices, being used as sacred places of elementary schools, or existing among poor communities; some are in the process of being revitalized. Most of the problems they face involve local people and how long-term management of these locations can be secured. This study intends to elucidate the 2006 procedure of the Thai government Fine Arts Department (FAD) with respect to the ten abandoned monasteries of old town Chiang Mai. \u0000Chiang Mai’s authenticity and cultural identity are crucial. People’s understanding and interpretation about these key aspects of the city fluctuate and depend on the different ‘goals’ of the stakeholders. Seeking to understand Chiang Mai’s true identity might be for a key factor in sustainable development of not only in tourism, but also the lives of local residents, and cultural heritage protection. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90423612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contemporary semi-open educational atrium buildings in Southeast Asia are among the most provocative sustainable buildings in tropical architecture. Since the qualities of natural environments inside atriums promote well-being and academic performance, passive and biophilic design strategies are applied to optimize the thermal and visual performances of the buildings. This research aims to assess four selected case studies in Bangkok in order to discover how the atrium elements affect the qualities of the inside natural environmental conditions, and recommend guidelines for semi-open atrium design. The most important natural environment indices are air temperature, radiation, humidity, airspeed, daylight, green area, view in and view out. The research methodology is as follows: Firstly, assess the natural environmental conditions of the case study atriums on-site during summer. Secondly, analyze the thermal and visual performances of the semi-open atriums. Then, find the linkages between the atrium element designs and the qualities of natural environmental conditions. Lastly, recommend passive and biophilic design guidelines for semi-open atriums. The on-site assessment results indicate that all case study atriums perform well above average, although each case study uncovered both pros and cons. The research results showed that: 1) The amount of heat gain and daylight factor depend mostly on the percentage of roof opening (skylight) and the sizes and proportions of the atriums. 2) Relative humidity inside the buildings is reduced by natural ventilation during the daytime. 3) The most effective air velocity is from cross ventilation. 4) Quality of views depends on the openness of the atrium on the ground floor. 5) Biophilic quality depends mainly on the amount of indoor green area. At the end of the research, design recommendations for semi-open educational atrium buildings in the tropics are provided.
{"title":"Passive and Biophilic Design: Assessment of the Semi-Open Educational Atrium Buildings in the Tropics","authors":"Songpol Atthakorn","doi":"10.54028/nj202221203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221203","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary semi-open educational atrium buildings in Southeast Asia are among the most provocative sustainable buildings in tropical architecture. Since the qualities of natural environments inside atriums promote well-being and academic performance, passive and biophilic design strategies are applied to optimize the thermal and visual performances of the buildings. This research aims to assess four selected case studies in Bangkok in order to discover how the atrium elements affect the qualities of the inside natural environmental conditions, and recommend guidelines for semi-open atrium design. The most important natural environment indices are air temperature, radiation, humidity, airspeed, daylight, green area, view in and view out. The research methodology is as follows: Firstly, assess the natural environmental conditions of the case study atriums on-site during summer. Secondly, analyze the thermal and visual performances of the semi-open atriums. Then, find the linkages between the atrium element designs and the qualities of natural environmental conditions. Lastly, recommend passive and biophilic design guidelines for semi-open atriums. The on-site assessment results indicate that all case study atriums perform well above average, although each case study uncovered both pros and cons. The research results showed that: 1) The amount of heat gain and daylight factor depend mostly on the percentage of roof opening (skylight) and the sizes and proportions of the atriums. 2) Relative humidity inside the buildings is reduced by natural ventilation during the daytime. 3) The most effective air velocity is from cross ventilation. 4) Quality of views depends on the openness of the atrium on the ground floor. 5) Biophilic quality depends mainly on the amount of indoor green area. At the end of the research, design recommendations for semi-open educational atrium buildings in the tropics are provided. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79025894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endoscopists and medical practitioners of the Thai Association of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (TAGE) have raised critical concerns regarding vast variations in the design of endoscopy facilities. This study presents an overview of the design of gastrointestinal endoscopy units in Thailand. The case studies include six endoscopy units from four major public hospitals in Bangkok. The research methodology comprises three main parts. The first part is based on a literature review of international and local architectural design guidelines to understand and justify the research framework. The second part includes walk-through observations and documentation of the current condition. Finally, the obtained data were compared and analyzed using the framework derived from the literature review. The findings identified variations among case studies in three main aspects: (1) functional area requirements, (2) functional relationship and circulations for traffic flow, (3) detailed functional requirements. One of the causes of these design variations is related to the lack of local design guidelines. The findings support the need for design guideline establishment and implementation to ensure efficacy and safety, especially on the future adaptive reuse buildings that would turn into endoscopic units. Another noticeable finding is the circulation traffic flow planning of separation between dirty and clean corridors. Further research suggests investigating the potential and risk of implementing the non-separating corridors for more efficient use of space. The development of local design guidelines, including the three mentioned aspects with the adjustment to the local context, would be highly beneficial to the healthcare system.
