Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i2.177
M. Adeniyi, O. Fabunmi, O. Olaniyan, Charles Adetunji, S. Seriki
Previous investigations have enumerated the effect of prolonged bipedal orthostasis on body functions. The study investigated the effect of prolonged unipedal orthostasis on electroencephalographical tracings in young adult males. Twenty apparently healthy adult males aged 19-23 years were recruited for the study. Cardiovascular parameters and anthropometric indices were measured prior to the experiment. Exertional distress and orthostatic tolerance time were evaluated using Borg scale (6-20) and stop watch respectively as previously reported. Orthostatic tolerance time was defined as the time interval between assumption of unipedal position and the first perception of distress. Statistical test was done using SPSS 23 and significant difference was accepted at P<0.05. Prolonged unipedal orthostasis was characterised by significant increases in rate of perceived exertion and orthostatic tolerance time when compared with baseline values. During prolonged unipedal orthostasis, the frequency and amplitude of beta wave decreased, while alpha wave frequency and amplitude increased and decreased respectively when compared with the baseline. When compared with left leg orthostasis, there was an increase in alpha wave frequency during right leg orthostasis. Furthermore, stronger correlation coefficients were found between EEG fatigue index and rate of perceived exertion, orthostatic tolerance time, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure during right leg orthostasis. The results of the study showed that prolonged orthostasis modulated electroencephalographic waves with right leg orthostasis characterised by increased alpha wave frequency and increased EEG fatigue index.
{"title":"Electroencephalographic findings of young adult males during prolonged unipedal orthostasis","authors":"M. Adeniyi, O. Fabunmi, O. Olaniyan, Charles Adetunji, S. Seriki","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i2.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i2.177","url":null,"abstract":"Previous investigations have enumerated the effect of prolonged bipedal orthostasis on body functions. The study investigated the effect of prolonged unipedal orthostasis on electroencephalographical tracings in young adult males. Twenty apparently healthy adult males aged 19-23 years were recruited for the study. Cardiovascular parameters and anthropometric indices were measured prior to the experiment. Exertional distress and orthostatic tolerance time were evaluated using Borg scale (6-20) and stop watch respectively as previously reported. Orthostatic tolerance time was defined as the time interval between assumption of unipedal position and the first perception of distress. Statistical test was done using SPSS 23 and significant difference was accepted at P<0.05. Prolonged unipedal orthostasis was characterised by significant increases in rate of perceived exertion and orthostatic tolerance time when compared with baseline values. During prolonged unipedal orthostasis, the frequency and amplitude of beta wave decreased, while alpha wave frequency and amplitude increased and decreased respectively when compared with the baseline. When compared with left leg orthostasis, there was an increase in alpha wave frequency during right leg orthostasis. Furthermore, stronger correlation coefficients were found between EEG fatigue index and rate of perceived exertion, orthostatic tolerance time, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure during right leg orthostasis. The results of the study showed that prolonged orthostasis modulated electroencephalographic waves with right leg orthostasis characterised by increased alpha wave frequency and increased EEG fatigue index.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44898466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.210
G. Portnova, D. Stebakova
The emotional disturbances of individuals with codependency are often ignored. This study aimed to investigate the emotional perception of codependent individuals in four modalities – visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory. An EEG study was performed and presented pleasant and unpleasant stimuli selected by a panel of experts for each modality. Participants (fifteen codependent individuals and fifteen healthy volunteers) were instructed to assess the emotional impact and pleasantness of stimuli. The method of EEG spaces was used to visualize how close perceived stimuli were according to EEG data. The results showed ambivalence of emotional response to emotional stimuli with social component and lack of recognition of emotional tone detected in EEG and behavioral levels. The empathy feeling in codependent individuals was detected for fewer emotional stimuli. The group differences were associated with evolutionary newer modalities (auditory and visual). The lack of emotional perception in codependent subjects was determined by social factors and was detected in visual and auditory modalities, which were more involved in social interactions than olfactory and tactile modalities.
