Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31250/2618-8600-2023-1(19)-26-59
P. E., Kisser T.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31250/2618-8600-2023-2(20)-215-239
Российская Федерация
examines the settlement patterns of Chinese migrants in Russian
考察了中国移民在俄罗斯的定居模式
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31250/2618-8600-2023-2(20)-74-92
Yaroslav V. Vasilkov
era of the Indus Valley Civilization. Funerary urns of the “Late Harappan” Cemetery H culture reveal mythological ideas associated with peacocks: their role was to conduct souls to the other world. The peacock’s ability to kill and eat serpents and yet be immune to their poison gave rise to its link with immortality and rebirth. The pre-Aryan mythology of the peacock was passed down to the archaic worldview of early Indo-Aryans. The spread of soteriological religions that gave the highest value to the cessation of any rebirth relegated the image of the peacock as a psychopomp to India’s cultural margins. In Indian Classical poetry, the connection between peacocks and the rainy season comes to the fore, the peacock’s “dance” being associated with the renewal of life, fertility and the seasonal awakening of sexual desire. In Viṣṇuism, the peacock is a constant witness to Kṛiṣhṇa’s love games and it is present both in Gokula, the heavenly paradise, and in Vṛndāvana, the earthly one. In the middle of the 1st millennium BC, peacocks traveled to Greece via Persia and later to Rome. The mythology of the peacock that took shape in ancient Greece and Rome shared basic motifs with Indian archaic mythology. The peacock became a sacred bird linked with metemphsychosis ideas and the soul’s immortality. In the Roman Empire, a peacock was the bird of the Empress, while the eagle was a symbol of the Emperor. After the Empress’ death a peacock was thought to carry her up to heaven. Christianity turned the image of the peacock into an important symbol linked with the immortality of the soul, resurrection, the mystery of communion and bliss in paradise. The article seeks to identify factors that might have contributed to forming similar peacock mythologies in distant world regions where direct borrowing can be ruled out. K E Y W O R D S : peacock, psychopomp, paradise, Indian mythology, comparative mythology F O R C I T A T I O N : Vasilkov Ya. The Peacock as the Bird of Paradise: A Comparative Study. Etnografia. 2023. 2 (20): 74–92. (In English). doi 10.31250/2618-8600-2023-2(20)-74-92 75 Vasilkov Ya. The Peacock as the Bird of Paradise: A Comparative Study Я. В. Васильков Музей антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация ORCID: 0000-0001-5508-5900 E-mail: yavass011@gmail.com Павлин как райская птица: сравнительное исследование А Н Н О Т А Ц И Я . В Индии павлин был одомашнен и экспортировался в Шумер еще в эпоху цивилизации долины Инда. Погребальные урны позднехараппской «культуры могильника эйч» раскрывают мифологические представления, связанные с павлинами: они изображены уносящими в иной мир души умерших. Способность павлина убивать и поедать змей, будучи невосприимчивым к их яду, породила символическую связь павлина с бессмертием и возрождением. Доарийская мифология павлина перешла в архаическое мировоззрение ранних индоариев. Распространение сотериологических религий, утверждавших в качестве высшей ц