{"title":"The Design of Physical Components of Endoscopy Units: A Case Study of Four Major Public Hospitals in Thailand","authors":"Chatchai Wiriyakraikul, Wasita Amatyakul, Kawin Dhanakoses","doi":"10.54028/nj202221202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221202","url":null,"abstract":"Endoscopists and medical practitioners of the Thai Association of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (TAGE) have raised critical concerns regarding vast variations in the design of endoscopy facilities. This study presents an overview of the design of gastrointestinal endoscopy units in Thailand. The case studies include six endoscopy units from four major public hospitals in Bangkok. The research methodology comprises three main parts. The first part is based on a literature review of international and local architectural design guidelines to understand and justify the research framework. The second part includes walk-through observations and documentation of the current condition. Finally, the obtained data were compared and analyzed using the framework derived from the literature review. The findings identified variations among case studies in three main aspects: (1) functional area requirements, (2) functional relationship and circulations for traffic flow, (3) detailed functional requirements. One of the causes of these design variations is related to the lack of local design guidelines. The findings support the need for design guideline establishment and implementation to ensure efficacy and safety, especially on the future adaptive reuse buildings that would turn into endoscopic units. Another noticeable finding is the circulation traffic flow planning of separation between dirty and clean corridors. Further research suggests investigating the potential and risk of implementing the non-separating corridors for more efficient use of space. The development of local design guidelines, including the three mentioned aspects with the adjustment to the local context, would be highly beneficial to the healthcare system. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75485776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public and private spaces are of equal importance in promoting social interaction and ensuring self-contemplation for users of student housing. This research aims to establish the right balance among the public and private spaces as it is arguably one of the difficulties in housing design. A housing design is proposed for students of Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, analyzed, and justified following the research findings to derive the desired balance between the public and private spaces. Several sets of literature of related work are undertaken as part of the qualitative design. At the same time, space syntax is used as a quantitative method to justify and finalize the findings. Accessibility, inclusiveness, visibility, and use of the space are the factors found responsible for identifying the degree of publicness of the spaces. Here the questioned balance could not be determined merely by using quantitative methodology. The reason lies with the inability of the spaces that could be called solely private or public, followed by the findings in a qualitative way. Henceforth, the balance exists through the in-between public and private spaces, which are also found to be responsible for creating a link and detachments between adjacent spaces. The factors and definitions found in the research can also be used to identify these in-between spaces. Furthermore, the scale used to study each space is also responsible for defining their publicness and, ultimately, the balance.
{"title":"Finding a Balance Between Public and Private Spaces in Student Housing Design in Thailand","authors":"Sajid I Awal","doi":"10.54028/nj202221201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202221201","url":null,"abstract":"Public and private spaces are of equal importance in promoting social interaction and ensuring self-contemplation for users of student housing. This research aims to establish the right balance among the public and private spaces as it is arguably one of the difficulties in housing design. A housing design is proposed for students of Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, analyzed, and justified following the research findings to derive the desired balance between the public and private spaces. Several sets of literature of related work are undertaken as part of the qualitative design. At the same time, space syntax is used as a quantitative method to justify and finalize the findings. Accessibility, inclusiveness, visibility, and use of the space are the factors found responsible for identifying the degree of publicness of the spaces. Here the questioned balance could not be determined merely by using quantitative methodology. The reason lies with the inability of the spaces that could be called solely private or public, followed by the findings in a qualitative way. Henceforth, the balance exists through the in-between public and private spaces, which are also found to be responsible for creating a link and detachments between adjacent spaces. The factors and definitions found in the research can also be used to identify these in-between spaces. Furthermore, the scale used to study each space is also responsible for defining their publicness and, ultimately, the balance.","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87223339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Though the development of green infrastructure in parks in Samut Sakhon province has been continuously implemented, there are still no research studies that have explicitly demonstrated the parks’ potential, nor any public opinions toward the development of urban green infrastructure in the parks that would be productive for the planning to efficiently improve and provide urban green infrastructure. As a result, this study had the following objectives: 1) To analyze the potential and networks of urban green infrastructure in parks in Samut Sakhon province, 2) To analyze the satisfaction of using the services and requirements of the urban green infrastructure development in the parks in Samut Sakhon province, and 3) To propose development guidelines in urban green infrastructure for the parks of Samut Sakhon province. The research instruments comprised a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by using a scalogram. The results found that high-potential parks were not large