{"title":"The multimodal emotion perception in codependent individuals","authors":"G. Portnova, D. Stebakova","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.210","url":null,"abstract":"The emotional disturbances of individuals with codependency are often ignored. This study aimed to investigate the emotional perception of codependent individuals in four modalities – visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory. An EEG study was performed and presented pleasant and unpleasant stimuli selected by a panel of experts for each modality. Participants (fifteen codependent individuals and fifteen healthy volunteers) were instructed to assess the emotional impact and pleasantness of stimuli. The method of EEG spaces was used to visualize how close perceived stimuli were according to EEG data. The results showed ambivalence of emotional response to emotional stimuli with social component and lack of recognition of emotional tone detected in EEG and behavioral levels. The empathy feeling in codependent individuals was detected for fewer emotional stimuli. The group differences were associated with evolutionary newer modalities (auditory and visual). The lack of emotional perception in codependent subjects was determined by social factors and was detected in visual and auditory modalities, which were more involved in social interactions than olfactory and tactile modalities.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47975226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.167
Bill Wong, Greg Boheler, Sarah Selvaggi Hernandez, Katherine McGinley, An Thi Nguyen, Romina Lynn Reyes, Zipporah Brown
Neurodivergent students are often under-supported in their pursuit of post-secondary education, which can negatively impact engagement and academic outcomes. There is limited research examining the potential of neurodivergent mentorship models within post-secondary education. This opinion piece presents two case studies based on the real-world experiences of neurodivergent mentors and mentees to explore the proposed benefits of neurodivergent mentorship in occupational therapy education. The experiences of neurodivergent mentors and mentees can be used to promote access, equity, inclusivity and justice within healthcare professions.
{"title":"The importance of neurodivergent mentorship for the development of professional identity","authors":"Bill Wong, Greg Boheler, Sarah Selvaggi Hernandez, Katherine McGinley, An Thi Nguyen, Romina Lynn Reyes, Zipporah Brown","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.167","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodivergent students are often under-supported in their pursuit of post-secondary education, which can negatively impact engagement and academic outcomes. There is limited research examining the potential of neurodivergent mentorship models within post-secondary education. This opinion piece presents two case studies based on the real-world experiences of neurodivergent mentors and mentees to explore the proposed benefits of neurodivergent mentorship in occupational therapy education. The experiences of neurodivergent mentors and mentees can be used to promote access, equity, inclusivity and justice within healthcare professions.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45644876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-05DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.179
Izmir Armani Istal Zani, A. A. Abd Hamid, M. H. Senik
This systematic review examines the empirical evidence from previous fMRI studies on brain activation areas for learning and memory patterns for numerals to understand the question of the brain activation areas found from previous fMRI studies on learning and memory patterns for numerals. Relevant articles in the fields of psychology, neuroscience, paediatrics, and education were extracted from the PubMed database. Keyword searches included "learning", "memory", "brain", "digits", "numerals", and "fMRI". The database search was conducted from July 2022 to August 2022. The data collected was limited to English texts, and studies involving animal experiments were excluded. The remaining articles were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles included in this review were selected from the database search between 1999 to 2022. Ten full-text articles were identified and evaluated. Examination of brain activation regions in learning and memory patterns for numerals revealed that 30% of studies (n=3) found activation in the hippocampus, inferior parietal lobe and parietal lobe. Subsequently, 20% of the studies (n=2) found activation in the anterior cingulate, caudate nucleus, cerebellum, frontal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, medial temporal lobe, occipital lobe, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and thalamus. The frontoparietal network is considered important for working memory, while the limbic areas are essential for learning and memory. Therefore, future studies should look more closely at the brain's functional and structural regions involved in learning and a more specific memory system.
{"title":"A systematic review of fMRI studies of healthy adult human brain activation on learning and memory patterns for numerals","authors":"Izmir Armani Istal Zani, A. A. Abd Hamid, M. H. Senik","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.179","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review examines the empirical evidence from previous fMRI studies on brain activation areas for learning and memory patterns for numerals to understand the question of the brain activation areas found from previous fMRI studies on learning and memory patterns for numerals. Relevant articles in the fields of psychology, neuroscience, paediatrics, and education were extracted from the PubMed database. Keyword searches included \"learning\", \"memory\", \"brain\", \"digits\", \"numerals\", and \"fMRI\". The database search was conducted from July 2022 to August 2022. The data collected was limited to English texts, and studies involving animal experiments were excluded. The remaining articles were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles included in this review were selected from the database search between 1999 to 2022. Ten full-text articles were identified and evaluated. Examination of brain activation regions in learning and memory patterns for numerals revealed that 30% of studies (n=3) found activation in the hippocampus, inferior parietal lobe and parietal lobe. Subsequently, 20% of the studies (n=2) found activation in the anterior cingulate, caudate nucleus, cerebellum, frontal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, medial temporal lobe, occipital lobe, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and thalamus. The frontoparietal network is considered important for working memory, while the limbic areas are essential for learning and memory. Therefore, future studies should look more closely at the brain's functional and structural regions involved in learning and a more specific memory system.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45826929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.175
Louisa Voniati, A. Papaleontiou, R. Georgiou, D. Tafiadis
Indications of the communicative abilities of the Rett Syndrome (RTT) are distinct with impending speech-language and communication abilities; thus, assessment is challenging. This review aims to support the clinical work of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) while assessing the communication aptitudes of children with RTT. Adequate consideration should be given to their nonverbal skills since they can demonstrate suitable forms and functions in communication development. During this outlined assessment procedure, attention is drawn to medical and developmental history, informal and formal speech-language evaluation, and analysis of aided language samples while setting up intervention therapy objectives. The assessment procedure in this review describes current principles and methods for nonbiased, appropriate evaluation while providing a beneficial and suitable protocol for the comprehensive communication assessment of RTT.