印度河流域文明的时代。“晚期哈拉帕”墓地文化的骨灰瓮揭示了与孔雀有关的神话观念:它们的作用是将灵魂带到另一个世界。孔雀能够杀死和吃掉蛇,但对蛇的毒素免疫,这使它与不朽和重生联系在一起。前雅利安人关于孔雀的神话一直流传到早期印度雅利安人的古老世界观。救赎论宗教的传播对停止任何重生给予了最高的价值,将孔雀作为精神错乱者的形象降到了印度文化的边缘。在印度古典诗歌中,孔雀与雨季之间的联系尤为突出,孔雀的“舞蹈”与生命的更新、生育和性欲的季节性觉醒联系在一起。在Viṣṇuism中,孔雀一直是Kṛiṣhṇa爱情游戏的见证人,它既出现在天堂Gokula中,也出现在尘世Vṛndāvana中。公元前一千年中期,孔雀经波斯来到希腊,后来又来到罗马。形成于古希腊和罗马的孔雀神话与印度古代神话有着共同的基本主题。孔雀成为一种与轮回思想和灵魂不朽联系在一起的神圣之鸟。在罗马帝国,孔雀是皇后的鸟,而鹰是皇帝的象征。皇后死后,人们认为是一只孔雀把她送上了天堂。基督教把孔雀的形象变成了一个重要的象征,与灵魂的不朽、复活、交流的神秘和天堂的幸福联系在一起。这篇文章试图找出可能在遥远的世界地区形成类似孔雀神话的因素,在那里可以排除直接借鉴的可能性。K E Y W O R D S:孔雀,心理,天堂,印度神话,比较神话F O R C I T A T I O N: Vasilkov Ya。孔雀作为天堂鸟:比较研究。Etnografia》2023。2(20): 74-92。(用英语)。doi 10.31250/2618-8600-2023-2(20)-74-92 75 Vasilkov Ya。孔雀作为天堂鸟:比较研究Я。В。Васильков Музей антропологии * этнографии им。ПетраВеликого(Кунсткамера)РАНСанкт——Петербург,РоссийскаяФедерацияORCID: 0000-0001-5508-5900电子邮箱:yavass011@gmail.comПавлинкакрайскаяптица:сравнительноеисследованиеАННОТАЦИЯ。ВИндиипавлинбылодомашнениэкспортировалсявШумерещевэпохуцивилизациидолиныИнда。Погребальныеурныпозднехараппской«культурымогильникаэйч»раскрываютмифологическиепредставления,связанныеспавлинами:ониизображеныуносящимивиноймирдушиумерших。Способностьпавлинаубиватьипоедатьзмей,будучиневосприимчивымкихяду,породиласимволическуюсвязьпавлинасбессмертиемивозрождением。Доарийскаямифологияпавлинаперешлавархаическоемировоззрениераннихиндоариев。Распространениесотериологическихрелигий,утверждавшихвкачествевысшейценностипрекращениевсякихрождений,отодвинулообразпавлинакакпсихопомпанаперифериюиндийскойкультуры。Виндийскойклассическойпоэзиинапервыйпланвыходитсвязьмеждупавлинамиисезономдождейи«танец»павлинаассоциируетсясобновлениемжизни,плодородиеми«сезоннымп”робуждениемсексуальноговлечения。ВвишнуизмепавлинявляетсяпостояннымсвидетелемлюбовныхигрКришныиприсутствуеткаквГокуле,небесномраю,такивоВриндаване,земном。В середине I тысячелетия до。э。павлиныпопаливГрециючерезПерсию,азатемвРим。Мифологияпавлина,сформировавшаясявДревнейГрециииРиме,имелаобщиемотивыспредставлениямииндийскойархаики。Павлинсталсвященнойптицей,связаннойсидеямиметемпсихозаибессмертиядуши。ВРимскойимпериипавлинбылптицейимператрицы,аорел-символомимператора。Считалось,чтопослесмертиимператрицыпавлинвозноситеенанебо。Христианствопревратилообразпавлинавважныйсимвол,связанныйсбессмертиемдуши,воскресением,таинствомпричастияиблаженствомвраю。Встатьепредпринятапопыткавыявитьфакторы,которыемоглиспособствоватьформированиюаналогичныхмифологийпавлинавотдаленныхрегионахмира,гдепрямоезаимствованиеможносчитатьисключенным。КЛЮЧЕВЫЕСЛОВА:павлин,психопомп,рай,индийскаямифология,сравнительнаямифологияДЛЯЦИТИРОВАНИЯ:Vasilkov丫。孔雀作为天堂鸟:比较研究。Этнография。2023. 2(20): 74-92。doi 10.31250 / 76(20) 74 - 92 2618-8600-2023-2ЭТНОГРАФИЯ/ ETNOGRAFIA。2023. 1963年2月1日,印度政府宣布孔雀为该国的国鸟。早在印度历史上就有先例:孔雀是孔雀王朝的象征,孔雀王朝建立了第一个泛印度帝国。王朝本身的名字——孔雀——来源于印度语和梵语单词mora,意思是“孔雀”。 印度孔雀(Pavo cristatus)最初居住在森林中,但它经常受到捕食者(老虎、野狗等)的威胁,这就是为什么孔雀现在倾向于生活在村庄附近,在那里它们可以吃谷物、豆类和耕地上的嫩枝。农民通常容忍对田地的破坏,甚至保护这些鸟类不受外国人的暴力侵害:亚历山大大帝禁止他的士兵杀死孔雀(Karttunen 1997: 207),很久以后,“村民和英国士兵之间的许多纠纷都是由于后者不知道对孔雀的
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31250/2618-8600-2023-3(21)-188-202
Karlov V.
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31250/2618-8600-2023-3(21)-68-89
Stasyuk I.
A B
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31250/2618-8600-2023-2(20)-163-188
S.-Kh. D. Syrtypova, D. Narantsetseg
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31250/2618-8600-2023-2(20)-189-214
V. Tumėnas
The
的
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31250/2618-8600-2023-2(20)-111-138
M. Butovskaya, D. Dronova, O. Semenova, A. Mabulla
A
一个
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