in size, but they had all the complete components, as well as green infrastructure featured in the attributes of patch, matrix, and mosaic. Nevertheless, the green infrastructure development featured in the attribute of the corridor had disappeared in several sites of the green infrastructure in the parks. Likewise, the green networks of the parks, specifically those in the high-potential category, were not successive by walking. For this reason, the people were mostly satisfied with the convenient accessibility of the parks, but there were the requirements of paving the footpath, improving the landscape, and adding a variety of activities in the parks. Therefore, the development guidelines of urban green infrastructure in the parks should formulate more areas in the attribute of the corridor at the riverside and on the streets, conserve and increase the park areas by allowing public participation in the management, as well as apply urban planning measures to obtain the park area. In addition, a footpath and bike lane should be safely constructed in the high-potential parks. Simultaneously, the landscape should be adjusted in the low- and moderate-potential parks by launching pilot projects in the parks of the governmental agencies.
{"title":"Green Infrastructure Development in Urban Areas: Case Studies of Samutsakhon, Krathumbaen and Banphaeo Municipalities in Samut Sakhon Province","authors":"Waralak Khongouan, Putpunnin Khamwachirapithak","doi":"10.54028/nj202120119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120119","url":null,"abstract":"Though the development of green infrastructure in parks in Samut Sakhon province has been continuously implemented, there are still no research studies that have explicitly demonstrated the parks’ potential, nor any public opinions toward the development of urban green infrastructure in the parks that would be productive for the planning to efficiently improve and provide urban green infrastructure. As a result, this study had the following objectives: 1) To analyze the potential and networks of urban green infrastructure in parks in Samut Sakhon province, 2) To analyze the satisfaction of using the services and requirements of the urban green infrastructure development in the parks in Samut Sakhon province, and 3) To propose development guidelines in urban green infrastructure for the parks of Samut Sakhon province. The research instruments comprised a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by using a scalogram. The results found that high-potential parks were not large in size, but they had all the complete components, as well as green infrastructure featured in the attributes of patch, matrix, and mosaic. Nevertheless, the green infrastructure development featured in the attribute of the corridor had disappeared in several sites of the green infrastructure in the parks. Likewise, the green networks of the parks, specifically those in the high-potential category, were not successive by walking. For this reason, the people were mostly satisfied with the convenient accessibility of the parks, but there were the requirements of paving the footpath, improving the landscape, and adding a variety of activities in the parks. Therefore, the development guidelines of urban green infrastructure in the parks should formulate more areas in the attribute of the corridor at the riverside and on the streets, conserve and increase the park areas by allowing public participation in the management, as well as apply urban planning measures to obtain the park area. In addition, a footpath and bike lane should be safely constructed in the high-potential parks. Simultaneously, the landscape should be adjusted in the low- and moderate-potential parks by launching pilot projects in the parks of the governmental agencies. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82221146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town Community dated a thousand years old from four eras of settlement development. The community is located on an ancient beach ridge that stands until the present day. It also has an image of a community that is unique to any city. Today the community is rapidly expanding, so the importance of the old town’s various elements has been diminished. The research objectives are to analyze Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town Community’s image and landscape and provide suggestions to preserve and develop the community’s image. The methodology is theoretical concepts of the image of the city, urban landscape, historic urban landscape, and urban conservation, including field surveys to identify problems and the community’s awareness. Visual assessments and mapping were also undertaken. Based on the study, the urban conceptual framework emphasizes the five elements of physical perception, whereas the cultural landscape concept focuses on the physical perception of the community’s core components and sub-elements that express specificity of the district, including traditional custom, which is intangible culture and a landscape element as well. The analysis of urban image reveals that Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town Community consists of the path in the area with Ratchadamnoen Road, Karom Road and Pattanakarn Khukwang Road as the main routes, the edge of the community divided by natural boundaries, which are various rivers and by man-made boundaries, which are canals and the old city’s embankments, and the unique district, such as Tha Wang Community, Khaek Market Community, and Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town. The node or activity center is, for example, business activities in Tha Wang Community, Khaek Market Community and Hua It Market Community, and the tourism activities in the old community area around Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan Temple. The prominent landmark from the past to the present is Phra Borommathat Stupda. In addition, the unique physical elements in the old town are groups of large trees. Suggestions on conservation and development are to create awareness of secondary routes to reduce congestion of the main roads and connect to other attractions; to develop the old town’s border from four eras for clearer perception; to promote the main activities within each district; and to have measures to control the height, billboards, old buildings’ styles, and new buildings representing each district’s uniqueness that will not obscure the perception of the community’s landmarks.
