Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.158
Maryam Karimpour, B. Miladpour
Depression plays a clear and undeniable role in infertility. In this study, we investigated the status of depression and the levels of fertility hormones in infertile women. One hundred infertile women and 50 fertile controls participated in this study. The serum levels of cortisol, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin B markers were measured using electro-quantitative luminescence and ELISA techniques. The results showed a significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of the serum levels of LH, FSH, and AMH (P-value˂ 0.05). Depression was significantly associated with AMH in infertile women (P-value = 0.049). AMH and FSH showed a significant difference between the two groups of depressed fertile and depressed infertile women (P-value = 0.005, P-value = 0.042, respectively). In addition, there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding depression status (P-value = 0.003). We concluded that depression might affect AMH, FSH levels, and infertility. As a result, examining all the important and relevant markers of infertility and paying attention to the psychological conditions of women are highly important. Thus, it is possible to prioritize these cases to improve couples' fertility.
{"title":"Investigating the relationship between infertility and depression in women","authors":"Maryam Karimpour, B. Miladpour","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.158","url":null,"abstract":"Depression plays a clear and undeniable role in infertility. In this study, we investigated the status of depression and the levels of fertility hormones in infertile women. One hundred infertile women and 50 fertile controls participated in this study. The serum levels of cortisol, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin B markers were measured using electro-quantitative luminescence and ELISA techniques. The results showed a significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of the serum levels of LH, FSH, and AMH (P-value˂ 0.05). Depression was significantly associated with AMH in infertile women (P-value = 0.049). AMH and FSH showed a significant difference between the two groups of depressed fertile and depressed infertile women (P-value = 0.005, P-value = 0.042, respectively). In addition, there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding depression status (P-value = 0.003). We concluded that depression might affect AMH, FSH levels, and infertility. As a result, examining all the important and relevant markers of infertility and paying attention to the psychological conditions of women are highly important. Thus, it is possible to prioritize these cases to improve couples' fertility.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42766886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.160
Raghuveer Raghumahanti, E. Chitkara, P. Agarwal
Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the adult population, resulting in significant cognitive and sensorimotor impairments affecting one-half of the body in most patients. The limitations that are attributed to trunk impairment affect the postural and respiratory functions due to either spasticity or weakness of trunk muscles, including the diaphragm. Physiotherapy is effective in interdisciplinary stroke management, with approaches utilising the principles of plasticity. This review focused on briefing the pathomechanical aspects of trunk impairment in hemiplegic stroke. The proposed mechanisms of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) as a treatment for hemiplegic stroke were analysed, and the existing research evidence for the efficacy of DNS in improving trunk control among stroke participants was critically reviewed. The findings substantiate the need for high-quality trials, emphasising study design, subset size, reflective outcomes, and regulated follow-ups.
{"title":"Effectiveness of dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation for improving trunk control in hemiplegic stroke: A scoping mini review","authors":"Raghuveer Raghumahanti, E. Chitkara, P. Agarwal","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.160","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the adult population, resulting in significant cognitive and sensorimotor impairments affecting one-half of the body in most patients. The limitations that are attributed to trunk impairment affect the postural and respiratory functions due to either spasticity or weakness of trunk muscles, including the diaphragm. Physiotherapy is effective in interdisciplinary stroke management, with approaches utilising the principles of plasticity. This review focused on briefing the pathomechanical aspects of trunk impairment in hemiplegic stroke. The proposed mechanisms of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) as a treatment for hemiplegic stroke were analysed, and the existing research evidence for the efficacy of DNS in improving trunk control among stroke participants was critically reviewed. The findings substantiate the need for high-quality trials, emphasising study design, subset size, reflective outcomes, and regulated follow-ups.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48445557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.163
Mayur Jartarkar, Kopal Srivastava, V. Baths
Several neurological processes are undergoing on a conscious and subconscious level every time a consumer likes or dislikes a product. There is presently significant research in Consumer Neuroscience based on consumer behaviour and understanding of these processes. In this study, we have used Electroencephalography (EEG) and Event-Related Potentials (ERP) to capture consumer responses to highly familiar product images. EEG analysed from the 27 participants was used to extract P1, N1, P300, N400 and Late Posterior components. The analysis showed that the early ERP components viz., P1, N1 and P300 can differentiate between consumer liking and disliking of products. In contrast, the late ERP components N400 and Late Posterior components could not differentiate in the highly familiar product category. The results indicate that after continuous exposure, consumer preference towards highly-familiar products occurs as a part of automatic, unconscious mental processes irrespective of the product properties. Further research in this direction can test for the transference of consumer preference: from a conscious mental process to a subconscious mental process due to excessive and continuous product exposure and marketing repetition. Our study demonstrates that consumer behaviour in response to highly-familiar products can be classified using early ERP components only.