{"title":"Identifying key aspects of the communicative capabilities of children with Rett syndrome","authors":"Louisa Voniati, A. Papaleontiou, R. Georgiou, D. Tafiadis","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.175","url":null,"abstract":"Indications of the communicative abilities of the Rett Syndrome (RTT) are distinct with impending speech-language and communication abilities; thus, assessment is challenging. This review aims to support the clinical work of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) while assessing the communication aptitudes of children with RTT. Adequate consideration should be given to their nonverbal skills since they can demonstrate suitable forms and functions in communication development. During this outlined assessment procedure, attention is drawn to medical and developmental history, informal and formal speech-language evaluation, and analysis of aided language samples while setting up intervention therapy objectives. The assessment procedure in this review describes current principles and methods for nonbiased, appropriate evaluation while providing a beneficial and suitable protocol for the comprehensive communication assessment of RTT.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46736476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.170
Abdelaziz Lamkaddem, A. J. Idrissi, Z. Souirti
Drawing is an activity that requires visual, emotional, and movement skills. This study compares, for the first time, children's brain activity during drawing on paper versus drawing on a tablet. First, we examined drawing activity in 26 right-handed children using the EEG combined with Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD) and Event-Related Synchronization (ERS) methods. Then, we asked participants to copy a house model where we used a Neurosoft EEG system to record the data and analyse it using the Brainstorm application. Both experimental conditions activate the brain's anterior and posterior cortices, but the activity in the anterior cortices was slightly higher during the drawing on paper than on the tablet. Conversely, compared to the paper condition, brain activity in the posterior cortices was slightly higher while drawing on the tablet.
{"title":"Drawing on paper versus drawing on a tablet: an EEG study","authors":"Abdelaziz Lamkaddem, A. J. Idrissi, Z. Souirti","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.170","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing is an activity that requires visual, emotional, and movement skills. This study compares, for the first time, children's brain activity during drawing on paper versus drawing on a tablet. First, we examined drawing activity in 26 right-handed children using the EEG combined with Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD) and Event-Related Synchronization (ERS) methods. Then, we asked participants to copy a house model where we used a Neurosoft EEG system to record the data and analyse it using the Brainstorm application. Both experimental conditions activate the brain's anterior and posterior cortices, but the activity in the anterior cortices was slightly higher during the drawing on paper than on the tablet. Conversely, compared to the paper condition, brain activity in the posterior cortices was slightly higher while drawing on the tablet.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45840565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.164
Thaarvena Retinasamy, M. Shaikh
Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) in which alterations in the neuronal structure and cellular dysfunction lead to progressive deterioration. Activation of microglia and expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the CNS have become almost synonymous with neuroinflammation. Additionally, the relentless activation of the IL-1 signalling pathway has been linked with the pathogenesis of various CNS disease states, ranging from Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD) to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, a growing body of evidence has inferred that impeding the IL-1 signalling either pharmacologically or genetically in various CNS disease models could reduce neuroinflammation or delay disease progression. This review will therefore aim to study the role of IL-1 in neurodegenerative diseases and highlight the key aspects that warrant IL-1Ra as a promising target for developing a novel treatment for various CNS conditions.