Nakhon Si Thammarat老城社区的历史可以追溯到千年前的四个定居点发展时期。该社区位于一个古老的海滩山脊上，直到今天仍然存在。它也有一个社区的形象，是独一无二的任何城市。如今，社区正在迅速扩张，因此老城区各种元素的重要性已经减弱。研究的目的是分析那空西他玛拉老城社区的形象和景观，并提出保护和发展社区形象的建议。方法是城市形象、城市景观、历史城市景观和城市保护的理论概念，包括实地调查，以确定问题和社区的意识。还进行了目视评估和绘图。基于研究，城市概念框架强调物理感知的五个要素，而文化景观概念则侧重于社区核心组成部分和表达区域特殊性的子元素的物理感知，包括传统习俗，这是一种非物质文化，也是一种景观元素。城市形象分析表明，那空司他玛拉老城社区由以Ratchadamnoen路、Karom路和Pattanakarn Khukwang路为主要路线的区域内的路径组成，社区边缘由各种河流的自然边界和运河和老城堤岸的人工边界划分，以及独特的区域，如Tha Wang社区、Khaek市场社区和那空司他玛拉老城。节点或活动中心，如塔王社区、卡克市场社区、华它市场社区的商业活动，以及Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan寺周边老社区区域的旅游活动。从过去到现在的著名地标是佛寺佛塔。此外，老城区独特的物理元素是成群的大树。有关保育和发展的建议包括:提高人们对次要路线的认识，以减少主要道路的挤塞，并连接其他景点;从四个时代发展老城区的边界，以更清晰的感知;推广各区的主要活动;并采取措施控制高度，广告牌，老建筑的风格，以及代表每个地区独特性的新建筑，而不会掩盖社区地标的感知。
{"title":"The Urban Image Conservation and Development of Nakhon Si Thammarat’s Old Town Community in Thailand","authors":"Wirut Thinnakorn","doi":"10.54028/nj202120120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54028/nj202120120","url":null,"abstract":"Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town Community dated a thousand years old from four eras of settlement development. The community is located on an ancient beach ridge that stands until the present day. It also has an image of a community that is unique to any city. Today the community is rapidly expanding, so the importance of the old town’s various elements has been diminished. The research objectives are to analyze Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town Community’s image and landscape and provide suggestions to preserve and develop the community’s image. The methodology is theoretical concepts of the image of the city, urban landscape, historic urban landscape, and urban conservation, including field surveys to identify problems and the community’s awareness. Visual assessments and mapping were also undertaken. Based on the study, the urban conceptual framework emphasizes the five elements of physical perception, whereas the cultural landscape concept focuses on the physical perception of the community’s core components and sub-elements that express specificity of the district, including traditional custom, which is intangible culture and a landscape element as well. \u0000The analysis of urban image reveals that Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town Community consists of the path in the area with Ratchadamnoen Road, Karom Road and Pattanakarn Khukwang Road as the main routes, the edge of the community divided by natural boundaries, which are various rivers and by man-made boundaries, which are canals and the old city’s embankments, and the unique district, such as Tha Wang Community, Khaek Market Community, and Nakhon Si Thammarat Old Town. The node or activity center is, for example, business activities in Tha Wang Community, Khaek Market Community and Hua It Market Community, and the tourism activities in the old community area around Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan Temple. The prominent landmark from the past to the present is Phra Borommathat Stupda. In addition, the unique physical elements in the old town are groups of large trees. Suggestions on conservation and development are to create awareness of secondary routes to reduce congestion of the main roads and connect to other attractions; to develop the old town’s border from four eras for clearer perception; to promote the main activities within each district; and to have measures to control the height, billboards, old buildings’ styles, and new buildings representing each district’s uniqueness that will not obscure the perception of the community’s landmarks. ","PeriodicalId":36071,"journal":{"name":"Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74759423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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