{"title":"Using Event-Related Potentials (ERP) to identify the purchase intention of a consumer for familiar brands","authors":"Mayur Jartarkar, Kopal Srivastava, V. Baths","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.163","url":null,"abstract":"Several neurological processes are undergoing on a conscious and subconscious level every time a consumer likes or dislikes a product. There is presently significant research in Consumer Neuroscience based on consumer behaviour and understanding of these processes. In this study, we have used Electroencephalography (EEG) and Event-Related Potentials (ERP) to capture consumer responses to highly familiar product images. EEG analysed from the 27 participants was used to extract P1, N1, P300, N400 and Late Posterior components. The analysis showed that the early ERP components viz., P1, N1 and P300 can differentiate between consumer liking and disliking of products. In contrast, the late ERP components N400 and Late Posterior components could not differentiate in the highly familiar product category. The results indicate that after continuous exposure, consumer preference towards highly-familiar products occurs as a part of automatic, unconscious mental processes irrespective of the product properties. Further research in this direction can test for the transference of consumer preference: from a conscious mental process to a subconscious mental process due to excessive and continuous product exposure and marketing repetition. Our study demonstrates that consumer behaviour in response to highly-familiar products can be classified using early ERP components only.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43047647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-24DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.161
Sajana Aryal, P. Prabhu
Misophonia is a sound tolerance disorder in which certain sounds trigger an intensely emotional or physiological response caused by an increased autonomic nervous system reaction to the triggers. Misophonia is a relatively new condition, and the assessment and management of this condition are not known yet. The epidemiological data of misophonia in the Indian scenario is unknown, without which better planning evaluation and management is not possible. Hence, our study aims to determine the prevalence of misophonia and its impact and co-morbidity among Mysore university students in India. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 students of Mysore University between the age ranges of 18 to 30 years through an online survey mode. The Amsterdam Misophonia Questionnaire (A-MISO-S) and Misophonia Assessment Questionnaire (MAQ) have been used to find the prevalence and severity of misophonia. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 25.0 software. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test to determine the variables' association. The prevalence of misophonia among Mysore university students has been documented. Almost 48.27% of participants reported misophonia symptoms, and 23.28% reported clinically significant misophonia. The result showed that misophonia could occur in isolation or with a co-morbid condition such as tinnitus and hyperacusis. Statistical analysis showed no association between gender and the occurrence of misophonia. Misophonia is a prevalent neurophysiological condition with a significant impact on the quality of life of the sufferers. This is the first study of this kind in an Indian scenario and can be a guiding tool for researchers to know about the prevalence of misophonia, its impact, and co-morbidity among the sufferers.