{"title":"Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist and neurodegenerative diseases: the future treatment strategy","authors":"Thaarvena Retinasamy, M. Shaikh","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v6i1.164","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) in which alterations in the neuronal structure and cellular dysfunction lead to progressive deterioration. Activation of microglia and expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the CNS have become almost synonymous with neuroinflammation. Additionally, the relentless activation of the IL-1 signalling pathway has been linked with the pathogenesis of various CNS disease states, ranging from Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD) to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, a growing body of evidence has inferred that impeding the IL-1 signalling either pharmacologically or genetically in various CNS disease models could reduce neuroinflammation or delay disease progression. This review will therefore aim to study the role of IL-1 in neurodegenerative diseases and highlight the key aspects that warrant IL-1Ra as a promising target for developing a novel treatment for various CNS conditions.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43160623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.155
Noha Abd El-Fadeal, S. A. Anber, Hoda A. Elkot, Ghada Maged, Imani Saeed, Marwa M Negm, Menna Allah Abdelsamad, Asmaa El-bakri, Wael Mohamed
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019-2020, the highly contiguous disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread worldwide in a short life span causing a disastrous effect and nearly 5.8 million deaths until February 2022. This global health crisis caused concerns about the disease's aetiology, epidemiology, and management. Understanding the virus's long- and short-term consequences on diverse human body organs and systems was one of the scientist's concerns despite the virus' respiratory system principal effect. Thus, after reporting neurological symptoms in approximately one-third of hospitalised patients with COVID-19, demonstrating how COVID-19 infects the central nervous system (CNS), causing neurodegenerative diseases in various patients and how the virus affects CNS function became quintessential. There are various mechanisms for COVID-19 pathophysiology, some implicating the potential virus invasion of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Trans-synaptic and hematogenous routes are the main routes for the virus to pass through the barrier. Binding to the BBB endothelial cells is causing significant alterations in the permeability and integrity properties of the barrier, which cause an elevation of the incidence rate of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis among COVI-19 patients. COVID-19 patients developed neurological manifestations ranging from mild symptoms to severe diseases such as headache and loss of smell, encephalitis and CNS-mediated respiratory distress. However, encephalitis is not a common complication, and it has a significant mortality rate in severely ill patients due to the hyperactivation of the host immune response. Although more investigations are needed, severe COVID- 19 patients are considered at a high risk of neurodegenerative disorder as a long-term consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
{"title":"COVID-19 and the central nervous system: What is the interplay?","authors":"Noha Abd El-Fadeal, S. A. Anber, Hoda A. Elkot, Ghada Maged, Imani Saeed, Marwa M Negm, Menna Allah Abdelsamad, Asmaa El-bakri, Wael Mohamed","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.155","url":null,"abstract":"Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019-2020, the highly contiguous disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread worldwide in a short life span causing a disastrous effect and nearly 5.8 million deaths until February 2022. This global health crisis caused concerns about the disease's aetiology, epidemiology, and management. Understanding the virus's long- and short-term consequences on diverse human body organs and systems was one of the scientist's concerns despite the virus' respiratory system principal effect. Thus, after reporting neurological symptoms in approximately one-third of hospitalised patients with COVID-19, demonstrating how COVID-19 infects the central nervous system (CNS), causing neurodegenerative diseases in various patients and how the virus affects CNS function became quintessential. There are various mechanisms for COVID-19 pathophysiology, some implicating the potential virus invasion of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Trans-synaptic and hematogenous routes are the main routes for the virus to pass through the barrier. Binding to the BBB endothelial cells is causing significant alterations in the permeability and integrity properties of the barrier, which cause an elevation of the incidence rate of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis among COVI-19 patients. COVID-19 patients developed neurological manifestations ranging from mild symptoms to severe diseases such as headache and loss of smell, encephalitis and CNS-mediated respiratory distress. However, encephalitis is not a common complication, and it has a significant mortality rate in severely ill patients due to the hyperactivation of the host immune response. Although more investigations are needed, severe COVID- 19 patients are considered at a high risk of neurodegenerative disorder as a long-term consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41634748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.178
M. Jahanaray, Ali Jahanaray, Zahra Zohoorian
Speech might be one of the best inventions of human beings due to its critical communicative role in individuals' daily lives. Hence any study about it is valuable. To our knowledge, merely three studies focused on brain regions' associations with speech production were published more than eighteen years ago; furthermore, research on the brain areas associated with speech production is currently insufficient. The present review aims to provide information about all brain areas contributing to speech production to update the knowledge of brain areas related to speech production. The current study confirms earlier claims about activating some brain areas in the process; however, the previous studies were not comprehensive, and not all brain areas were mentioned. Three cerebral lobes are involved in the process, namely, the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. The regions involved include the left superior parietal lobe, Wernicke's area, Heschl's gyri, primary auditory cortex, left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), Broca's area, and premotor cortex. In addition, regions of the lateral sulcus (anterior insula and posterior superior temporal sulcus), basal ganglia (putamen), and forebrain (thalamus) showed participation in the process. However, there was a different brain activation of overt and covert or silent speech (Broca's and Wernicke's areas). Moreover, mouth position and breathing style showed a difference in speech mechanism. In terms of speech development, the early postnatal years are important for speech development, as well as identifying three crucial stages of speech development: the pre-verbal stage, transition to active speech, and refinement of speech. In addition, during the early years of speech development, auditory and motor brain regions showed involvement in the process.