{"title":"Misophonia: Prevalence, impact and co-morbidity among Mysore University students in India - A survey","authors":"Sajana Aryal, P. Prabhu","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i4.161","url":null,"abstract":"Misophonia is a sound tolerance disorder in which certain sounds trigger an intensely emotional or physiological response caused by an increased autonomic nervous system reaction to the triggers. Misophonia is a relatively new condition, and the assessment and management of this condition are not known yet. The epidemiological data of misophonia in the Indian scenario is unknown, without which better planning evaluation and management is not possible. Hence, our study aims to determine the prevalence of misophonia and its impact and co-morbidity among Mysore university students in India. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 students of Mysore University between the age ranges of 18 to 30 years through an online survey mode. The Amsterdam Misophonia Questionnaire (A-MISO-S) and Misophonia Assessment Questionnaire (MAQ) have been used to find the prevalence and severity of misophonia. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 25.0 software. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test to determine the variables' association. The prevalence of misophonia among Mysore university students has been documented. Almost 48.27% of participants reported misophonia symptoms, and 23.28% reported clinically significant misophonia. The result showed that misophonia could occur in isolation or with a co-morbid condition such as tinnitus and hyperacusis. Statistical analysis showed no association between gender and the occurrence of misophonia. Misophonia is a prevalent neurophysiological condition with a significant impact on the quality of life of the sufferers. This is the first study of this kind in an Indian scenario and can be a guiding tool for researchers to know about the prevalence of misophonia, its impact, and co-morbidity among the sufferers.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43997230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.174
Aida Azlina Bt. Mansor, Salmi Mohd Isa
Technological advancements in eye-tracking have enabled the development of interactive experimental setups for studying consumer behaviour. A common method for examining gaze data is Area of Interest (AOI). Therefore, this study fully utilised eye-tracking tools to measure participants' allocation of visual attention to the marketing mix elements in green and non-green products. This is because the product, price, place, and promotion are still the most crucial factors that customers consider when purchasing. The primary objective of this study is to discover and understand the primary marketing function that directly influences customer decision-making from a neuromarketing perspective. Their eye movements were simultaneously registered using SMI Eye Tracking Glasses 2 Wireless, and the gaze locations of participants were measured from AOI. The findings of this study have a significant impact on the importance of eye movements in decision-making, particularly when choosing important marketing elements before purchasing green and non-green products.
{"title":"Areas of Interest (AOI) on marketing mix elements of green and non-green products in customer decision making","authors":"Aida Azlina Bt. Mansor, Salmi Mohd Isa","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.174","url":null,"abstract":"Technological advancements in eye-tracking have enabled the development of interactive experimental setups for studying consumer behaviour. A common method for examining gaze data is Area of Interest (AOI). Therefore, this study fully utilised eye-tracking tools to measure participants' allocation of visual attention to the marketing mix elements in green and non-green products. This is because the product, price, place, and promotion are still the most crucial factors that customers consider when purchasing. The primary objective of this study is to discover and understand the primary marketing function that directly influences customer decision-making from a neuromarketing perspective. Their eye movements were simultaneously registered using SMI Eye Tracking Glasses 2 Wireless, and the gaze locations of participants were measured from AOI. The findings of this study have a significant impact on the importance of eye movements in decision-making, particularly when choosing important marketing elements before purchasing green and non-green products.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47680425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-26DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.151
O. P. Sokolik, G. Prozorova
One of the promising therapy areas for many diseases of the central nervous system is the search for agents of selective effect on mitochondria. Both the mitochondria themselves and the mitochondrial metabolism of the transformed cell of the central nervous system and activation of energy metabolism by reprogrammed mitochondria give impetus for the development of mitochondrial pharmacology to use the special properties of transformed cells mitochondria as targets for neuroprotective and neuroplastic effects. In this review, we analyse literary sources of domestic and foreign authors about the influence of mitochondrial dysfunction on various links in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases. Based on currently available data, scientists divided all signs of mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia into three groups: morphological disorders of mitochondria, signs of a violation of the oxidative phosphorylation system and dysregulation of genes responsible for mitochondrial proteins. The therapeutic effect of drugs for central nervous system disorders should focus on reducing the accumulation of metabolic products and tissue breakdown, restoring mitochondrial functions and synaptic plasticity, and protecting mitochondria from toxic effects, thereby alleviating cognitive disorders with a neuroprotective effect.
{"title":"Analysis of significance of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of diseases of the central nervous system","authors":"O. P. Sokolik, G. Prozorova","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.151","url":null,"abstract":"One of the promising therapy areas for many diseases of the central nervous system is the search for agents of selective effect on mitochondria. Both the mitochondria themselves and the mitochondrial metabolism of the transformed cell of the central nervous system and activation of energy metabolism by reprogrammed mitochondria give impetus for the development of mitochondrial pharmacology to use the special properties of transformed cells mitochondria as targets for neuroprotective and neuroplastic effects. In this review, we analyse literary sources of domestic and foreign authors about the influence of mitochondrial dysfunction on various links in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases. Based on currently available data, scientists divided all signs of mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia into three groups: morphological disorders of mitochondria, signs of a violation of the oxidative phosphorylation system and dysregulation of genes responsible for mitochondrial proteins. The therapeutic effect of drugs for central nervous system disorders should focus on reducing the accumulation of metabolic products and tissue breakdown, restoring mitochondrial functions and synaptic plasticity, and protecting mitochondria from toxic effects, thereby alleviating cognitive disorders with a neuroprotective effect.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43250152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.147
Adeliya Temirbek, S. Then
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of childhood's most common malignant tumours worldwide. Upon diagnosis, NB is categorized according to staging and risk, with treatment according to different risk categories. High-risk NB is treated with intensive chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, bone marrow / hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, differentiation treatment of isotretinoin and antibody therapy that is usually administered with the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-2. To date, the genetic profile of NB is still being investigated. The most established gene associated with NB is the MYCN Proto-Oncogene, BHLH Transcription Factor (MYCN) amplification that contributes to the risk stratification of the disease. MYCN gene is an important foetal oncogene involved in cell proliferation for organ and tissue growth. Unfortunately, despite significant advances in the treatment of NB in recent decades, the prognosis for high-risk patients remains unfavourable since the overall 5-year survival rate, according to statistical data, does not exceed 40%. The use of cell technologies in paediatric oncology and haematology occupies a significant place and continues to improve. Since one of the leading causes of tumour development is an imbalance between cell death and cell survival, this paper aims to discuss treatment strategies to eliminate tumour cells using cell death pathways, including inducing apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, bioenergetics pathways, and immunotherapy. In conclusion, there is a need for a well-studied genetic profile of NB, which will allow the identification of new biomarkers, thereby contributing to the development of new therapeutic strategies. At the point of this review, immunotherapy seems to be the most promising treatment for high-risk NB as it has been highly effective in other kinds of cancer.
{"title":"Latest advances in cell-death pathway approaches in treating high-risk neuroblastoma","authors":"Adeliya Temirbek, S. Then","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.147","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of childhood's most common malignant tumours worldwide. Upon diagnosis, NB is categorized according to staging and risk, with treatment according to different risk categories. High-risk NB is treated with intensive chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, bone marrow / hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, differentiation treatment of isotretinoin and antibody therapy that is usually administered with the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-2. To date, the genetic profile of NB is still being investigated. The most established gene associated with NB is the MYCN Proto-Oncogene, BHLH Transcription Factor (MYCN) amplification that contributes to the risk stratification of the disease. MYCN gene is an important foetal oncogene involved in cell proliferation for organ and tissue growth. Unfortunately, despite significant advances in the treatment of NB in recent decades, the prognosis for high-risk patients remains unfavourable since the overall 5-year survival rate, according to statistical data, does not exceed 40%. The use of cell technologies in paediatric oncology and haematology occupies a significant place and continues to improve. Since one of the leading causes of tumour development is an imbalance between cell death and cell survival, this paper aims to discuss treatment strategies to eliminate tumour cells using cell death pathways, including inducing apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, bioenergetics pathways, and immunotherapy. In conclusion, there is a need for a well-studied genetic profile of NB, which will allow the identification of new biomarkers, thereby contributing to the development of new therapeutic strategies. At the point of this review, immunotherapy seems to be the most promising treatment for high-risk NB as it has been highly effective in other kinds of cancer.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46500728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.145