{"title":"Brain regions involved in speech production, mechanism and development","authors":"M. Jahanaray, Ali Jahanaray, Zahra Zohoorian","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.178","url":null,"abstract":"Speech might be one of the best inventions of human beings due to its critical communicative role in individuals' daily lives. Hence any study about it is valuable. To our knowledge, merely three studies focused on brain regions' associations with speech production were published more than eighteen years ago; furthermore, research on the brain areas associated with speech production is currently insufficient. The present review aims to provide information about all brain areas contributing to speech production to update the knowledge of brain areas related to speech production. The current study confirms earlier claims about activating some brain areas in the process; however, the previous studies were not comprehensive, and not all brain areas were mentioned. Three cerebral lobes are involved in the process, namely, the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. The regions involved include the left superior parietal lobe, Wernicke's area, Heschl's gyri, primary auditory cortex, left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), Broca's area, and premotor cortex. In addition, regions of the lateral sulcus (anterior insula and posterior superior temporal sulcus), basal ganglia (putamen), and forebrain (thalamus) showed participation in the process. However, there was a different brain activation of overt and covert or silent speech (Broca's and Wernicke's areas). Moreover, mouth position and breathing style showed a difference in speech mechanism. In terms of speech development, the early postnatal years are important for speech development, as well as identifying three crucial stages of speech development: the pre-verbal stage, transition to active speech, and refinement of speech. In addition, during the early years of speech development, auditory and motor brain regions showed involvement in the process.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44215247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.169
Juwei Ong, Alina Arulsamy, M. Shaikh
Low-to-middle income countries (LMICs) in Southeast Asia (SEA) had the highest global traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, post-TBI rehabilitation care may be limited in these countries, thereby contributing to the poorer quality of life (QoL) of patients with TBI. The present systematic review aimed to elucidate the current status of post-TBI rehabilitation care in the LMICs in the SEA region and to discuss the limitations that may hinder the advancement of TBI rehabilitation within this region. A literature search was carried out using five databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus), and the final number of articles were selected according to the PRISMA guidelines. This review selected four relevant research articles from Malaysia and Thailand for critical appraisal. These articles showed that the status of post-TBI rehabilitation care in these regions remains unclear based on the scarcity of available literature. Only early rehabilitation care strategies have been discussed in the literature, such as individualised structured cognitive rehabilitation, utilisation of humanoid robots and the implementation of sensory stimulation programs. This review also suggested that TBI rehabilitation improvements may be hindered by a lack of government funding, unequal distribution of care services and reliance on traditional care. Thus, more research into TBI rehabilitation care is significantly needed within the SEA region to overcome these barriers, leading to the preservation of patients’ QoL.
{"title":"Current status of post-traumatic brain injury rehabilitation care in LMI Southeast Asian Countries: A mini systematic review","authors":"Juwei Ong, Alina Arulsamy, M. Shaikh","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.169","url":null,"abstract":"Low-to-middle income countries (LMICs) in Southeast Asia (SEA) had the highest global traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, post-TBI rehabilitation care may be limited in these countries, thereby contributing to the poorer quality of life (QoL) of patients with TBI. The present systematic review aimed to elucidate the current status of post-TBI rehabilitation care in the LMICs in the SEA region and to discuss the limitations that may hinder the advancement of TBI rehabilitation within this region. A literature search was carried out using five databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus), and the final number of articles were selected according to the PRISMA guidelines. This review selected four relevant research articles from Malaysia and Thailand for critical appraisal. These articles showed that the status of post-TBI rehabilitation care in these regions remains unclear based on the scarcity of available literature. Only early rehabilitation care strategies have been discussed in the literature, such as individualised structured cognitive rehabilitation, utilisation of humanoid robots and the implementation of sensory stimulation programs. This review also suggested that TBI rehabilitation improvements may be hindered by a lack of government funding, unequal distribution of care services and reliance on traditional care. Thus, more research into TBI rehabilitation care is significantly needed within the SEA region to overcome these barriers, leading to the preservation of patients’ QoL.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46619509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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