Irfan Fauzi, Ahmad Akira Omar Farouk, E. Perimal
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that provokes a strong desire to scratch. In some cases, antihistamines are ineffective in treating chronic itch and produce side effects. Channa striatus fish extract, which can alleviate pain, is also used in this experiment to alleviate the itch. This experiment aims to determine the possible antipruritic effect of topical Channa striatus extract (CSE) on stratum corneum disruption (SCD)-itch mice model. Experiments were divided into 6 groups of male ICR mice which were positive, negative, vehicles, 3% CSE, 7% CSE, and 10% CSE groups. Rostral back of mice was induced with chemicals acetone, diethyl ether (1:1) and water (AcetoneEthylWatermethod) daily for five consecutive days. All groups were treated with specific selective treatments. The scratching behaviour of the mice was observed by videotape. The skin moisture and oiliness scoring was measured daily using a skin analyzer. The skin was isolated for RNA extraction and measured for tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) gene expression level using real-time RT PCR. All treatment groups of Channa striatus extract cream had shown a significant reduction in scratching time, increase in skin moisture and skin oiliness. The TNF- α gene expression level had inconsistent results and needed a more extensive sample. The Channa striatus extract cream may be able to alleviate itch compared to the control parameters.
{"title":"Antipruritic properties of topical Channa striatus extract on stratum corneum disruption-itch mice model","authors":"Irfan Fauzi, Ahmad Akira Omar Farouk, E. Perimal","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.145","url":null,"abstract":"Itch is an unpleasant sensation that provokes a strong desire to scratch. In some cases, antihistamines are ineffective in treating chronic itch and produce side effects. Channa striatus fish extract, which can alleviate pain, is also used in this experiment to alleviate the itch. This experiment aims to determine the possible antipruritic effect of topical Channa striatus extract (CSE) on stratum corneum disruption (SCD)-itch mice model. Experiments were divided into 6 groups of male ICR mice which were positive, negative, vehicles, 3% CSE, 7% CSE, and 10% CSE groups. Rostral back of mice was induced with chemicals acetone, diethyl ether (1:1) and water (AcetoneEthylWatermethod) daily for five consecutive days. All groups were treated with specific selective treatments. The scratching behaviour of the mice was observed by videotape. The skin moisture and oiliness scoring was measured daily using a skin analyzer. The skin was isolated for RNA extraction and measured for tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) gene expression level using real-time RT PCR. All treatment groups of Channa striatus extract cream had shown a significant reduction in scratching time, increase in skin moisture and skin oiliness. The TNF- α gene expression level had inconsistent results and needed a more extensive sample. The Channa striatus extract cream may be able to alleviate itch compared to the control parameters.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47087769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-15DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.150
Biraj Bhattarai, Abhishek Buddiguppe Panchakshari
Facilitation and inhibition are the two mechanisms of lexical activation. If one word in the lexical facilitates the activation of the other word, it is termed facilitation. On the other hand, if one word/lexical item impedes the activation of the other word in the lexicon, it is called inhibition. Many experimental tasks like naming and priming tasks can be used to tap these two mechanisms of lexical activation. The current study aimed to test these two patterns of lexical activation in persons with anomic aphasia. Ten persons with anomic aphasia and ten neurologically healthy individuals designated as group 1 and group 2 served as participants. The blocked naming task was administered to the participants. The semantically related blocks comprised pictures belonging to the same lexical category, while semantically unrelated blocks comprised pictures belonging to different lexical categories. For group 1, vocal reaction time and accuracy scores were better for unrelated blocks than related ones. For group 2, there was no evident difference between the vocal reaction time and accuracy scores for related and unrelated blocks. The difference between the vocal reaction time for semantically related and unrelated blocks was significant statistically only for group 1, indicating that the mechanism of lexical activation was different for the two groups. Better vocal reaction time for unrelated blocks indicated inhibition in persons with anomic aphasia.
{"title":"Lexical access in brain-damaged individuals: Evidence from anomic aphasia","authors":"Biraj Bhattarai, Abhishek Buddiguppe Panchakshari","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.150","url":null,"abstract":"Facilitation and inhibition are the two mechanisms of lexical activation. If one word in the lexical facilitates the activation of the other word, it is termed facilitation. On the other hand, if one word/lexical item impedes the activation of the other word in the lexicon, it is called inhibition. Many experimental tasks like naming and priming tasks can be used to tap these two mechanisms of lexical activation. The current study aimed to test these two patterns of lexical activation in persons with anomic aphasia. Ten persons with anomic aphasia and ten neurologically healthy individuals designated as group 1 and group 2 served as participants. The blocked naming task was administered to the participants. The semantically related blocks comprised pictures belonging to the same lexical category, while semantically unrelated blocks comprised pictures belonging to different lexical categories. For group 1, vocal reaction time and accuracy scores were better for unrelated blocks than related ones. For group 2, there was no evident difference between the vocal reaction time and accuracy scores for related and unrelated blocks. The difference between the vocal reaction time for semantically related and unrelated blocks was significant statistically only for group 1, indicating that the mechanism of lexical activation was different for the two groups. Better vocal reaction time for unrelated blocks indicated inhibition in persons with anomic aphasia.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45694407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.144
Noor Aishah Mohammed Izham, Jasmine Siew Min Chia, Nur Khalisah Kaswan, Kavitha Sukirthalingam, S. Vidyadaran, Hemabarathy Bharatham, M. Sulaiman, E. Perimal
Establishing experimental models to study neuropathic pain has been challenging due to the complex mechanism underlying the condition. Although in vivo models have been useful in the observation of behavioural pain responses, it should be acknowledged that species-to-species variance can lead to differences in terms of molecular mechanism and genetic expression. The study of molecular and signal transduction of neuropathic pain using in vivo models faces limitations due to ethical considerations involving pain induction in animals and the intricacy of molecular interactions in the pathophysiology of the condition. Hence, developing relevant in vitro models to study neuropathic pain is important, as it considers the physiological microenvironment and reduces the use of experimental animals. Several considerations should be taken into account in developing an in vitro model of neuropathic pain, including the use of either primary culture of cell lines with considerations to their origins; human or animal, the method of neuropathic pain-like induction and the relevant assays to assess pain. This review recapitulates previous research employing in vitro models in investigating the molecular mechanism of neuropathic pain, intending to provide an alternative to the growing concerns on in vivo neuropathic pain models.
{"title":"Exploring the possibilities of using in vitro model for neuropathic pain studies","authors":"Noor Aishah Mohammed Izham, Jasmine Siew Min Chia, Nur Khalisah Kaswan, Kavitha Sukirthalingam, S. Vidyadaran, Hemabarathy Bharatham, M. Sulaiman, E. Perimal","doi":"10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v5i3.144","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing experimental models to study neuropathic pain has been challenging due to the complex mechanism underlying the condition. Although in vivo models have been useful in the observation of behavioural pain responses, it should be acknowledged that species-to-species variance can lead to differences in terms of molecular mechanism and genetic expression. The study of molecular and signal transduction of neuropathic pain using in vivo models faces limitations due to ethical considerations involving pain induction in animals and the intricacy of molecular interactions in the pathophysiology of the condition. Hence, developing relevant in vitro models to study neuropathic pain is important, as it considers the physiological microenvironment and reduces the use of experimental animals. Several considerations should be taken into account in developing an in vitro model of neuropathic pain, including the use of either primary culture of cell lines with considerations to their origins; human or animal, the method of neuropathic pain-like induction and the relevant assays to assess pain. This review recapitulates previous research employing in vitro models in investigating the molecular mechanism of neuropathic pain, intending to provide an alternative to the growing concerns on in vivo neuropathic pain models.","PeriodicalId":36108,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience Research Notes","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46995652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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